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Properly plant sea buckthorn seedlings in spring. Sea buckthorn in open ground - all about planting, care and propagation

We continue to publish a course of lectures given by scientists from the Siberian Research Institute of Horticulture. Lisavenko. The author of this crop, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, chief researcher at the institute, Elizaveta Ivanovna Panteleeva, talks about the biological characteristics and agricultural technology of sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn was a wild, thorny plant with small berries that inhabited river banks. In 1933, Michurin’s student, the great Russian gardener Mikhail Afanasyevich Lisavenko, collected seeds in the thickets of Katun - this is how its selection began. Elizaveta Panteleeva completed this work. According to her, sea buckthorn is an invaluable plant in which everything is useful, from the roots to the tips of the leaves. In addition, it always bears fruit.

Elizaveta PanteleevaDoctor of Agricultural Sciences, breeder

I have been working at the institute since 1959, good people do not live as long as I work, but not once during this time has there been a year when the sea buckthorn did not bear fruit.

Pollination

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious crop. Female plants bear fruit, male plants produce pollen.

This is a wind-pollinated crop: pollen is carried not by insects, but by the wind. The distance the wind carries the pollen is approximately 100 meters, but “who knows which way the wind will blow on the day of pollination.” Therefore, you cannot hope that the neighbors two houses away have a male sea buckthorn growing; you will have to plant it at your place.

The male sea buckthorn plant is always planted on the windward side of the female ones.

The flower buds of male plants freeze slightly, but the Siberian Horticulture Research Institute has identified two varieties that do not freeze: Alei and Gnome. These are male plants without any thorns, with large buds and high pollen productivity. Alei is a vigorous variety, and it is better not to plant it in gardens on three to four acres. The Gnome variety is suitable for small gardens. It has the same large buds, but the growths are shorter and this itself is with restrained growth. When buying seedlings, be careful: Aley and Gnome do not have thorns, so if “Gnome” is written on a seedling with thorns, it is a fake.

A female plant can be easily distinguished from a male plant by its buds - they are pressed against the stem, and only two scales are visible.

But these sex differences in plants are noticeable only on three-year-old seedlings; there are no buds on one-year-old seedlings, and you just have to trust the seller.

Root system

Sea buckthorn has a special, superficial root system, so you cannot dig the soil under the sea buckthorn so as not to damage the roots. Damage the roots and a lot of growth will appear.

Only light loosening and weed control are allowed. And it is best to mulch the soil under sea buckthorn with weeds from the beds (but, of course, without seeds).

The roots of sea buckthorn have nodule formations, like legumes, which enrich the soil with nitrogen. Very often, when amateur gardeners buy seedlings, especially mature ones, they confuse these formations with root canker, which is found on apple trees, etc. There is no need to worry - this is not a disease, but a biological feature.

Sea buckthorn's ability to take nitrogen from the air and fix it in the soil allows it to grow in poor soils, which is why it grows along river banks.

Sea buckthorn loves light and will not live in the shade of other plants. These features suggest that the best place for planting will be some corner of the site, near the fence. The distance between plants should be at least two meters.

Elizaveta Panteleeva

It will be good if you are friends with your neighbors and plant sea buckthorn in the corner where three or four plots meet. Plant one male plant for everyone - that's enough for you.

While studying how sea buckthorn grows in floodplains, scientists noticed: every year it is covered with sand during a flood, and it puts down new roots in this sandy layer.

Elizaveta Panteleeva

Having noticed this feature, we began to plant plants with the root collar deepened by 10-15 centimeters.

If we plant sea buckthorn at the level of the root collar, as is recommended for all crops, it will not stay in the soil in windy weather and will turn out of it under the weight of 20 kg of crop. Planting with deepening will allow the plant to form a two-tiered root system, which will firmly hold the sea buckthorn in the soil and supply it well with nutrition.

Landing

Elizaveta Panteleeva

Now there is a struggle for the sales market, and they are trying to dig up sea buckthorn and sell it as early as possible: it is still with leaves, hearty, and they are already digging it. Sea buckthorn can only be dug up from the nursery and replanted in the spring - our predecessors spoke and wrote about this back in the century before last. Otherwise, by the time of digging, sea buckthorn does not completely shed its leaves, its bark in the area of the root collar does not completely become lignified, and very often, like stone fruits, the bark becomes buried.

The acceptable date for autumn planting is early October. Yes, it is better to plant in the spring, but if you plant it in a permanent place, do not dig in until spring, otherwise the roots will probably rot.

The feeding area of a sea buckthorn bush is at least 6 square meters, and if the variety is vigorous, then even more. It is better to plant the plants sparser, then they will not “climb up.”

The size of the planting hole depends on the size of the seedling; the main thing is that there is room for the roots and they do not bend after planting. The pit is prepared in a standard way: the top layer of earth is thrown in one direction, the bottom in the other. Superphosphate and humus are added to the hole, and clean soil from the top layer of soil is placed on top: the roots and fertilizers should not come into contact.

The peculiarity of sea buckthorn is that when planting, the seedling is placed strictly vertically, otherwise we will get an ugly bush with a comb-like crown, and fruiting will begin a year later.

Elizaveta Panteleeva

If you plant a seedling horizontally, the dormant buds will wake up, from which worms will grow, and the start of fruiting will be delayed for a year.

After planting, sea buckthorn seedlings.

When starting their experiments with sea buckthorn, scientists were afraid that it would not grow on black soil and that it needed sand. But the fears were not confirmed; sea buckthorn grows well and bears fruit on chernozems.

Elizaveta Panteleeva

Sometimes they write that sand should be added to the planting hole, but sea buckthorn roots will not sit in a hole 40x40 or even 70x70 cm, they will still leave there. Therefore, this technique does not help much.

Watering

After planting, watering is carried out - sufficient to wet the root layer.

Sea buckthorn responds well to watering, the main thing is not to water it over the leaves: firstly, this can cause the plant to catch a cold, and secondly, when we water any crop over the leaves, we give the opportunity for fungi to grow on them. Even Elizaveta Ivanovna recommends not to water over the leaves, but to make a groove and fill it with water. A young tree is watered quite often, and an adult plant - three times, but properly so as to wet the ground by 50-70 centimeters.

First watering: in early June, when the ovary begins to grow.

Second watering- in July.

Third watering- in August, when the fruit begins to fill.

Elizaveta Panteleeva

We had an experience when the snow melted in the surrounding gardens, and the sea buckthorn in our suburban area was flooded with water in a layer of 70 centimeters. All the water was absorbed, and the plants produced such a harvest that they could not contain it. If you water the sea buckthorn well, you don’t need to plant five bushes, the harvest will be such that two will be enough.

Why you shouldn’t break sea buckthorn

To plant sea buckthorn, you need to choose a place where it will not be covered with snow - it breaks under the weight of the snow, and this should not be allowed. Sea buckthorn bears fruit on last year's growth. What grew the year before will bear fruit this year, and next year’s harvest would be based on last year’s growth.

