Layout of a modern house with a basement. Projects of houses with basements - advantages and disadvantages Beautiful one-story houses with a basement

It is customary to call a basement all buried premises, although in a more precise definition it is a floor whose floor level is below the ground level by more than half the height of the walls. If it is less, then this is the ground floor, which can even be above ground.

Thanks to the presence of additional space, it is possible to free the upper floors from technical and auxiliary rooms, thereby increasing the number of living rooms. This is why the plan of a house with a basement is of such interest to private developers.

Loft style fits perfectly into the basement

There are endless battles over the economic feasibility of arranging basements under the house. Some see this as a complete benefit, since it becomes possible to set up a sauna or swimming pool, place a hot water boiler, bathrooms, and even a garage there. Others believe that this is a complete expense, and it is much easier and cheaper to provide a second ground floor.

Drawing of a house with a basement in a low part of the relief

All other rooms are on the ground floor. This is a large kitchen-dining room and, separate from it, a living room with a fireplace, two bedrooms, and a bathroom. There is a large terrace, which is located on the side where the terrain of the site is higher.

Residential floor plan

The house is designed for construction from aerated concrete with brick cladding, but any other blocks can be used - both concrete and ceramic. The type of floors, as well as the roofing option, can be made in any way at the customer’s request.

Two-story house with a basement

A two-story house of up to 300 m2 is designed to accommodate a large family. It is designed in the style of a provincial classic house, has a spacious terrace at the entrance, a basement of up to 100 sq.m., but there is no garage.

Two-story house with basement Ground floor plan

• The basement contains only technical and utility rooms and a cinema hall. This is the best place for a cinema, since being cut off from living quarters and well soundproofed, it will not disturb those who are relaxing or doing other things while watching.
• The first floor is traditionally a guest area. Here the vestibule and the adjacent hall lead to a living room with a dining area, a separate kitchen, which also has a dining area, a dressing room and a guest bedroom.

1st floor

• On the second floor there are three bedrooms and an office, which, if necessary, can be turned into a children's room or another guest room. There are bathrooms on both floors, but downstairs it is small, with a shower tray, and downstairs it is more spacious, with a bathtub.

2nd floor

In cases where the plot is small, many come to the decision to build a house with a basement. This is a very good way out, since you can build a fairly large house with several bedrooms and a sufficient number of utility and household premises. But before you start drawing up a plan for a house with a basement, you need to make sure that the terrain allows such manipulations. Otherwise, the basement can bring many problems and become a source of unplanned expenses. This is due to heating, waterproofing the basement from the inside, and so on.

Features of designing a building with a basement

Before you start drawing up a project, you should definitely carry out geodetic work to determine the degree of soil moisture, as well as the depth of groundwater. If it is planned to build a house on a site with a nearby aquifer, then the process of equipping a basement will become quite labor-intensive and expensive. The ideal place to build a house with a basement is a straight area or a site with a slight slope; these parameters guarantee uniform distribution of moisture during the movement of groundwater in the spring, as well as the absence of flooding of the house, on the one hand.

Houses with basement

The existence of a basement in a private house often solves the problem of a small plot of land. When you want to place a full-fledged home for a large family in a small area. If you follow all technological processes and conduct a thorough soil study, the basement of a residential building will significantly expand the total area. An addition to the available housing space is guaranteed - both as living rooms and a work area for heating boilers, communication systems, etc. A basement is an excellent option for arranging a one-story house on a small plot of land.

When designing a two-story house, the ground floor is preferably allocated for communications, storage space, or a workshop is equipped there.

What to place in the basement?

