Landscape compositions with rowan. Decorative rowan: varieties and growing characteristics

Rowan is the most popular and decorative deciduous tree. Any park, recreation area or personal plot includes at least several specimens of the breed. The species is small in size, which highlights the beauty of the autumn clusters of red berries framed by crimson leaves.

Rowan is red-fruited and black-fruited. Both types of berries are considered edible. The second type is used mainly for orchards. In winter, the plant serves as a feeding ground for wild birds, which gives it additional attractiveness.

The extraordinary decorative properties are complemented by complete unpretentiousness to the growing zone and soil type.

Characteristics and varieties of rowan

The breed reaches no more than 15 meters in height. The crown has the shape of a ball or pyramid. The branches are smooth when young and even in shape. The growth rate of shoots is average. With fertilizer and proper care, seedlings quickly gain most of their volume. The leaves are dark green with a smooth surface, but in some varieties the lower part is pubescent. White or pink flowers are collected in an inflorescence. The fruits reach one and a half centimeters in radius. After the first frost the berries are red and sweet. They are used in folk medicine and cooking in different countries.

The breed tolerates severe frosts, attacks of insects and pests. By type, the berries are divided into apple-shaped and pear-shaped. Varietal subspecies are widely propagated in large nurseries in the country. Professionally designed means using one or more varieties. You can buy rowan at a nursery based on soil characteristics, climatic conditions and the designer’s recommendations regarding the variety, age and number of seedlings.

1. The Kene variety (height 3 m) of Chinese origin tolerates sunlight well and grows in turf and sandy soils.
2. The common type from Siberia is adapted to wet soils and severe frosts. The volume is much larger than the Chinese subspecies - as much as 11 meters in height. Flowers are orange or red. The same type is divided into Fifeana, Russian and Beisner varieties.
3. The pomegranate type is the result of selection between hawthorn and the common subspecies. Trees grow up to 4 meters. The fruits have a characteristic pomegranate hue.
4. Scandinavian or European variety is the result of many years of selection. A slender tree with a low crown and silver leaves. The fruits are orange in color.

Planting and caring for seedlings

Trees are propagated by seeds, by grafting cuttings onto a wild species of the same genus. Nurseries sell seedlings with rootstocks that have gone through a period of fusion. As well as large seedlings. These are ready-made mature trees up to 8 years old. The type of propagation depends on the variety and climatic conditions of planting.

A healthy, large-sized rowan tree takes root well in any conditions thanks to its well-formed root system and developed protection from aggressive factors. You can see examples of plants at the Russian Park company.

For any type of planting, rowan is planted in autumn or early spring in moist soil. The distance between holes is at least 5 meters. The volume of the hole depends on the root system of the seedling. It is necessary to care for the seedling only during the planting period. Care consists of abundant watering. Every year it is necessary to trim the crown from young shoots below and on the side of the trunk. Feeding is important during the first few years of growth. The tree's crown needs thinning every few years.

Designer tips for planting and growing rowan trees

• and the design of elite garden plots involves the use of decorative and functional plants. Rowan combines the properties of both types, giving the owner useful fruits and a high aesthetic appearance.
• Resistance to severe frosts allows the tree to be used together with conifers in gardens in the northern regions.
• Rowan goes well with willows, poplars or ash. The ensemble of rowan, barberry and spirea looks good.
• The plant can be planted in partial shade or in the sun. This allows the tree to be used in the foreground, middle or background of the composition. The weeping type of crown can be used to form arches on the site.
• The tree also looks good as the dominant feature of the composition in combination with small shrubs and herbs.
• For lovers of selection, the formation of several shades of rowan on one tree trunk is available. The rootstock of different varieties of the breed can be done to order or independently.
• For rapid and guaranteed growth of seedlings, ready-made large-sized seedlings from nurseries are used.

Enjoy your garden every day!