Thus, snowbreakers can deprive us of our harvest.

But why does sea buckthorn break so easily? The fact is that this crop, despite its winter hardiness, freezes easily, but its wood freezes. If you look at a cut of an old bush, you will see that all the wood rings, except the last one, are brown, only the very last one is white. Sea buckthorn survives due to the fact that it has a very active cambium: the wood freezes, a new layer grows, and so on. But because of this tendency to freeze, it is very fragile and, falling under a thick layer of snow, inevitably suffers from snowbreakers.

And just as snowbreakers reduce yields, so vice versa: the more growth, the greater the yield. Therefore, it is recommended to grow sea buckthorn as a bush. The bush has a wider crown, more annual growth and a larger yield.

In order to form a bush rather than a tree, plant the seedling deeper. If the soil is loose, you can dig even to a depth of 20 centimeters.

Rejuvenation

Sea buckthorn has false helical branching, renewal comes from the upper buds.

There is no longer any harvest on three-year-old sea buckthorn wood. Thanks to the growth, the crown rises annually by 15-20 centimeters; at the age of ten it is already two meters high. When it becomes difficult to harvest, rejuvenating pruning is done. In addition to all the above-mentioned features, sea buckthorn has one more: wounds on this plant are difficult to heal, and after pruning, there will be strong growths.

Elizaveta Panteleeva

Therefore, you cut off everything into three-year-old wood, leaving one side branch from the entire whorl. There will be a harvest on it - thus, you will not be left without berries, although you will collect less of them, and the fruiting branch will restrain the growth, and they will not be so huge.

Graft

Elizaveta Panteleeva

I know amateur gardeners well; they want to buy a new variety every year. But if you only have three acres, and it’s a shame to give up 6 square meters for a male plant that won’t bear fruit, plant three female plants and graft cuttings from a male one onto one bush.

When grafting, one must take into account one more biological feature of sea buckthorn: every year its individual branches dry out. In this way, the plant protects itself from thickening.

The side branches dry out over time, leaving the central, powerful and long ones to live. That's why they need to be vaccinated. But there is one more subtlety here: grafting male cuttings with well-developed buds is not always successful; in male sea buckthorn, energy is first spent on flowering, then it begins to produce leaves. Therefore, it is better to plant a male plant and re-graft it with a female one.

But this must be mandatory, and not a kidney. And one more thing: the cuts on the cutting and the branch on which you are grafting must match in length and width.

Propagation by green cuttings

The green cutting is the growth that has grown this year. It is cut off when the base of the shoot is in a semi-lignified state and the tip is still growing. This is determined this way: start bending the handle through your finger, and it will crack slightly.

Elizaveta Panteleeva

Don’t miss this moment; roots form worse on woody cuttings. The length of the cutting depends on the conditions in which you will root it. If there is the possibility of drip irrigation, which will turn on every 10 minutes, you can cut a cutting of 40 cm. If this is not possible, then no more than 15 cm. The lower leaves are removed, leaving 2-3 developed leaves.

Sea buckthorn takes root in about 10-15 days; before rooting, the leaves must be constantly moist. There should always be dew on the leaves! Once roots form, you no longer need to constantly wet the leaves.

The optimal time for planting cuttings is the flowering time of sea buckthorn. At this time, the soil is already warming up well. It is better to plant the cuttings on a dark film. If the film is light, earth is poured onto it, otherwise the weeds will lift the film and the seedling will burn.

Sea buckthorn pests

The only dangerous pest of sea buckthorn is sea buckthorn fly. It overwinters under the bushes and flies out when the sea buckthorn begins to color. The fly follows the smell, so if you plant strong-smelling lemon balm under the bushes, there will be fewer flies.

If you cover the plants with film in the spring, the fly simply will not be able to fly out.

If you move the mulch from under the bush with a rake in the fall, the fly larvae, which overwinter at a depth of 8-10 centimeters, may freeze out. By the way, in regions with frosty and little snowy winters there is no sea buckthorn fly.

Elizaveta Panteleeva is a leading Russian scientist in the field of fruit growing. She created the world's first non-thorny, large-fruited, sweet-fruited varieties of sea buckthorn. Author of 42 varieties that are known far beyond Altai, including Esel, Elizaveta, Inya, Altai, etc. Laureate of the USSR State Prize for the introduction of sea buckthorn into culture.

Reference

The history of the Siberian Horticulture Research Institute began in 1933, when Mikhail Lisavenko, with the support of Ivan Michurin, organized a fruit and berry stronghold of the Horticulture Research Institute in the city of Oirot-Tura (now Gorno-Altaisk). In 1973, a stronghold grew up in the Siberian Research Institute of Horticulture named after M.A. Lisavenko.

Sea buckthorn is capable of producing a bountiful harvest of very healthy berries every year. But in order to achieve maximum success, you need to know the rules of planting.

Each fruit crop has its own distinctive features to consider.

Proper planting of sea buckthorn in autumn and spring: determining the timing

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in the country in the spring, in which case the plant will have time to get stronger before the onset of cold weather.

Spring planting is usually carried out in late March - early April. It is during this period that the soil is sufficiently moistened and the shrub is at rest.

But for seedlings with a closed root system, autumn planting may be acceptable. Its timing varies from late September to early October. An important condition is a comfortable temperature of +4 degrees.

Sea buckthorn is planted after leaf fall so that the seedling can spend all its energy not on natural processes, but on taking root in a new place.

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in the spring, then the plant will have time to get stronger before the onset of cold weather.

If the deadline for planting the bush was missed, then the seedlings need to be buried in the ground so that they can overwinter for later cultivation. To do this, at the highest point of the site, dig a ditch 50-60 centimeters high and place the seedlings there.

The crown should lie in a southerly direction; this position will help avoid sunburn. Then the hole is filled with earth and watered thoroughly.

As soon as the cold weather sets in, the plant is completely buried in soil., leaving only the tips of the branches on the surface. To protect from rodents, such a structure is covered with spruce branches on top.

After snow appears, it is carefully compacted around the seedling to create additional protection. When planting several seedlings at once, Roots should not be allowed to tangle.