You should not blindly follow stereotypes and turn the basement into a storage room for household needs. It can be equipped with the following:

• Pantry. In most cases, utility rooms and storage rooms are still installed in the basement. Various utensils, unnecessary old things, winter supplies, etc. are stored there. But it is rational to use the premises for these purposes only if the basement is unsuitable for the installation of equipment and a comfortable stay for people.
• Boiler room. The basement floor is very often used to accommodate communications; this can significantly save space on the main floors. For example, you can install a heating boiler or boiler in the basement. To install a boiler room, the basement in a private house must be constructed in such a way that the room meets all technical requirements, on the basis of which the placement of engineering equipment is permitted.
• Workshop. And those who like to create something with their own hands can use the basement as a workshop. This is an excellent opportunity to equip a spacious room for routine work. Thus, you can save money and time on the construction of a separate building for these purposes. In addition, the size of the plot does not always allow for the allocation of additional space.
• Dressing room, gym, billiard room or kitchen. And in this case, when arranging the premises, it is necessary to pay great attention to waterproofing the basement from the inside, heating, as well as preparing the premises for long-term occupancy.

Advantages of a basement in a house

The main advantages of the basement are:

• High degree of thermal insulation of the first floor due to the fact that there is a warm room under the floor (especially if the basement is a living room with heating).
• Home owners have additional free space, and this does not require large expenses. For example, building another floor (even with your own hands) will cost much more than building a basement or basement.
• When living in a region with a risk of earthquakes, having a basement can provide a good degree of earthquake resistance to the structure.

Flaws

But despite all the advantages, projects of one-story houses with a basement also have their disadvantages. Let's take a closer look:

• It is possible to build a residential building with a basement only in areas where the soil conditions allow it. For example, even in our area there are zones with high groundwater levels or floating soils; accordingly, the construction of houses with a basement there is prohibited by regulatory authorities.
• The presence of a basement in a house project in any case leads to an increase in cost. Therefore, if you have limited resources, you should think very carefully about your options. Or try to do most of the finishing work in the house with your own hands.
• Thus, the main disadvantage of a house project with a basement is its financial component. And for some regions it is the physical impossibility of arranging a basement.

Design

The correct placement of the house on the site and the rooms inside it are determining factors of convenience. The most common building shape is a rectangle, without any protruding decorative components.

If you correctly arrange the rooms and windows in the project, this will help to significantly reduce the cost of electricity and heat supply. If the plan calls for a garage in the basement, then, as a rule, the entrance to it is separated from the front of the house. When designing, it is necessary to take into account the fact that on the north side it is necessary to place rooms with a minimum number of windows or without them at all. Common rooms are located on the south side, and bedroom windows are best placed with access to the east, west, south-east or south-west. Thus, during the winter season, heat is retained, and light will fall where it is needed in the right quantity. In addition, when planning, you should take into account the possible increase in the family and prepare additional premises.

You should also decide how many exits you will need and how they will be placed. If a garage is built within the walls of the basement, then you can make an entrance both from the street and from the house. Decide which rooms should be adjacent and which should be located further away from each other.

Project of a classic 10x10 cottage with a basement

The walls of the house are made of energy-efficient aerated concrete with regular lines. The dimensions of the building are 10x10 meters, with symmetrically located windows and a large basement. It contains three free rooms for utility needs and a boiler room. Thus, almost all the functional load has been removed from the first floor, and a spacious and bright kitchen and living room with a bay window can be quietly set up there. In addition, there is an office and bathrooms on the ground floor.

Second floor. There are three bedrooms, two bathrooms (one of them can be converted into a bathroom). The largest bedroom has a dressing room, the other two have access to the balcony.

All this is complemented by a spacious attic and a closed terrace.

Project of a house with a basement

Next we will consider a project with a simple, convenient, but very functional layout.

Basement: garage, workshop, storage rooms (2) and a bathroom.

Main area: living room, bedrooms (4), large kitchen, dining room, bathroom.

Attic - bedroom and office.

Typical project of a family two-story residential building with a garage

Projects of houses with a basement and a garage offer a variety of options in terms of functionality and space. Let's look at the most popular one.

Total house area 173.9 sq.m. m.