Rowan- poetic Russian tree. We find slender small trees with a compact, rounded crown, white flowers and orange-red clusters of fruits everywhere. The delicate feathery foliage, turning yellow or red in the fall, is also beautiful. Rowan has decorative garden forms - weeping, with drooping branches, pyramidal and spherical. The fruits of rowan are bitter-sour, tart, good and edible only when frostbitten and are valued in the same way as medicinal ones. It is possible to consider rowan not only a decorative tree, but also a fruit tree: it is an excellent rootstock, and everyone knows the Michurin varieties of rowan with large sweet fruits (Likernaya, Michurinskaya dessert, Granatnaya).

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Buy rowan seedlings

Buy rowan seedlings

Since pagan times, rowan has been part of the life and culture of Celtic, Scandinavian and Slavic tribes. In their beliefs, she was endowed with magical powers capable of protecting soldiers during war, protecting them from the world of the dead, and also protecting them from witchcraft. Meanwhile, in addition to eating its fruits, rowan is exclusively decorative throughout the year. Today we will get to know her better.

Description

Rowan (lat. Sorbus) is a genus of woody plants from the Rosaceae family, reaching from 5 to 15 m in height and 4-7 m in width. The crown is loose. The buds are felt-fluffy. The leaves are large, odd-pinnate, from 9 to 25 almost sessile, oblong, sharply serrate, hairy in youth, then almost glabrous. Numerous white flowers are collected in dense corymbose inflorescences that appear at the ends of the branches in May-June. The inflorescences emit a strong, specific odor.

The fruit is a spherical or oval bright red juicy apple with small seeds. The seeds are round around the edge. Rowan fruits contain sugar - 16 percent, organic acids (malic, citric, succinic, fumaric, sorbic and parasorbic - the last two have bactericidal properties) - 2.7 percent, pectin substances - 1 percent, vitamin P, ascorbic acid (vitamin C ), carotene, amygdalin, tocopherol (vitamin E), riboflavin (vitamin B2), phylloquinone (vitamin K), serotonin, folic acid and other substances. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, iodine and other macro- and microelements accumulate in significant quantities. The seeds contain fatty oil - 22 percent. Biologically active substances are well preserved when the fruits are cooled to a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius immediately after collection and stored at this temperature.

In total, there are over 100 species of rowan, about a third of which grow in the territory of the former USSR. Rowan is widespread throughout Europe, throughout Asia and North America.

Rowan is often grown as an ornamental tree because of its bright green leaves. In early summer it is covered with white, cream or pink fragrant flowers. In autumn, the leaves of rowan trees acquire an amazing crimson hue, going through stages of yellow and orange. In dry places, mountain ash acquires autumn color very early. In winter, rowan trees are decorated with gorgeous clusters of heavy shiny berries: scarlet, pink, cream, yellow or brown. Its fruits are used for food, and its heavy, elastic, durable wood is used for carpentry. Rowan is also important as a honey plant. Rowan fruits are consumed fresh, in the form of preserves, jams, jelly, tinctures, marshmallows, marmalade, jelly, tea and coffee substitute, as well as pickled and pickled. Powder made from dried fruits is used as a filling for pies. Rowan fruits were used in folk medicine as an antiscorbutic, hemostatic, diuretic, choleretic, diaphoretic, laxative and as a remedy for headaches; Rowan is not used in scientific medicine. Fresh rowan fruits have a bitter taste, but the first frosts lead to the destruction of the bitter glycoside sorbic acid, and the bitterness disappears. Fresh leaves have an antifungal effect.

Planting and propagation

Since rowan is a fairly tall tree, it is advisable to plant it along the border of the garden so as not to shade the area, for example along the perimeter on the north side. Rowan looks good both in a single planting in front of the house and among fruit trees. However, its location in the garden depends on the specific type of rowan. Large species look great standing alone as the focal point of an open space if you have the option. The crown of rowan trees (at first pyramidal in shape, and more rounded with age) is not very dense, it allows light to pass through, so other perennials or small shrubs can be planted under the rowan trees. Rowan goes well with dogwood, cherries, elderberries, and birch.

Rowan can grow on any, even poor soils, but it still prefers fertile soils - light and medium loams that retain water well.