Advantages and disadvantages spring and autumn planting of sea buckthorn:

	pros	Minuses
Spring	when planting sea buckthorn in spring, the first harvest will appear a year earlier; the root system of the tree will have time to fully strengthen before the onset of cold weather, so there is less risk of death of the young; for spring planting work, you can prepare a hole in advance and it will have time to brew; this factor significantly affects the fertility of the soil, and therefore the future harvest; During this period, it is very easy to identify those plants that do not take root well in a new place and require additional care.	One of the main criteria when choosing a time for planting is the biological dormancy of the plant. In the spring, it is quite difficult to correctly determine the time so that the tree has time to adapt to a new place before the onset of sap flow; spring seedlings need to be looked after very carefully, protecting them from heat and drought; When buying a seedling in the spring, you will have to be content with a small assortment.
Autumn	In autumn there is a wide selection of seedlings; they can be assessed by the quality of foliage and other criteria that are not available in spring. Also, many sellers offer to try the fruits of the trees they sell; during this period, the price of planting material decreases significantly; in the fall you have to spend less time watering the plant and other care; Trees planted in autumn will begin to grow 2-3 weeks faster than in spring.	frosts have a detrimental effect on the root system of sea buckthorn, as well as the wind, which can easily break off young branches; in winter, the plant is very often attacked by rodents; a small sea buckthorn may not withstand the invasion of various animals.

Basic rules for autumn and spring planting bushes in the country

Many novice gardeners believe that there is no difference between spring and autumn planting and replanting of sea buckthorn. But it is worth remembering that these two procedures have significant differences, which consist in the following features and rules for seasonal planting.

For spring work adhere to the following recommendations:

Plants are planted before the onset of hot weather, so you should not rely on a pre-agreed framework. The gardener must carefully monitor the air temperature in the region and choose the most favorable period.
When planting, organic fertilizers, such as manure, are used.
Immediately after planting, young plants need careful care, which includes timely watering and protection from the scorching sun.
To speed up the growth of sea buckthorn, as well as the appearance of young shoots, you can use various growth activators.

There are significant differences and rules that must be followed between spring and autumn planting of sea buckthorn

During autumn work adhere to the following rules:

Particular attention should be paid to checking the condition of the root system of the seedling. Sick plants most likely will not be able to take root in a new place.
If the planting dates were missed and cold weather set in, then sea buckthorn is added dropwise until spring arrives.
During this period, manure should not be used as fertilizer, as it can damage the roots of the plant.
In order for the tree to survive the winter, it must be carefully covered using various available means, such as spruce branches, paper, film, blankets, snow, etc.
To protect from the wind, sea buckthorn is tied to a peg, which will serve as support and protection.

Selection and preparation of soil and seedlings for cultivation

When purchasing a sea buckthorn seedling, you need to pay attention to its root system and crown. They should be free of mechanical damage and signs of disease.

To obtain varietal planting material, it is best to choose a seedling obtained after grafting. Sea buckthorn grown from seeds or obtained using root shoots most often does not inherit the characteristics of the parent plants.

In order for the plant to absorb atmospheric nitrogen, nodules may form on its roots. Such growths are natural for sea buckthorn and should not be removed!

In order to get a harvest of sea buckthorn, it is worth remembering that she needs an additional pollinator in the form of a male variety the same culture. The most popular of them are Alei and Gnome.

There are several signs, by which you can determine the sex of the plant:

the male plant has large buds with 5-7 scales;
The female plant has elongated buds with 2-3 scales.

How to distinguish male and female sea buckthorn trees:

Before planting, seedlings must be prepared:

in the autumn, all foliage is removed;
before planting, the roots of the seedling are dipped in clay mash;
if the root system has dried out, it needs to be moistened by placing it in a container of water for about 2-3 hours.

Choosing a place to plant this tree

Every culture has its own preferences regarding the habitat. Important factors may be soil composition, climatic conditions, etc.:

The natural habitat of sea buckthorn is sandy or pebble soils on the shore of a reservoir;
prefers neutral or alkaline soils;
this crop has good drought resistance, but timely soil moisture will contribute to a good harvest;
unacceptably high groundwater levels;
sea buckthorn loves sunlight very much; shade can adversely affect the health and fruiting of the plant;
strong winds also have a detrimental effect, so most often gardeners choose the south side of the site;
such a culture does not tolerate proximity to other plants due to its spreading root system, which is buried only 30-40 centimeters, but can reach several meters in diameter. Therefore, the edge of the plot, the area along the fence or buildings are usually allocated for sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn prefers neutral or alkaline soils and does not tolerate proximity to other plants.

How to plant in open ground

Regardless of the landing time, the hole for the seedling must be prepared in advance. For the spring period, preparation is carried out in the fall, and for the autumn period, about a month before the start of work.

In this case, the soil will have time to infuse and become more nutritious and fertile.

The depth and width of the pit should be 40-50 centimeters. When digging it up, the top (fertile) and bottom layers of soil are folded separately.

Then fertile soil mixed with:

1 bucket of humus;
1 bucket of river sand;
200 grams of superphosphate;
800 grams of wood ash.

When carrying out work on planting sea buckthorn, you need to act very carefully so as not to damage the fragile root system of the plant.

during planting, the seedling is carefully placed in the hole, after which it must be sprinkled with earth;
the root collar should be 5-7 centimeters above ground level;
at the final stage, the soil around the plant is watered abundantly and mulched with peat or sawdust.

Buy sea buckthorn seedlings with a lump of earth; when planting, try not to damage the root system of the plant

In the first 2-3 years after planting, sea buckthorn does not require additional fertilizers., at this stage it will have enough of the nutrients that were added during planting.

One of the most important factors is soil moisture, so The gardener must ensure that the soil does not dry out, and so that moisture does not stagnate in it.

A young tree like never before Need help fighting insects and rodents. The use of chemicals can affect the quality of the fruit, so it is preferable to use various biological additives or mechanical means in the form of special traps.

In the first years of life, you need to help the plant form the correct crown shape. To do this, remove branches that grow in the wrong direction, and also cut off diseased or dry shoots. This procedure is carried out in the spring, before buds form, or in the fall, after leaf fall.

Features and care of sea buckthorn:

Sea buckthorn requires the most careful pruning in the 4th-5th year of life.. At this time, the plant is actively growing, so it is very important to correctly form its crown.

For this early spring, before the first buds appear remove shoots that grow parallel to the trunk; it is also necessary to cut off fruiting branches, because an excessive number of berries on a tree can negatively affect its development and growth.

Another type of pruning is called sanitary pruning. It is usually carried out in autumn, after leaf fall. During this procedure, the following work is performed:

remove all dry and diseased branches, also clean the plant of dry leaves or dried, uncollected fruits;
all cutting areas must be treated with garden varnish;
If a fungus is detected, it is cut off and the affected area is treated with antiseptics.

How to properly trim and shape sea buckthorn in the garden:

How to replant: simple rules for replanting shrubs

The rules for transplanting sea buckthorn are not much different from the initial planting plants. The most preferable time is spring to replant the plant, but autumn may also be suitable for this procedure.

In the spring, the tree will be able to quickly get used to the new environment and recover from the work carried out, but in the fall (especially in the Urals and Siberia) there is a risk of sea buckthorn freezing due to lack of time for establishment.

Considering the structural features of the root system of such a tree, many gardeners recommend not replanting an adult sea buckthorn at all, because there is a high risk of damaging its roots.