House composition:

• Bedrooms (4) with niches for wardrobes.
• A living room where the whole family can watch home cinema and warm up by the fireplace.
• Kitchen-dining room for family celebrations, from which you can exit to the terrace.
• Bathroom.
• Bathroom.
• Tambour room.
• Hall.
• Corridor.
• A utility room in which you can not only store things, but also iron clothes.
• A garage attached to the house with a carport for another car. You can also directly access the boiler room from the garage.

Projects for houses with a basement can be very different. The range of materials and technologies presented on the modern construction market allows owners to implement any, even very bold decisions.

If you have already decided to build your own house on your summer cottage, if you have already decided to take on this burden, then deciding on such a small thing as building a basement under the house is simply a mere trifle. In this way, you kill two birds with one stone - you get very useful additional storage space, which is always at hand, and force yourself to pay even more attention to such an important element of building a house as the foundation.

The latter circumstance, however, imposes additional obligations and requirements.

The photo shows the appearance of a one-story project - there are options with or without an attic

What could be more natural and simpler:

• the house still requires a reliable foundation;
• all that remains is to take care of a much larger deepening– at least 2.5 meters;
• you have heaving soil, so you still need to remove at least one and a half meters of soil and replace it with heavily compacted sand and crushed stone;
• you need to provide heat at home, which means again a basement and a boiler room in it, which is often done.

Everything is heading towards a basement.

Now, if it weren’t for some circumstances related to the fact that the basement:

• a place to store, first of all, food;
• hence the maximum requirements for creating the required low temperature (not higher than 7 degrees) and humidity acceptable for long-term storage, as well as,

• requirements for protection against insects and rodents.

What additionally is required

To meet these simple requirements, it is necessary to equip the basement with no more, no less, with four systems at once, and none can be neglected and all must work in harmony with each other:

• ventilation;
• thermal insulation;
• waterproofing, and
• drainage

The simplest natural ventilation system is shown in Figure “A”:

• A – the pipe outlet must be higher than the roof ridge; Please note that the length of the tube determines the traction force; the exit must be equipped with a deflector to protect from rainwater;
• B – pipe insulation; If possible, it is advisable to carry it along the entire length of the pipe, because the operation of the natural ventilation system is based on the principle of moving warm air masses upward;

The possibility of building a basement exists even if your house is frame

• C – pipe inlet to outlet, located diagonally from the outlet of the air supply pipe and directly under the basement ceiling; the entrance can be equipped with dampers to regulate the flow;
• D – air flow should prevent the formation of stagnant pockets in the room;
• E – air supply pipe inlet; must be equipped with a net to protect against insects and rodents; at the outlet, located at a height of 50-60 cm from the floor, a damper can be installed to regulate the flow.

Thermal insulation is located over the entire area of ​​the basement, and, given the high likelihood of contact with water, polypropylene boards are used as materials. In any case, the material must be resistant to water.

As for waterproofing, depending on the circumstances, five are used:

• A – external anti-pressure – the most common option;
• B – internal anti-pressure;
• B – waterproofing against capillary moisture;

• G – internal anti-pressure waterproofing on a plaster basis;
• D - waterproofing at the groundwater level, no more than 20 cm deep from the basement floor.

In the diagram: GWV - groundwater management (protection) system. Strictly speaking, waterproofing and drainage systems should be an overall coordinated system for protecting the cellar from moisture. In this regard, the most preferable option from the point of view of waterproofing is A, and from the point of view of drainage - B.

Helpful advice!
As practice shows, the most preferable is the external method of waterproofing, which provides better protection.
The use of this method can only be limited by heavy soil - after all, additional excavations have to be carried out.

And finally, drainage, which is the connecting link of all four basement maintenance systems.

