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A funny incident from life. Tasks for working with statistical sources Analyze the data in the following table

Having analyzed the data presented in Table 3.3, we can draw the following conclusions about the structure of borrowed capital in 2006-2008.

The total amount of borrowed capital in 2007 compared to 2006 increased by 26,429.11 thousand rubles or 80.26%, and in 2008 - by 163.10%. There were also significant changes in the structure of borrowed capital: the share of bank loans decreased (in 2007 and 2008 it was completely absent), and accounts payable, which are temporarily used in the turnover of the enterprise until their repayment dates, increased.

There have also been some changes in the structure of accounts payable. Its total amount increased in 2007 by 9.11%, and in 2008 by 46.94%. The largest share in the structure of accounts payable throughout the analyzed period was accounted for by debt to other creditors: 55% in 2006, 45% in 2007, 64% in 2008. At the same time, the amount of debt to other creditors in 2007 decreased by 12%, and in In 2008, it increased significantly again – by 111%.

Also, a large share in the structure of accounts payable falls on debt to personnel (25%, 33% and 23%, respectively) and debt on taxes and fees (13%, 12% and 7%). Despite maintaining the structure, the amount of debt to personnel in 2007 increased by 47%, and in 2008 it decreased by 2%.

Thus, during the analyzed period, the total amount of accounts payable of the enterprise increased significantly, which is explained by inflation and the process of development of the enterprise. However, in order to draw conclusions about the impact of this process on the normal functioning of the enterprise, it is necessary to analyze the ratio of borrowed capital to equity, which is not possible. A large share was also occupied by settlements between branches, which is explained by the nature of the enterprise. At the same time, the structure of borrowed capital in 2006-2008 remained approximately the same.

Data for analyzing the dynamics of the enterprise's asset structure are presented in Tables 3.4.

Table 3.4 – Structure of the enterprise’s assets in 2006-2008

Enterprise funds	Amount, thousand rubles		Structure, %

Fixed assets
Current assets

Enterprise funds	Absolute deviations		Growth rate, %
	2007 from 2006	2008 from 2007	2007 to 2006	2008 to 2007
Fixed assets
Current assets

Having analyzed the data in Table 3.4, we can draw the following conclusions about the dynamics and structure of the enterprise’s assets in 2006-2008.

A horizontal analysis of assets shows that their absolute amount in 2007 increased by 26,429.1 thousand rubles. or 80.3%, and in 2008 – by 96810.1 thousand rubles (163.1%). If there were no inflation, one could say that the enterprise is increasing its economic potential. In conditions of inflation, this cannot be said, since fixed assets and the remains of unfinished capital construction are periodically revalued taking into account the growth of the price index. Newly received inventories are reflected at current prices, previously capitalized inventories are reflected at prices valid on the date of their receipt. Funds in settlements and cash are not overvalued. Therefore, it is very difficult to bring all balance sheet asset items into a comparable form and draw a conclusion about the real growth rate of their value.

A vertical analysis of balance sheet assets, reflecting the share of each item in the total balance sheet currency, allows us to determine the significance of changes for each type of asset. The data obtained show that the asset structure of the analyzed enterprise has changed quite significantly: in 2007, non-current assets increased by 10.5%, and their share in the asset structure decreased from 28% to 17%; the amount of current assets increased by 107%, their share in the structure also increased by 10%. In 2008, on the contrary, the amount of non-current assets increased sharply – almost 10 times. This was due to a significant increase in the amount under the item “Construction in progress”. At the same time, the amount of current assets remained practically unchanged. In the structure of the enterprise's assets in 2008, the share of non-current assets increased, and the share of current assets, accordingly, decreased by 50%.

In connection with this, the organic structure of capital has changed; in 2006, the ratio of working capital to fixed capital was 2.6, in 2007 - 4.9, which ultimately will help accelerate its turnover and increase profitability. And in 2008 this figure was 0.5, which could have a negative impact on turnover.

To analyze the effectiveness of realizing financial potential, we will analyze liquidity indicators.

Short-term liquidity is divided into:

An international organization twice (in 2005 and 2015) conducted a survey of adult citizens with children in the country of N. They were asked the question: “Do you accept the use of physical punishment as a means of disciplining children?” The survey results are presented in the table.

9. Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the table and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in ascending order.

1) The number of respondents who could not determine their attitude to the problem, from 2005 to 2015. increased.

2) The number of parents who consider corporal punishment against children unacceptable under any circumstances increased in 2015.

3) The number of supporters of corporal punishment as the most effective educational method has decreased by one and a half times.

4) Almost one in four of those surveyed in 2005 are ready to use physical force against children only carefully and in especially serious cases.