Despite the fact that sea buckthorn is one of the healthiest berries, many gardeners grow such a tree or shrub for decorative purposes.

From this we can conclude that sea buckthorn not only produces fruits rich in chemical composition, but is also a decoration for any area.

Sea buckthorn is a plant whose name is directly related to the peculiarity of the fruits, literally “clinging” to the branches, clinging closely to them. Gardeners are attracted to sea buckthorn by its fruits, the beneficial properties of which have been proven and tested by time. Planted in a garden plot, it will delight both with its appearance, adding diversity to the landscape, and with fruiting for many years, providing vitamins all year round.

Growing sea buckthorn

The time for planting sea buckthorn depends on the availability of planting material, weather conditions, and the readiness of the site. The best planting option is considered to be in the spring - the last days of March or the beginning of April, when the soil has already thawed well. Over the summer, the plant will get stronger and be ready for the onset of cold weather.

Autumn planting should take place at the end of September - beginning of October at a temperature not lower than +4° after the leaves have completely dropped - then all the strength of the seedling will be used to strengthen the root system before winter.

It happens that you purchased seedlings for planting, but missed the time. Then you can save them until spring in a trench 50-60 cm deep dug at the highest point of the site. Carefully lay the trees with their crown facing south, straighten the roots, sprinkle with soil and water. You can bury the plant completely, leaving only the tips of the branches outside, after constant low temperatures have been established. Throw spruce branches on top - it will protect against mice. Snow, as it accumulates, is compacted near the trench.

When is the best time to plant: autumn or spring

After analyzing your capabilities, the benefits and disadvantages of planting sea buckthorn seedlings in spring and autumn, you can decide on the timing.

Season

Advantages

Flaws

Spring

· fruiting begins a year earlier;

· before the cold weather, the roots are well strengthened;

· the pit can be prepared in the fall so that it can sit - this is important for soil fertility;

· it is possible to monitor weak, stunted plants and take appropriate measures.

· it can be difficult to determine the time when sap flow begins in a plant in order to plant before this time;

· requires certain care and protection from sunlight, summer heat and drought;

· in spring there is not always a large selection of seedlings to choose from.

Autumn

· when purchasing planting material, you can assess its condition by the quality of the foliage, you can taste and examine the fruits;

· prices for seedlings are much lower than in spring;

· autumn care is simpler - less and less frequent watering, no need to protect from sunburn;

· autumn seedlings begin to grow 2-3 weeks earlier.

· winter cold can negatively affect the root system, and cold winds can damage weak branches;

· In winter, plants are exposed to rodent attacks.

Features of growing male and female sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant - it contains either female or male flowers. Female bushes bear fruit, and the role of male bushes is to produce pollen and pollinate female flowers. Pollen transfer occurs in windy weather.

On a note!

The male plant blooms for 6-12 days. When you shake a branch with male flowers, you may notice a cloud of pollen.

It is almost impossible to distinguish between male and female plants by their appearance. To find visual differences, you need to take plants at the age of 2-3 years and carry out the determination in the fall, when the buds are already formed, or in the spring, when they swell. In young bushes, only vegetative buds are present (leaves grow from them) and the gender of the plant cannot be determined.

Signs of male and female sea buckthorn:

male and female young seedlings of the same age have different bush sizes - the male ones are larger, then the female ones outgrow them and become larger;
in female sea buckthorn, the generative buds (flowers grow from them) are much smaller and covered with two large scales, male buds are 3 times larger and the scales (5-10) have different sizes - they look like small cones;
flowers on female bushes, located in the axils, are yellow in color, collected in bunches of 3-11 small flowers, on male bushes the flowers are greenish-silver;
the leaves on the female plant are green during maturity, while on the male bush they are grayish-gray in color;
on the male plant, the leaves have an even contour, in the center they are turned outward, and the female leaves are concave inward, like a trough.

To pollinate 5-6 female bushes, 1 male plant is enough, even if it is located in a neighboring area at a distance of 50m -100m.

In the absence of males in sea buckthorn plantings, it is recommended to graft male branches onto a female bush. In nurseries, this procedure is carried out with plants going for sale.

How to select and prepare seedlings for planting

Seedlings for planting should be selected from zoned varieties. Sea buckthorn is characterized by a short period of winter dormancy (it is ready to grow in December-January), so varieties zoned for regions with cold winters will not survive the change of thaw and frost in areas with a warmer climate.

For planting, you should choose grafted plants with a strong root system without damage or signs of disease, with a well-developed crown. When purchasing a seedling, you should inquire about the source material for its cultivation - one obtained from seeds or root shoots may not convey the characteristics of the variety, while one grown from cuttings conveys the sex of an already known mother plant. An overdeveloped crown occurs in seedlings grown from root shoots, while plants obtained from cuttings are smaller in size and more stocky.

On a note!

Sometimes on the rhizomes you can see formations - nodules. There is no need to cut them - they are needed to absorb nitrogen from the air.

Preparing a seedling for planting:

remove leaves in autumn;
dip the roots in liquid mash (clay + water);
Place the seedlings with their roots in water for 2-3 hours.

Selecting a location

Sea buckthorn prefers sunny areas with dry soils (sandy, pebbly) of neutral or alkaline acidity. In shaded areas, the berries grow smaller and less tasty. Closely located groundwater leads to rotting of roots or their poor development.

If possible, it is best to plant sea buckthorn in a place protected from the wind on the south side of the building, near the fence, but not in the shade. It should also be taken into account that the roots of sea buckthorn grow over several meters and are buried shallowly (30-40 cm), so proximity to any plants is undesirable for it.

Planting in open ground and soil preparation

The planting site is prepared in advance: in the fall for spring plantings, for autumn plantings - a month before them. This allows the soil to be saturated with fertilizers and nutrients.

Landing rules:

Dig holes measuring 50x50x50cm, putting soil from the bottom and top layers into different piles.
Place drainage material (brick chips, small pebbles) in a layer on the bottom.
Add humus (1 bucket), river sand (1 bucket), superphosphate (200g), wood ash (800g) to the removed top layer of soil and mix.
Place the seedling in a hole, straighten the roots and cover with soil, leaving the root collar 5-7 cm above the ground. At the same time, dig in a peg for the garter.
Form a hole around the stem, water it generously, cover the soil with mulch (peat, sawdust) after absorbing moisture.

Caring for young plantings and adult plants

Planted young trees need to be watered regularly without over-wetting the soil. A young bush requires 30-40 liters of water per 1 m² in the absence of rain, an adult plant - 60-80 liters. Be sure to loosen the wet soil, not going deeper than 5-7cm near the trunk and not more than 12cm on the rest of the surface. The procedure must be carried out carefully - the roots are located close, and a shoot will quickly grow at the site of damage, clogging the area.