Here is the complete type of drainage that needs to be achieved, taking into account the state of groundwater:

• A – filter sand or material – in no case do we recommend neglecting this auxiliary layer;
• B – drainage layer;
• C – filter sand or cloth;
• D – drainage pipe – always below the level of the cellar floor;

• E – drainage layer;
• F – layer of sand, possibly a mixture of sand and crushed stone;
• G – heat insulator – embedded in the cellar wall and runs from a level 30-50 cm above the ground to a level below the ground, compliance with this condition is fundamentally important;
• H – water-containing layer or plastic film – a layer that will stop the main flow of water;
• I – surface layer, soil.

Two options

We offer two already developed designs for houses with basements.

Single-story option

The advantages of this proposal are:

• very rational layout;
• it is spacious, which allows you to think about placing even a rest room there;
• there is also a boiler room in the basement;
• kitchen and living room on the ground floor are combined;
• the house has a terrace with access from the kitchen;
• The house is designed for 4 permanent residents.

Among the parameters of the house we note:

• overall dimensions of the house: 10.3 x 9.6 m;
• minimum required site dimensions: 17 x 16 m;
• built-up area: 137.7 sq.m;
• total area: 157.5 sq.m;
• living area: 65.9 sq.m;
• roof area: 172 sq.m;
• basement height: 3 m;
• first floor height: 3.8 m;
• height at ridge: 5.8 m.

• main material: brick with insulation;
• foundation: monolithic reinforced concrete;
• base: solid ceramic brick insulated with 50 mm thick extruded polystyrene foam boards;
• external walls: 510 mm thick. made of sand-lime brick M100 with insulation with mineral wool slabs 100 mm thick;
• internal load-bearing walls: 380 mm thick. from sand-lime brick M125;
• partitions: 120 mm thick. from sand-lime brick M125;
• ceiling: reinforced concrete slabs;
• roof: wooden on slings.

According to the architects' calculations, to build a house you will need:

• sand-lime bricks M 125 – 76.7 cubic meters;
• building bricks for the plinth and ventilation – 37.6 cubic meters;
• insulation in the form of mineral wool slabs 100 mm thick per facade - 15.40 cubic meters;
• insulation for the base in the form of extruded polystyrene foam 50 mm thick - 2.2 cubic meters.

Helpful advice!
When calculating the cost of a house, we advise you to take into account the cost of a set of prepared documentation.
For the two proposed options, the cost of a set of working drawings is: one-story project - 23 thousand rubles; two-story – 25 thousand.

Two-story option

This option is characterized by a basement and attic, and in addition:

• a successful combination of compactness and the use of round logs;
• everything is very rational - no corridors or transit zones;
• a special staircase leads to the basement;
• on the ground floor there is a spacious living room with a fireplace and an open staircase to the attic, a kitchen and a bathroom adjacent to the bedroom;

• there are two bedrooms in the attic;

Project parameters:

• overall dimensions: 7.2 x 12.85 m;
• minimum dimensions of the required area: 14 x 19 m;
• total area: 134.5 sq.m;
• living area: 74.1 sq.m.

Plan of all three levels of a two-story project (see description in the text); A – basement, B – first floor, C – second floor.

The materials in this offer are extremely attractive:

• design: round log;
• foundation: precast reinforced concrete;
• external walls: log;
• ceilings: wooden beams;
• roof: wooden;
• roof: metal tiles.

conclusions

Considering that the basement, in order to truly fulfill its functions, primarily as a large refrigerator, requires the establishment of four support systems at once, it is best to choose a ready-made project for construction. Moreover, offer all work to experienced craftsmen.

But if you still want to do everything yourself, strictly discipline the entire construction process - first the foundation and basement with full support, which is given priority attention, and then the superstructure on top. Be sure to refer to the additional video in this article, where you will find many tips that will help you avoid mistakes during construction.

Today, almost every private home has a basement or garage. Often both rooms are required. The layout of such structures has many attractive advantages:

Layout of the basement floor in a modern house

1. Common heating system for all residential and non-residential rooms of the house. There is no need to purchase an additional electric heater for your garage or basement.
2. Convenient entrance to the basement from. Going for pickles will not be burdensome in any weather conditions, and there is no need to change shoes or change clothes.
3. Arrangement of a basement and garage underground, if the area of ​​the summer cottage is small.
4. Construction is carried out in a short time.
5. A warm garage is a comfort zone for a car enthusiast.