5) In general, parents began to use corporal punishment more often in 2015 than in 2005.

10. The survey results reflected in the table were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follows from the information obtained from the surveys? Write down the numbers they appear under in ascending order.

1) In the families of the country N., there is a democratization of the relationship between parents and children, manifested in the gradual abandonment of physical punishment of children for disobedience.

2) To successfully solve family problems in the country, it is necessary to develop a system of social security for families with food, clothing, and housing.

3) Despite the positive dynamics, the use of corporal punishment still occurs today in families in the country N.

4) The state of N. must develop a system of measures that guarantees and protects the rights of children, including from violence from parents and educators.

5) The problem of relationships between parents and children is private; it does not tolerate interference from the state and society.

OPTION4

1. Which concept is more general (generic) in relation to the concepts of “family”, “state”, “church”, “trade union”?

1) social structure 3) informal group

2) social stratification 4) social institution

2.The function of primary social control of the family is manifested in

1) running a joint farm

2) caring for the health and development of children

3) application of moral sanctions for violation of norms by family members

4) endowing its members with primary social status

3. A university graduate works as a process engineer. In progress

Through labor, he acquired very important professional skills, learned to make decisions, and lead people. This example illustrates

1) social adaptation 3) social control

2) social mobility 4) social stratification

4. Here is a table containing statistical data on the distribution of the population of country Z by gender and place of residence as of September 1, 2015. Analyze the information. What conclusion can be drawn based on the table?

1) most women in country Z live in rural areas

2) most single women live in cities

4) male labor predominates in agriculture

5.Are the following judgments about social conflict true?

A. The discrepancy between the interests of various social groups can lead to conflict.

B. Interethnic conflict is a type of social conflict.

1) only A is true 3) both judgments are true

2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect

6.The list below shows the similarities between traditional and partnership families and their differences. Select and write down in the table first the serial numbers of the similarities, and then the differences.

1) performs a reproductive function

2) strict division of responsibilities into male and female

3) is an institution of primary socialization of a person

4) spouses are expected to have equal rights in managing the family budget and in resolving issues of raising children

7. Establish a correspondence between examples of interethnic relations and the names of trends in their development: for each position given in the first column, select positions from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

A	B	IN	G

8.Read the text below, each position marked with a letter.

(A) Max Weber identified three components of inequality: wealth, prestige, power. (B) He believed that they, on the one hand, are interconnected, and on the other, independent. (B) From Weber's point of view, wealth plays an important role, but equally important is prestige, which may be completely independent of wealth. (D) Power is the ability of a person or group to carry out plans, take action, or pursue a particular policy even in the face of objections from other people or groups.

A	B	IN	" G

Determine which text provisions

1) reflect the facts

2) express opinions

Write down in the table the numbers indicating the nature of the relevant provisions.

Read the text. Analyze the table data and complete tasks 9 and 10.

In country A, the sociological service conducted a survey of adult citizens twice (in 2010 and 2015). They were asked: “Are you satisfied with the work of public health institutions?” The survey results are presented in table form.

9. Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn based on the table, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated, in ascending order.

1) The majority of respondents in 2015 were unable to determine their attitude to this problem.

2) The number of residents of the country A. who are satisfied with the level of work of state medicine increased in 2015.

3) According to the absolute majority of survey participants, the work of public medical institutions can be assessed negatively both in 2010 and in 2015.

4) The survey participants showed interest in the problem being studied by sociologists by answering their questions.

5) In 2010, women rated the work of public health institutions much higher than men in 2015

10.The results of the survey, reflected in the table, were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follows from the information obtained during the survey? Write down the numbers they appear under in ascending order.

1) The public mood is dominated by a negative attitude towards the activities of government health care institutions.

2) The level of service for patients in private clinics is much higher than in government institutions.

3) The government needs to develop a number of measures to improve the quality of services provided by public medical institutions.

4) The public health care system requires increased care and funding from government authorities.

5) In ten years, there will be no free public medical institutions left in country A.

Detailed solution Paragraph § 19 in social studies for 11th grade students, authors L.N. Bogolyubov, N.I. Gorodetskaya, L.F. Ivanova 2014

Question 1. Why do you need to know how many of us, residents of Russia? What do statistics know about the life expectancy of Russians? What threatens the current demographic situation in the country?

The main tasks of statistical study of the population include consideration of the following processes:

– natural formation of population contingents and generational change, i.e. education and reproduction of the population;

– formation and changes in the composition of the population by gender, age, social and economic composition, level of education and literacy, ethnic groups and many other characteristics;

– population settlement across territories and changes occurring there;

– population migration.