Young plants require weeding, otherwise weeds will quickly overtake the plantings and destroy fragile bushes, robbing them of nutrition and moisture. To protect against weeds, the soil can be covered with a dark covering material or film.

Near young bushes (1-2 years), be sure to fertilize the soil in the tree trunk circle in early spring - 0.5-1 bucket of humus + 2-4 tbsp. l. nitrophoska per 1m². In the future, due to the strong growth of roots, it is not necessary to fertilize the tree trunk circle. You can feed mature bushes with organic matter, sprinkling humus around the tree, or with mineral fertilizers every three years.

Trimming

In the spring, before the buds open, and in the fall, after the leaves fall, dry and crooked branches and shoot tips of young sea buckthorn need to be cut off to form a crown.

At the age of 4-5 years, when the bush grows most actively, pruning should be done especially carefully so that the crown is formed correctly.

In the spring, trim the shoots growing parallel to the trunk, the branches that bear fruit, and reduce the crown to make it easier to pick berries in the fall. Many gardeners, contrary to the advice to prune before the buds open, do it when the buds are well swollen, explaining this by the fact that dried and diseased branches are clearly visible. The harvest, they claim, does not suffer.

On a note!

In a male bush, to reduce the height of the crown in the spring, remove the tops of the shoots, cut off dry, broken branches that rub against each other. Cut shoots growing in the center until they branch to a convenient height. The male plant may not be pruned, but then it will spoil the appearance of the plantings.

Autumn pruning is called sanitary pruning: remove dry and diseased branches, also cut off areas affected by fungus and treat with an antiseptic. At the same time, remove dry leaves and unharvested dried berries.

Information!

It is convenient to cut off the branches covered with berries completely and freeze them.

Sea buckthorn transplant

It is better to carry it out in the spring to avoid the risk of freezing. A plant aged 2-3 years can easily tolerate transplantation, but an adult plant may die. But, if necessary, autumn transplantation is also possible.

How to replant:

rake the soil away from the trunk and expose the roots, determining which of them is the mother;
trim the main root, leaving 20-30cm;
plant as a seedling.

Sea buckthorn propagation

Sea buckthorn can be propagated by layering, dividing the bush, root suckers, lignified cuttings, choosing the most suitable method.

By layering

In the fall, bend the lowest branch, fix it, cover it with soil on top, and water it. Leave the top of the branch free. In the spring, remove the attached branch from the ground and cut it into pieces - they will be used as seedlings.

Dividing the bush

Remove all old branches from a completely dug up bush, leaving only young ones. Divide the bush, trying to keep the roots intact and leaving 1-2 shoots in each part.

Root suckers

Sea buckthorn shoots are obtained by injuring the roots with a shovel. Shoots will appear at the site of damage; they need to be watered and hilled. In the spring, rake away the soil from them, disconnect the offspring and plant them in pre-prepared holes.

Lignified cuttings

In the fall, bury thick (5 mm) strong cuttings in the snow, and in the spring cut them into pieces 20 cm long. Then fill them with water until buds and roots appear - this will take about two weeks. Plant the cuttings in autumn-fertilized soil (1 bucket of humus per 1 m²) and warmed to 5°C, leaving a few buds on the surface.

Information!

Seedlings with roots 20cm long, stem height 50cm and neck thickness 8mm can be transplanted to a permanent location.

Diseases and pests of sea buckthorn

The infections to which sea buckthorn is susceptible are of a fungal nature: endomycosis, scab, fusarium wilt.

Prevention of fungal infections:

after flowering, spray the plant with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (1%);
remove affected areas of the stem, leaves, flowers, fruits;
sanitary pruning of dry and diseased branches in autumn;
thin out the plant by removing shoots;
removal of uncollected dried fruits and dry leaves;
Before buds open, treat with nitrophen solution (3%).

Pests that can harm sea buckthorn: sea buckthorn fly, moth, aphid, spider mite.

Control and prevention measures:

loosening the soil under the bushes;
application of insecticides against sea buckthorn fly - Karbofos, Calypso;
use drugs - acaricides against ticks - Fitoverm, Actellik;
for moths use Confidor, Initiator;
spray the bushes at the moment of bud break with biological preparations - Entobakgerin, Lepidocid.

With proper cultivation and care, sea buckthorn will bear fruit for a long time, giving a good harvest every year.

Male and female

Video from the Garden World website

Selection of seedlings

How many trees do you need?

How to choose correctly

When to plant - planting dates

Landing place

Soil preparation

Reducing acidity

Fertilizing the soil

Caring for an adult tree

Trimming

Watering

Feeding

Protection from diseases

Reproduction

Overgrowth

By layering

Seeds

Sea buckthorn sprout from seeds

Cuttings

Varieties

With the highest proportion of oil.
Content of carotenoids.
Winter-hardy variety.

Daurskaya

Altai

Darling

Delicious and healthy berries!

Sea buckthorn is a shrub of the Sucker family, mainly growing along the banks of rivers and lakes. It can also grow high in the mountains. It was used for treatment back in Ancient Greece. Then it was undeservedly forgotten. But now sea buckthorn is becoming popular again. It has been grown in Russia since the 19th century; varietal plants appeared only in the 30s of the last century.

If the question arises about how to properly plant sea buckthorn, it means that the gardener has already made the right decision: this useful shrub is necessary on the site.

You immediately need to decide on botanical terminology: sea buckthorn can be called both a tree and a shrub. And now more about

Growing sea buckthorn - proper planting and care

Male and female

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant. This means that there are male and female trees. When choosing seedlings for planting, this circumstance must be taken into account first. You won’t be able to tell the ladies from the gentlemen on your own. This can be done during the formation of flower buds - on male plants they are much larger.

On the left are male buds, on the right is a branch of a female tree.

Female buds are not only half the size, but they also have only 2 covering scales, while male buds have 5-6 scales.

If one fruit-bearing tree on a plot is enough, you will still have to plant two: a female and a male. For more plants, the sex ratio looks like this: one male to three females. After planting, sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit in 4-6 years.

Video from the Garden World website

If you are still in doubt which tree is male and which is female, watch this video.

Selection of seedlings

How many trees do you need?

For a family of 4 – 5 people, 3 fruit-bearing trees are quite enough. This means you need to buy 1 male tree and 3 female trees.

This means the constant year-round presence of this product in the diet in various forms: jelly, jam, juice, butter, fresh frozen berries, compotes.

How to choose correctly

The main rule when buying seedlings, both sea buckthorn and other plants, is not to buy from random sellers.

A standard seedling has 4–6 skeletal roots about 20 cm long; a trunk with a diameter of approximately 7-9 mm and several shoots.

There should be no scratches, wrinkled areas or characteristic pronounced darkening on the bark, indicating frozen planting material.

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, root shoots and cuttings. The best purchased planting material is cuttings.

It is quite difficult for an inexperienced gardener to determine the type of origin. If you look closely at a seedling from the root shoots, you will notice that its upper part is more developed than its lower part.