Projects of houses with basements and garages also have disadvantages:

You can build houses with one, two or more floors. Popular projects include those with a basement or garage. are also considered in demand.

Whether you need a basement needs to be decided when pouring the foundation. This option is considered convenient. Arranging a basement is the optimal solution for relieving the area of ​​various outbuildings.

Layout of all floors of the cottage with basement, garage and attic

A practical owner will be able to place a boiler room, pantry or boiler room here. If the house has a basement, you can install “warm floors”. They are easy to make when the heating system is autonomous. Construction of the basement must begin when laying the foundation of the future structure.

The construction of a residential building with an attic requires an integrated approach. The attic space can be a tricky place to store unnecessary items. Here you can equip a workshop or office. often used as a guest room. During the construction process, the master must take into account that additional load will be placed on the foundation, so it is important to strengthen the foundation well.

We are building a basement in a one-story house

It is important that water does not appear in the house after rain. It's difficult to get rid of it. It is easier to avoid problems by making a high foundation. The main thing is to correctly perform calculations and drawings.

Stages of work:

When choosing the type of foundation, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the soil. The base walls should not be less than 30 cm.

Having completed the markings, they dig a pit and a trench for a strip foundation. The basement can occupy one part of the house, the other can be used as a garage. The basement, intended for storing marinades and pickles, should reach 2 m in height. When it is used as an office or workshop, it will need to be 2.5 - 3 m deep.

To construct the formwork, the master needs the following materials and tools:

• boards with beams;
• level;
• saw;
• self-tapping screws

Project and layout of the first floor and basement of the cottage

Along with the installation of wooden formwork, the following is laid for insulation:

• Styrofoam;
• polyurethane foam;
• solid materials.

• cement M 400;
• crushed stone;
• water;
• sand.

The best way to prepare the solution is to use a concrete mixer. The basement and foundation walls should be poured at the same time. You cannot take breaks to ensure that the construction is of high quality. Before pouring the foundation of a residential structure, you need to pour sand and crushed stone into the pit.

After this, the mixture is evenly distributed over the bottom. The concrete must dry well. This takes from 15 to 21 days.

Project of a residential one-story house with a basement.

This project of a one-story residential building can be considered both with and without a basement. Let us know about the need to include a basement in the project and we will prepare for you a project version that meets your wishes. This house project (option with a basement) was successfully implemented in the Belgorod region.

The total area of ​​a one-story residential house with a basement is 205.49 sq. m. m. Without basement - 159.72 sq. m. m.

The house project consists of the following set of rooms - a living room with access to the hall, a kitchen-dining room, two bedrooms, two sanitary facilities, and a vestibule. The car garage is under the same roof as the house. Together with the garage, the furnace room is located in a single utility block.

Basement in your house.

Having your own home, at a moderate distance from cities and industrial centers, becomes a reality for many people. Probably even more of them are thinking about building one. It is at this stage, from the very beginning of drawing up the project, that it is necessary to plan for the presence of a basement in the future home. It must be said that this is a rather expensive enterprise in every sense; it is believed that the arrangement of the basement “eats up” about twenty-five percent of the funds for the construction of the entire house. Therefore, everything needs to be carefully weighed and considered.

But, if the decision is made, then the use of the new, fairly spacious area is probably already planned. By the way, you can really place almost anything you want on it, from a boiler room and a garage to a sauna and an office. We recommend that you make a final decision on the presence of a basement in the house at the initial stage.

If the site on which the house will be built is protected by groundwater, all work on equipping the basement is carried out accurately, in compliance with technology, then this room will differ from the rest only in less illumination. What kind of billiard room or gym could be located there?

The cost of a house project on one floor with a basement is 7,500 rubles.

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