It is planted in autumn or early spring - usually until mid-May, as it begins to grow early. To obtain a more generous harvest, it is better to purchase several varieties: single-varietal plantings, although prone to self-fertility, are still less productive. Trees are planted at a distance of at least 4-6m from each other. Pits are dug with a depth and width of 60-80 cm. They are filled with a mixture of compost soil with a fertile surface layer of soil, to which a handful of ash and superphosphate and 2-3 shovels of manure humus are added (fresh, unrotted manure burns the roots). After planting, the seedlings must be watered and the central conductor shortened, and the next year - young and side shoots.

Species rowan trees are propagated by seeds (in autumn), and varietal ones - by green cuttings (in early summer), as well as by grafting with a dormant bud (in summer) or cuttings (in winter or autumn). It is possible to propagate rowan by conventional grafting in the cold season; Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) is usually used as a rootstock, since its deep root system helps more vulnerable varieties to withstand heat and drought more easily.

Care and pruning

Starting from the third year of life, young plants must be fed with mineral fertilizers. The most effective is three-time fertilizing: in the spring, before flowering, and in the summer - with complex mineral fertilizer. In the fall, after harvesting, use fertilizer with a predominance of phosphorus and potassium (for example, “Autumn” fertilizer). Fertilizers are applied shallowly, slightly digging up the soil, after which the plantings are watered abundantly.

For adult plants in the fall or spring before the growing season begins, it is enough to add compost.

Pruning should be carried out in the spring, if possible in a very short time, since all rowan trees begin to grow very early.

Weak and broken shoots are cut out from young plants, the longest ones are shortened somewhat to the outer bud. Pruning of fruit-bearing plants depends on the nature of fruiting: in species and varieties that bear fruit on last year’s growths, the shoots are shortened only slightly and the thickened crown is thinned out well, and in rowan trees that bear fruit on various types of fruit formations, it is necessary to shorten the semi-skeletal branches, systematically thinning and rejuvenating ringlets (very short fruit branches covered with wrinkled bark). Plants with weak growth should undergo regular rejuvenating pruning to two- or three-year-old wood to stimulate the growth of new shoots.

In tall species and varieties, due to the structure of the tree, starting from the 10th-15th year, it is often difficult to collect fruits, so they can be reduced from the very first years of life (shortening the upper branches).

The tree-like form of rowan can be turned into a bush form with the help of intensive pruning by cutting off the one-year-old seedling above the third developed bud from the root collar and turning the lateral skeletal branches into additional trunks. If rowan is propagated by grafting, in the first years regular removal of shoots growing below the grafting site is required.

But rowan is good if it grows freely, without pruning.

Thank you for your help in preparing the material.
biologist Elena Ignatieva

Rowan varieties:

• - decoration of any garden: it has delicate, graceful feathery leaves, pearly white clusters of edible berries and, importantly, a small height - about two meters. Good in group plantings, single plantings, and alleys.

• Arnold's rowan has many varieties with different berry colors: Red Type with white ones with carmine spots, Kirsten Pink with pink ones, Golden Wonder with yellow berries.

Description of rowan

The genus includes 84 species growing in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

Trees or shrubs with various leaf shapes, widely used in park construction. Rowan is very impressive in the autumn, when the crown is decorated with colorful fruits and the foliage is painted in yellow and crimson tones. Grows in a variety of soils, but prefers rich nutrient soils.

Types and varieties of rowan

Homemade rowan

Grows in Crimea. Grows singly or in groups in forest undergrowth.

Tree 15 m in height with a spherical or wide pyramidal crown. In youth, the stems of domestic mountain ash are covered with fissured bark. The shoots are bare and shiny. The foliage is 18 cm long, imparipinnate, compound, with lanceolate leaves, sharply serrated, shiny, smooth, green on top. White or pink flowers, collected in branched, pubescent inflorescences.

The fruits are 3 cm, large, pear-shaped or oblong-ovoid, green-yellow, brown-red or red. The pulp of domestic rowan is very mealy, sweetish, astringent, and aromatic.