This only applies to female plants. The properties of the male plant do not affect the quality of the fruit. Therefore, you can borrow them from friends or neighbors. The main thing is not to make a mistake with the gender and not to confuse it. The shoots appear quite far from the mother tree. And if two plants grow side by side, then the female can be mistaken for male.

When choosing sea buckthorn, you need to give preference to zoned varieties, that is, those that were grown for a specific climatic zone.

Varieties that grow well, for example, in Altai, will bear fruit poorly in the Northwestern part of Russia, where the climate is unstable and thaws can be replaced by frosts.

As already mentioned, sea buckthorn wakes up very quickly after winter. In other words, it is very sensitive to thaws. Therefore, a plant that is intended for Siberia reacts differently to warming than a variety for a humid coastal climate.

The best option for purchasing the right seedlings is to choose a nursery with a good reputation and trust the advice of experienced specialists.

When to plant - planting dates

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in early spring. Over the summer, the seedling will strengthen its roots, grow stronger and overwinter well.

When planting in the fall, plants may not take root for two reasons:

the seedling is weak and may not survive frosts;
sea buckthorn reacts very quickly with growth to high temperatures, therefore, in the event of an unexpected thaw, it will begin the growing season ahead of time and die with further cooling.

Read how to grow Japanese quince on a plot

Landing place

The root system of sea buckthorn has its own characteristics: the roots grow in width, reaching a distance of up to 5 meters from the mother tree. At the same time, they lie only 15–20 cm deep in the soil. When choosing a place for a plant, this circumstance must be taken into account first.

It is better to plant the shrub away from the place where you plan to dig up the earth. Otherwise, you can damage the roots, which will reduce fruiting and even kill the tree. In addition, intensive loosening of the soil in the area of the sea buckthorn root system causes abundant growth of shoots, which makes the tree weak.

The best places for shrubs are along the perimeter of the site, in the farthest corners, where there are no plans to plant vegetables.

Sea buckthorn is a light-loving tree. Therefore, it is advisable that the shadow from outbuildings does not fall on the bushes. Considering the small areas of household plots, choosing such a place is not easy. You need to carefully observe where the sun is at one time or another and choose the best planting option.

Soil preparation

You need to prepare the soil for sea buckthorn in the fall.

Reducing acidity

The ground where the tree will grow must be leveled. Distribute slaked lime at a rate of 250-400 g/m2 over the surface and dig up. Under trees and shrubs, the soil is always turned over onto the tip of the shovel.

10-15 days after these activities, fertilizers can be applied.

Fertilizing the soil

Sea buckthorn needs organic fertilizers - humus, compost and manure.

From minerals, you can add superphosphate or complex additives. Such fertilizers are sold in ready-made combinations in specialized stores with instructions for use.

If the soil is heavy, which often happens in clay areas, then it is good to add sand at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 m2.

Fertilizers can be placed over the entire area of the intended planting or specifically in the holes for each tree. The distance between the recesses is 2 m. This option is much more economical than distribution over the entire site.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly

Make holes at a distance of at least 2.5 m from each other in one row. If there are many trees and there will be several rows, then there should be at least 3 m between the rows.

Dig holes about 30–40 cm deep and about 50 cm in diameter.

Build a small mound in the hole and plant a plant on the top of this mound. Distribute the roots carefully along the slopes and sprinkle with soil up to the root collar of the plant.

Set up a tree-trunk circle (about 70 cm in diameter) around the seedling, into which pour water at the rate of 2 buckets per hole.

Mulch the ground with peat or humus to retain moisture.

How to care for a young tree

A young plant does not require special care. Everything you need is included in the hole when planting, so there is no need to fertilize the soil in the first year. Apply nitrogen fertilizers every other year.

Loosen the soil in the tree trunk carefully to a depth of no more than 5 cm. This is done to remove weeds and enrich the root system with oxygen.

Crown pruning of young plants is not done.

Caring for an adult tree

Trimming

Mature trees begin to be pruned three to four years after planting. Remove dry and broken branches. After 7 years, anti-aging pruning can be done.

You can shape the crown of annual bushes by trimming the top.

Watering

If the spring is dry, water the trees before flowering. For watering, pour 3-4 buckets per plant. And adult plants require 6-7 buckets of water.

Sea buckthorn loves moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water. In hot weather, water thoroughly, but do not allow it to become swampy.

In autumn, watering increases by one and a half times - for full fruiting next year you need good moisture-recharging watering.

Feeding

Once every 3 years, add humus to the soil at the rate of 1 bucket and a glass of ash per 1 m2 of tree trunk circle.

Protection from diseases

As you know, diseases are easier to prevent than to treat. In early spring, before flowering and in autumn, after harvesting, the bushes are sprayed with a three percent solution of copper sulfate. You can also treat the branches with a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture to prevent diseases.

If pests appear on the trees while the berries are ripening, then you need to spray them once a week with an infusion of ash or the Fitoverm preparation.

You can use herbal infusions to control pests using folk remedies.

Reproduction

Overgrowth

This is the easiest way to propagate sea buckthorn.

At the age of 4 years, the tree produces root shoots from which seedlings can be grown.

With the onset of spring, you need to cut off a sprout from the mother tree with a shovel, dig a hole, cover it with earth, watering it periodically. By autumn, the seedling will have its own root system and can be planted in a permanent place of growth.

It is important to remember here that the offspring does not retain the properties of the tree from which it was separated.

If you want to experiment with shoots and don’t want to wait for the babies to appear on their own, you can speed up the process. To do this, you need to find a skeletal root in the ground and cut it close to the tree. Leave the cut open on the outside. After some time, sprouts will form in this place, on which roots will appear.

The shoots need to be separated from the mother a year before transplantation and can be planted in the spring.

This property of sea buckthorn saves it from freezing. If suddenly your sea buckthorn is frozen, then simply saw it off and wait until it grows back from the root.

By layering

Reproduction by layering is quite simple.

In this case, it is better to take the mother plant short and young. One of the lower branches needs to be bent to the ground and sprinkled. Place an object on top to prevent the process from returning to its original position. This should be done in early spring. By autumn, the branch will give roots and it can be separated from the mother and planted immediately, or wait until spring.

Seeds

At the beginning of autumn, ordinary beds are made, as for vegetables, with fertilizers and the addition of sand. Furrows about 2 cm deep are constructed. The earth is compacted tightly in them.

With the onset of the first frost, the seeds are placed in grooves at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from each other. Then they are carefully covered with humus to a layer thickness of at least 1 cm.

Sea buckthorn sprout from seeds

Can be planted in spring. In this case, you must first soak the seeds in water at a temperature of +25 degrees and wait about a week. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground when the soil has warmed to a depth of 3–5 cm. And only after 2 years can the seedlings be planted in a permanent place.