The total population of Russia as of January 1, 2016 is 146,519,759 people (including Crimea) according to Rosstat. The population of Russia as of January 1, 2015 was 146,267,288 people. According to preliminary estimates, the population growth in Russia in 2015 was 0.17% or 252,471 people. There was an increase in the population in all federal districts with the exception of the Volga region: -0.16% or 46,714 people. and Far Eastern: -0.27% or 16,492 people. The largest relative increase was recorded in the Crimean Federal District: 1.41% or 32,421 people. Next is the North Caucasus Federal District with an increase of 0.61% or 58,456 people. and Central Federal District: 0.36% or 139,752 people.

In 2013, Russia achieved the highest female life expectancy in the country's history - 76.5 years (which exceeds the indicators of Soviet times). At the same time, the average life expectancy for the entire population (women and men) increased to 70.8 years in 2013. The average life expectancy of Russians in 2014 increased to 71 years. Current data can be tracked in the corresponding section on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service.

However, despite the obvious increase in life expectancy, Russia still lags significantly behind developed countries in this parameter (USA - 78.7 years, Germany - 81 years, Japan - 83.1 years) and occupies one of the last places in the global ranking, behind Ukraine and Belarus and a number of African countries.

In the next two years, natural population growth is expected in the Volga and Southern Federal Districts. At the moment, in the Volga Federal District there is a positive balance - in five national republics (Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Mari El, Bashkortostan and Udmurtia), as well as in the Orenburg region (75% Russians) and the Perm Territory (83% Russians). In the Southern Federal District, there is a positive balance in Kalmykia and the Astrakhan region (61% Russians). The increase in the district will be achieved due to the excess of the birth rate over the death rate in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea.

The most demographically disadvantaged Central Federal District will achieve positive dynamics no earlier than 2017. According to data for the first half of 2013, natural population decline has continued in all regions of the Central region, while Moscow is the leader in terms of positive balance of natural population movement.

Questions and tasks for the document

When the next demographic analysis of the situation in the Russian Federation appears in the press, they again start talking about problems associated with a low standard of living. They say that income does not allow our citizens to have as many children as the country needs to increase its population. But excuse me... Was it really in the mid-late 1940s, when the USSR experienced a sharp increase in the birth rate, were people wealthier than they are now?.. Was it really in the 1980s, when average life expectancy in the USSR reached a record for our country? 74 years old, people were swimming in luxury?.. Of course not. It turns out that prosperity, life “like cheese in butter” is far from the main indicator of the growth in the number of residents of the state and average life expectancy. There are plenty of examples of this today...

The far from direct proportionality between the income of the population and its size can be observed in a number of countries. Thus, in Germany, among German families (ethnic Germans), today it is rare to find a family in which more than two children were born. But in families of immigrants from Turkey living in Germany, many more children are born.

Based on these data, we can conclude that the dominant role in the demographic issue belongs to the system of values - the social mentality of the peoples inhabiting the state. Religious roots also play a big role...

However, this should not at all become an excuse for those representatives of the federal and regional authorities who want to attribute the low birth rate only to the ignorance of the people...

Another tick next to the number of births does not mean at all that this will increase the population of a village, city, region, region, republic and the entire state. We must not forget that the main Russian demographic problem is not the number of newborns, but social responsibility both to oneself and to society.

Let's not forget that demography is no less important a component of a state's independence than the army. Therefore, to solve the demographic problem in Russia, it is necessary to purposefully and methodically increase the level of culture and spirituality in society, offer a set of social guarantees for families, continue to invest in medicine, develop the economy, and popularize large families...

Income does not allow our citizens to have as many children as the country needs to increase its population.

Low birth rate is the lack of consciousness of the people.

Question 2. What causes of demographic problems does the author consider to be the main ones? How does he support his opinion?

The dominant role in the demographic issue belongs to the system of values - the social mentality of the peoples inhabiting the state.

The main Russian demographic problem is not the number of newborns, but social responsibility both to oneself and to society.

To solve the demographic problem in Russia, it is necessary to purposefully and methodically increase the level of culture and spirituality in society, offer a set of social guarantees for families, continue to invest in medicine, develop the economy, and popularize large families.

SELF-TEST QUESTIONS

Question 1. What characterizes the current demographic situation in Russia?

The All-Russian population census conducted in 2010 showed that the permanent population of the Russian Federation amounted to 142.9 million people. The Russian Federation today ranks 9th in the world in terms of population after China, India, the USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria.

Compared to the 2002 census, the population decreased by 2.3 million people, including in urban settlements - by 1.1 million people, in rural areas - by 1.2 million people.