Winter-hardy, can tolerate temperatures as low as -30°C. Not damaged by pests. Can reproduce by seeds. Decorative with greenery and large bright fruits. Rowan is used for lining roads, in parks and as a fruit tree in personal plots.

There are two forms of domestic rowan: apple-shaped and pear-shaped.

Rowan Köhne

It grows in the forests of the temperate and warm zones of Central China.

The tree is about 3 m tall. Young shoots of Koehne rowan are almost bare, red-brown, the foliage is odd-pinnate, 20 cm long, with 25 leaves. The flowers of the Koehne rowan are white, collected in corymbs, and look bright against the dark background of foliage. This rowan is beautiful at the time of fruiting, when white, small, sour, without bitterness fruits develop.

Planted in April or October in a mixture of leaf, turf, humus soil and sand; during spring sowing, seedlings appear in May. Loves sunny places, but also tolerates shade. Grows well in moist loamy soils. Rowan Koehne is winter-hardy in the middle zone and does not need shelter.

Mountain ash

Grows in the forest and forest-steppe zones of Russia and Siberia. Grows solitarily along forest edges, clearings, and river banks.

Tree 11 m tall with alternate, odd-pinnate leaves. Flowers in large corymbs. The fruits of the mountain ash are spherical, orange-red, and remain on the branches for a long time. Frost-resistant, undemanding to soil, but achieves better development in loose soil.

It has decorative forms: the shape of the crown, the taste and color of the fruit, the color of the leaves, which are used with great success in green construction.

Decorative forms of rowan: Russian - similar to the main form, but with wider, larger leaves, large, edible fruits; pyramidal shape - with upward-pointing branches and a narrow pyramidal crown; weeping form - with long, thin, drooping branches; Beisnera - a charming form with pinnately lobed leaves, young red shoots; Fifeana - rowan with yellow fruits.

Pomegranate rowan is the result of crossing an ordinary rowan with a hawthorn. Tree 4 m in height, with simple leaves, shiny, smooth, dark green, slightly pubescent. The fruits of rowan pomegranate are the size of a cherry, sweet and sour, burgundy in color. Winter-hardy. Excellent in alley and single plantings.

Intermediate rowan

Grows wildly in Central Europe and Scandinavia.

Intermediate rowan is sometimes confused with hybrid rowan, but this rowan does not have a compound leaf. The foliage is entire, oblong-ovate, shallow-lobed, 12 cm long, green above, grayish below, red in autumn. A low, slender tree with a decorative crown, silver foliage and a smooth gray trunk. Intermediate rowan flowers are white, about 1 cm in diameter, collected in corymbs. The fruits of Intermediate Rowan are orange-red.

Rowan location

Rowan is a tall tree, so it must be planted along the border of the garden so as not to shade the area, for example, along the perimeter. Rowan can grow on any soil, but prefers fertile - light loam.

Planting rowan: rowan should be planted in autumn or spring. Trees must be planted at a distance of no closer than 5 m to each other. After planting, rowan seedlings must be watered and the central conductor must be shortened, and next year the side shoots must be shortened.

Rowan care

Care comes down to removing shoots and shoots, as well as fertilizing, watering and loosening the soil, forming the crown and controlling diseases and pests. Since rowan trees begin to grow very early, fertilizing and pruning of plantings must be carried out at an earlier date. When pruning fruit-bearing trees, it is necessary to take into account the nature of fruiting. In varieties and species of mountain ash that bear fruit on last year's growth, the shoots are slightly shortened and the crown is thinned out. Rowan trees with weak growth are rejuvenated with two-year-old wood to encourage shoot growth.

Rowan propagation

The species reproduce by seeds, and the forms by grafting onto the mountain ash. Excellent results can be obtained by using common hawthorn as a rootstock. Budding is usually carried out in July - with a sleeping eye. When rowan is propagated by seeds, sowing is carried out in spring or autumn. Before stratification, seeds are pre-soaked for 4 hours. Rowan seedlings grow quickly and in the fall they are already suitable for planting.