Cuttings

This is done in late autumn or early spring. Annual shoots are cut from trees at the age of 4-5 years and stored in compliance with the temperature regime from 0 to +2 degrees.

At the very beginning of spring, cuttings are cut to a length of about 20 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm.

Collect the trimmings in a bundle, tie them and place them in water for several days. After this, plant them in the beds with their buds up.

In the fall, the plant will be quite suitable for planting in a permanent place. But it's better to wait until spring.

How to grow barberry on the plot

Varieties

To navigate the varieties, you need to decide what you would like. At the nursery, you can voice your wishes using the following search criteria:

A variety for a specific region or climate zone.
Richest in vitamin C content.
Sea buckthorn with high yield.
With the highest proportion of oil.
Content of carotenoids.
Winter-hardy variety.
With the best taste.

There are more than 60 varieties officially registered in the state register.

Canadian sea buckthorn or shepherdia

This shrub cannot be called sea buckthorn, although it is also from the sucker family and is very similar to the usual plant in appearance and properties.

A tree about 7 meters high with a wide crown. Dioecious plant, like sea buckthorn.

The berries are small, 5 mm in diameter, but very aromatic. A bit similar to red currants in appearance and taste.

Daurskaya

Low shrub about 3 meters. Frost-resistant. Unlike many other varieties, it does not have thorns. Gives a very high yield of berries.

Requires care. Does not tolerate weeds or other trees nearby.

If the site has heavy soil or stagnant water, it will not grow.

Altai

Very good for growing in Western Siberia. The name itself speaks about its regional affiliation. Few thorns. The berries are oval, bright orange, sweet. Easy to assemble.

Darling

This variety grows well in the Urals and the Central region of Russia. Medium-prickly. The fruits are orange, oval, with dense skin. The taste is moderately sour. Very fragrant. High yield. Winters well.

Useful video about the features of growing sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a wonderful and useful shrub and easily grows and reproduces. Grow on your plots and do not forget about proper care.

Delicious and healthy berries!

If the question arises about how to properly plant sea buckthorn, it means that the gardener has already made the right decision: this useful shrub is necessary on the site.

You immediately need to decide on botanical terminology: sea buckthorn can be called both a tree and a shrub. And now more about

1 Growing sea buckthorn - proper planting and care
- 1.1 Male and female
- 1.2 Video from the Garden World website
- 1.3 Selecting a seedling
- 1.4 When to plant - planting dates
- 1.5 Landing location
- 1.6 Soil preparation
- 1.7 How to plant sea buckthorn correctly
- 1.8 How to care for a young tree
- 1.9 Caring for an adult tree
  - 1.9.1 Trimming
  - 1.9.2 Watering
  - 1.9.3 Feeding
  - 1.9.4 Protection from diseases
- 1.10 Reproduction
  - 1.10.1 Overgrowth
  - 1.10.2 Layering
  - 1.10.3 Seeds
  - 1.10.4 Cuttings
- 1.11 Varieties
  - 1.11.1 Canadian sea buckthorn or shepherdia
  - 1.11.2 Daurskaya
  - 1.11.3 Altai
  - 1.11.4 Favorite
- 1.12 Useful video about the peculiarities of growing sea buckthorn

Growing sea buckthorn - proper planting and care

Male and female

On the left are male buds, on the right is a branch of a female tree.

Female buds are not only half the size, but they also have only 2 covering scales, while male buds have 5-6 scales.

Video from the Garden World website

If you are still in doubt which tree is male and which is female, watch this video.

Selection of seedlings

How many trees do you need?

For a family of 4 – 5 people, 3 fruit-bearing trees are quite enough. This means you need to buy 1 male tree and 3 female trees.

This means the constant year-round presence of this product in the diet in various forms: jelly, jam, juice, butter, fresh frozen berries, compotes.

How to choose correctly

The main rule when buying seedlings, both sea buckthorn and other plants, is not to buy from random sellers. A standard seedling has 4–6 skeletal roots about 20 cm long; a trunk with a diameter of approximately 7-9 mm and several shoots.

There should be no scratches, wrinkled areas or characteristic pronounced darkening on the bark, indicating frozen planting material.

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, root shoots and cuttings. The best purchased planting material is cuttings.

When choosing sea buckthorn, you need to give preference to zoned varieties, that is, those that were grown for a specific climatic zone.

Varieties that grow well, for example, in Altai, will bear fruit poorly in the Northwestern part of Russia, where the climate is unstable and thaws can be replaced by frosts.

The best option for purchasing the right seedlings is to choose a nursery with a good reputation and trust the advice of experienced specialists.

When to plant - planting dates

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in early spring. Over the summer, the seedling will strengthen its roots, grow stronger and overwinter well.

When planting in the fall, plants may not take root for two reasons:

the seedling is weak and may not survive frosts;
sea buckthorn reacts very quickly with growth to high temperatures, therefore, in the event of an unexpected thaw, it will begin the growing season ahead of time and die with further cooling.

Read how to grow Japanese quince on a plot

Landing place

The best places for shrubs are along the perimeter of the site, in the farthest corners, where there are no plans to plant vegetables.

Soil preparation

You need to prepare the soil for sea buckthorn in the fall.

Reducing acidity

10-15 days after these activities, fertilizers can be applied.

Fertilizing the soil

Sea buckthorn needs organic fertilizers - humus, compost and manure.

From minerals, you can add superphosphate or complex additives. Such fertilizers are sold in ready-made combinations in specialized stores with instructions for use.

If the soil is heavy, which often happens in clay areas, then it is good to add sand at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 m2.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly

Make holes at a distance of at least 2.5 m from each other in one row. If there are many trees and there are several rows, then there should be at least 3 m between the rows. Dig holes about 30–40 cm deep and about 50 cm in diameter. Build a small mound in the hole and plant a plant on the top of this hill. Distribute the roots carefully along the slopes and sprinkle with soil up to the root collar of the plant. Set up a tree-trunk circle (about 70 cm in diameter) around the seedling, into which pour water at the rate of 2 buckets per hole. Mulch the ground with peat or humus to retain moisture.

How to care for a young tree

Loosen the soil in the tree trunk carefully to a depth of no more than 5 cm. This is done to remove weeds and enrich the root system with oxygen.

Crown pruning of young plants is not done.

Caring for an adult tree

Mature trees begin to be pruned three to four years after planting. Remove dry and broken branches. After 7 years, anti-aging pruning can be done.

You can shape the crown of annual bushes by trimming the top.

If the spring is dry, water the trees before flowering. For watering, pour 3-4 buckets per plant. And adult plants require 6-7 buckets of water.

Sea buckthorn loves moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water. In hot weather, water thoroughly, but do not allow it to become swampy.

In autumn, watering increases by one and a half times - for full fruiting next year you need good moisture-recharging watering.