More than a quarter (26%) of Russians live in the Central Federal District, where the population density is the highest and is 57 people per 1 km2 (the average population density in Russia is 8.3 people per 1 km2). The North Caucasus Federal District is almost as densely populated, with a population density of 54 people per 1 km2. The most sparsely populated by January 1, 2010 were the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Kamchatka Territory, Magadan Region, Nenets, Chukotka and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, where the population density was less than 1 person per 1 km2.

In 2009, for the first time since the early 1990s. There was an increase in the number of Russian residents. It was formed both due to decreased natural loss and as a result of increased migration growth.

Question 2. What factors have had a negative impact on the current demographic situation in Russia? Which of these factors are long term?

Over the past hundred years, Russia has experienced several periods when population reproduction was “narrowed,” that is, it did not provide growth. Two of these periods were associated with catastrophic mortality during the years of world wars, civil wars, and famine. After the Great Patriotic War, child mortality began to decline, and at the same time, birth rates decreased. But already from the mid-1960s. The birth rate dropped to 2.1-2.2 children per woman of childbearing age, which no longer ensured simple population reproduction. However, until the early 1990s. the country's population grew.

A sharp decline in the birth rate in the 1990s. aggravated the already unfavorable situation with population reproduction. But even if today it were possible to return to the fertility indicators that existed before this fall, say, to the indicators of 1965-1985, this would not lead to the restoration of positive natural population growth in the country. A return to the higher birth rates of the late 1930s or at least the early 1950s, when more than half of Russia's population was rural, is now unlikely.

Question 3. What positive changes were recorded by the 2010 population census?

Fertility indicators demonstrate positive dynamics in the last intercensal period. In 2009, 1.8 million children were born, which is 47.8 thousand people (3%) more than in 2008.

Since 2009, the infant mortality rate has continued to decline. This figure dropped to 8.1 deaths under 1 year of age per 1,000 births.

External migration in 2009 accounted for only 15% of the total migration turnover, but it is precisely this that influences the change in the population of Russia as a whole.

TASKS

Question 1. Analyze the data in the following table, draw conclusions about the current trend and its impact on the demographic situation.

The number of migrants is decreasing every year. The main reason for the reduction in migration flows from the CIS countries is the reduction in possible labor income in Russia due to the devaluation of the ruble.

A significant role was also played by the increase in costs for foreign workers as a result of changes in legislation - the increase in the cost of patents for work and the introduction of fees for exams in the history of Russia and the Russian language. For the same reason, since the beginning of 2015, the situation with the legalization of foreign workers on the Russian labor market has worsened: the number of work permits issued for migrants in the first nine months of this year decreased by 44 percent compared to the same period last year.

By tightening the procedure for registering migrant labor, the government sharply worsened the situation with the legalization of foreign labor.

Question 2. Many European countries are facing serious problems due to the increase in migration from Asian and African countries. What measures can help Russia avoid a repeat of the situation with youth crime in the suburbs of Paris, pogroms in London, etc.?

When developing the immigration policy of the Russian Federation, it seems advisable to use this experience in order to avoid repeating the mistakes already made by European countries in relations with ethnic diasporas and religious groups; secondly, a study of migration processes in Western European countries such as France, Germany and Great Britain.

The main measures may be limiting migration flows and tightening legislation in the field of migration.

Question 3. Make a plan for an oral report on the topic “Population of Russia in the mirror of demography.”

1. Demographic situation in the Russian Federation;

2. The peoples inhabiting our country;

3. Demographic crisis among different nationalities;

4. Ways for peoples to overcome the demographic crisis.

REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 2

Question 1. What social values do you think the French writer and philosopher Voltaire compared when he argued: “It is not inequality that is painful, but dependence”? Do you share this point of view?

Social stratification and hierarchy of subordinate type.

Social stratification is the differentiation of people in society depending on access to power, profession, income and some other socially significant characteristics.

A hierarchical organization is a structure with a vertical form of management (control) of the elements included in it. In fact, it is a pyramid, each level of which is controlled by a higher level.

Question 2. Remember one of the famous creations of A.S. Pushkin and try to determine whether Eugene Onegin can be called an outcast after his arrival in the village. Justify your opinion.

Quite possible. Evgeniy is a secular man and came to the village to change his surroundings. I think he was really going to be part of this village. But he didn’t fully become one and left the village. Now he is something between a villager and a socialite.

Marginal is a person who is on the border of different social groups, systems, cultures and is influenced by their contradictory norms, values, etc.

Question 3. State your point of view on the situation in modern Russia of representatives of different professions. To do this, place the following professions on various steps of the social ladder: steelmaker, entrepreneur, lawyer, pilot, driver, waiter, manager, teacher, salesman, broker, doctor, banker, engineer, scientist.