The technology of growing material from seeds is simpler and more convenient than propagation by grafting. But when propagating by seed, it is necessary to take into account not only the variability of species, but also the late entry into the period of flowering and fruiting of plants.

Using mountain ash in landscape design

Flower growers need to remember that rowan is not only a valuable fruit plant, but also a highly ornamental plant. Some species and varieties, having good winter hardiness, are excellent for use in fruit and ornamental gardening in the northern regions of our country, where they have no equal in beauty.

Rowan partners

Rowan goes well in plantings with spruce, pine, fir and some deciduous trees. Rowan trees are very good against the background of ash and linden trees, white willow or black poplar. Many types of rowan go well in plantings with barberries, spirea, viburnum, rugosa rose, some types of honeysuckle and some deciduous shrubs.

Rowan looks great in single or group plantings in the foreground and background, in a hedge and can be a good background for some herbaceous perennials.

(Sorbus arnoldiana Kirsten Pink)

Arnold's rowan Kirsten Pink is a large deciduous shrub, often multi-stemmed. It grows slowly. Photophilous. Not demanding on soil conditions. Frost-resistant. Resistant to urban conditions. It has an openwork crown. Used in group plantings and tree and shrub compositions.

(Sorbus koehneana)

Köhne rowan is distinguished by its creamy-white fruit color. It grows slowly. Prefers fertile, slightly acidic soils. It freezes a little in harsh winters. Prefers sunny places, but tolerates partial shade. The plant looks very impressive in single and group plantings.

(Sorbus aucuparia)

Common rowan is an unpretentious, frost-resistant tree. Decorative all year round with its coral-colored fruits and feathery leaves. The growth rate is fast. Not demanding on soils. Light-loving, but tolerates shade. Tolerates short-term excess moisture. Has high frost resistance. A very impressive plant in gardens and parks. Used as a tapeworm, in group plantings and tree and shrub compositions.

(Sorbus aucuparia Joseph Rock)

Rowan Joseph Rock is distinguished by its bright yellow fruit color. The growth rate is very fast. Prefers light, slightly acidic and well-drained soils. Photophilous. Frost-resistant. Resistant to urban conditions. It is used in single and group plantings, to create decorative groups in parks and squares.

(Sorbus aucuparia Pendula)

Common mountain ash Pendula is an ornamental deciduous tree with a beautiful weeping crown shape. Unpretentious, frost-resistant, attractive all year round. Particularly effective during flowering and autumn. And in winter, its bright red fruits stand out in contrast against the background of white snow. The growth rate is fast. Undemanding to soil. Photophilous. Tolerates excessive short-term moisture. Frost-resistant. Used as a tapeworm.

(Sorbus aucuparia Fastigiata)

Mountain ash Fastigiata is a small tree with a narrow pyramidal crown. It grows slowly. It is winter-hardy, shade-tolerant, but blooms and bears fruit better in sunny places. It is undemanding to soils, but does not tolerate salinity and waterlogging. Used in alley plantings, in small groups, edges and street row plantings. Ideal for creating verticals in tree and shrub compositions. Used to create seasonal compositions.

(Sorbus aucuparia Edulis)

Rowan edulis is one of the most interesting types of trees used in landscape design. The bright color of the fruits and the ability to preserve them for a long time are its undoubted advantage. Has high winter hardiness. It is photophilous, tolerates light partial shade, and does not bloom or bear fruit well in shaded conditions. Moderately demanding of soil fertility, prefers deep, fertile, loose, well-drained soils. Does not tolerate air pollution and smoke. Does not tolerate waterlogging and swampiness. Damaged by sooty fungus, this reduces decorative properties. Used in solitary and group plantings, tree and shrub groups, edges, alley plantings.

Intermediate rowan is a slender, medium-sized tree. Unpretentious to soil conditions. Frost-resistant. Photophilous. Very resistant to urban conditions. Tolerates soil compaction. Drought resistance is average. Does not tolerate salinity and waterlogging. Ideal rowan for urban plantings.