The social ladder is a diagram of the arrangement of population strata in terms of their material and professional status. The more material benefits or prof. skills, the higher a person is on the social ladder.

1st level – waiter, steelmaker, teacher, driver, salesman,

Level 2 – entrepreneur, lawyer, manager, doctor, broker

3rd stage – banker, engineer, scientist, pilot.

Question 4. Indicate what type of social interactions the following characteristics correspond to:

Mutual interest, the benefit of interaction for both parties, while none of them is infringed to the extent that it itself considers unreasonable or unacceptable, i.e. each party receives what it recognizes as acceptable and justified;

It is possible that this interaction is aimed at achieving an emerging joint goal (but not a similar one), which also helps to strengthen the guarantees of cooperation, friendship, and partnership;

Reinforcement by means of exchange such as loyalty, appreciation, respect, support.

Collaboration is a process of joint activity, for example in the intellectual sphere, by two or more people or organizations to achieve common goals, in which knowledge is exchanged, learning and agreement are reached.

Question 5. Think about the statements below. The first belongs to the German thinker G. Lessing: “I am fully convinced that not a single people in the world is gifted with any ability preferentially over others,” the second belongs to the Russian physiologist I. M. Sechenov, who noted that the main features of human mental activity and his ability to feel does not depend either on race or on geographical location: “Only in this way does the consciousness of the moral and mental kinship between all people of the globe, no matter what races they belong to, become understandable.”

In your opinion, can nationality influence a person’s activities, his attitude to work, his choice of profession, and his mastery of culture? Give reasons for your answer.

Nationality cannot influence a person’s activities, his attitude to work, his choice of profession, or his mastery of culture. All this is influenced not so much by nationality as by environment, upbringing, and mentality.

Mentality is a set of mental, emotional, cultural characteristics, value orientations and attitudes inherent in a social or ethnic group, nation, people, nationality. This term can also be used to characterize the worldview and way of thinking of an individual.

Question 6. The English writer E. Burgess characterized the family as “a unity of interacting individuals.” Draw a conclusion from this characteristic: how did the author view the family - as a social institution or as a small group?

A social institution is a historically established or created by purposeful efforts form of organization of joint life activities of people, the existence of which is dictated by the need to satisfy the social, economic, political, cultural or other needs of society as a whole or part of it. Institutions are characterized by their ability to influence people's behavior through established rules.

A small social group is an association of people who have direct contact with each other, united by joint activities, emotional or family closeness, aware of their belonging to the group and recognized by other people.

Consequently, E. Burgess considered the family as a small group.

Question 7. In one of the classes there was a discussion on the question “What is my family for me and what does it mean to me?” Among the thoughts expressed were the following: “Family is the closest and dearest people,” “Family is my whole life. I learn a lot from my parents that I would not have learned on my own,” “I learned to think in the family,” “For me, a family is a large team. If something needs to be done, we do it as a family.” What opinions might you subscribe to? Why? How would you answer the question posed?

A family is a small country in which PAPA is the president, MOTHER is the minister of finance, the minister of health, the minister of culture and emergency situations in the family. And a CHILD is a people who constantly demands something, is indignant and goes on strike.

Family is what matters most, that's what makes my heart beat.

Family is the most comfortable and warm place on Earth. And in this place you are truly happy.

Question 8. How are you? understand the following words of an American writer of the 19th century. R. Emmerson: “In our youth we are reformers, and in our old age we are conservatives. The conservative seeks welfare, and the reformer seeks justice and truth”? What arguments could you give against or in defense of this judgment?

In his youth, every person disagrees with something, he sees the world differently, wants to change something. He argues, tries to find justice, to change people for the better, to change power, etc. But soon the man realizes that he cannot do anything. This comes closer to old age, when you have grandchildren, you look for everything possible to live prosperously, you agree with your salary, work day and night so that your family has everything for a prosperous life.

Year Ideal number of children Actual number of children 1991 2.02 1.73 1992 1.59 1.55 1994 2.00 1.40 1995 2.22 1.34 1996 2.21 1.28 1997 2.06 1.23 1998 2.09 1.24 1999 2.09 1.17 2000 2.14 1.21 Analyze the data in the following table, draw conclusions about the current trend and its impact on the demographic situation.

Answers:

From this table we can observe a declining trend in the birth rate, since every year the ideal number of children and the actual number of children increasingly do not coincide. This is due to the change in the position of women in society, with early marriages, where people are not ready to take responsibility. This has a negative impact on the demographic situation, since the ideal birth rate seems more and more unattainable every year.