Feeding

Once every 3 years, add humus to the soil at the rate of 1 bucket and a glass of ash per 1 m2 of tree trunk circle.

Protection from diseases

If pests appear on the trees while the berries are ripening, then you need to spray them once a week with an infusion of ash or the Fitoverm preparation.

You can use herbal infusions to control pests using folk remedies.

Reproduction

Overgrowth

This is the easiest way to propagate sea buckthorn.

At the age of 4 years, the tree produces root shoots from which seedlings can be grown.

It is important to remember here that the offspring does not retain the properties of the tree from which it was separated.

The shoots need to be separated from the mother a year before transplantation and can be planted in the spring.

This property of sea buckthorn saves it from freezing. If suddenly your sea buckthorn is frozen, then simply saw it off and wait until it grows back from the root.

By layering

Reproduction by layering is quite simple.

Seeds

At the beginning of autumn, ordinary beds are made, as for vegetables, with fertilizers and the addition of sand. Furrows about 2 cm deep are constructed. The earth is compacted tightly in them.

With the onset of the first frost, the seeds are placed in grooves at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from each other. Then they are carefully covered with humus to a layer thickness of at least 1 cm.

Sea buckthorn sprout from seeds

Cuttings

This is done in late autumn or early spring. Annual shoots are cut from trees at the age of 4-5 years and stored in compliance with the temperature regime from 0 to +2 degrees.

At the very beginning of spring, cuttings are cut to a length of about 20 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm.

Collect the trimmings in a bundle, tie them and place them in water for several days. After this, plant them in the beds with their buds up.

In the fall, the plant will be quite suitable for planting in a permanent place. But it's better to wait until spring.

How to grow barberry on the plot

Varieties

To navigate the varieties, you need to decide what you would like. At the nursery, you can voice your wishes using the following search criteria:

A variety for a specific region or climate zone. The richest in vitamin C content. Sea buckthorn with high yield. With the highest proportion of oil. Content of carotenoids. Winter-hardy variety. With the best taste.

There are more than 60 varieties officially registered in the state register.

Canadian sea buckthorn or shepherdia

This shrub cannot be called sea buckthorn, although it is also from the sucker family and is very similar to the usual plant in appearance and properties.

A tree about 7 meters high with a wide crown. Dioecious plant, like sea buckthorn.

The berries are small, 5 mm in diameter, but very aromatic. A bit similar to red currants in appearance and taste.

Daurskaya

Low shrub about 3 meters. Frost-resistant. Unlike many other varieties, it does not have thorns. Gives a very high yield of berries.

Requires care. Does not tolerate weeds or other trees nearby.

If the site has heavy soil or stagnant water, it will not grow.

Altai

Very good for growing in Western Siberia. The name itself speaks about its regional affiliation. Few thorns. The berries are oval, bright orange, sweet. Easy to assemble.

Useful video about the features of growing sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a wonderful and useful shrub and easily grows and reproduces. Grow on your plots and do not forget about proper care.

Delicious and healthy berries!

This wonderful shrub grows almost everywhere. But we Siberians consider him ours, dear. Today we will talk about a useful plant, sea buckthorn, its planting, cultivation, care, propagation and varieties.

Shrub of the sucker family, from 1.5 to 3 meters in height, depending on the variety. With prickly thorns, especially in wild animals. The leaves are long and thin, grayish-green in color, the flowers bloom inconspicuously and inconspicuously. But when the berries appear, from light yellow to purple-red, clinging to the branches and causing them to bend to the ground, the spectacle is magnificent.

Not everyone likes the sweet and sour taste of aromatic berries. But they contain such a supply of vitamins, they are a real green doctor who literally saves lives. The famous sea buckthorn oil is used in medicine and cosmetology. And delicious compotes, jams and jellies. How nice it is to pamper yourself in winter.

Like all fruit and berry shrubs, sea buckthorn can be planted in both autumn and spring. Before landing, you need to know a few features so as not to get into trouble later:

Purchase varietal sea buckthorn from a nursery in your climate zone. The zoned variety will grow and bear fruit better.
Do not purchase seedlings secondhand from dubious gardeners. They can easily slip you a “game”. Its berries are sour and it is usually very prickly.
Sea buckthorn is a dioecious shrub, that is, it has female and male trees. So you need to purchase seedlings of both sexes. They can be distinguished by their buds; female buds are smaller and have two integumentary scales; male buds are larger and have from 5 to 7 scales.
The shrub has very spreading, long roots that are located shallow to the surface. Therefore, in order not to damage them, choose a separate place where you do not plan to grow anything.

Landing location

The shrub develops well and bears fruit in sunny places. Set aside a space for planting where the soil will not be cultivated. Long, tens of meters, rope roots are very sensitive to damage.

Light loam is perfect for the plant. The planting site can be prepared in advance; if planting is planned in the spring, then in the fall add 5 liters of sand and humus, double superphosphate, and, if necessary for acidic soils, lime for each square meter. To make it more economical, this entire mixture can be added to the holes before planting.

The shrub is pollinated by the wind, so place female plants on the leeward side. The distance between bushes should be from 2.5 to 3 meters.

Spring or autumn?

Spring is still preferable for planting. The plant has a very short dormant period and can wake up at the slightest winter warming, but in the fall the roots that have not had time to take root in the new place are still weak and the bush may freeze.

How to plant sea buckthorn

The hole is dug 50x50x50, taking into account that a mixture of sand with humus and fertilizer will be placed at the bottom. It is also worth adding half a glass of wood ash, mix everything well. Make a small mound at the bottom so that the roots can spread out when planting.

If the soil is light, the plant will shrink; you need to take this into account when planting so that the root collar is at ground level. Sprinkle the roots, lightly compact the soil, water well and add another layer of garden soil or humus on top.

There are small growths on the roots of sea buckthorn; these are nitrogen-containing nodules and should not be removed under any circumstances.

Care

It is not for nothing that it is considered unpretentious and does not require special care. The bush needs to be watered only during dry periods, once a week, 50 liters per bush.

You need to carefully loosen the tree trunk circle; at a depth of 10-15 cm there are roots, if damaged, the bush weakens. You also need to weed out weeds carefully; you can simply mow them down so as not to disturb the soil.

If you managed to plant only female “individuals”, there is a way out: cut a branch somewhere from a male bush, put it in a jar of water and hang it directly in the female bush for the flowering period.

Plants on fertilized soils need to be fed once every three years with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Sea buckthorn pruning

This is one of the most important procedures in plant care. Shoots are pruned mainly in the spring. In the first three years of growth, the crown is formed, the main skeleton is cut out so that the branches do not interfere with each other and it is convenient to harvest.

For the convenience of harvesting, so that the bush does not grow skyward, it is also necessary to trim the crown. The plant can be formed into a bush or tree, but a bush usually produces a larger harvest.

The main thing in pruning sea buckthorn is regularity.

When pruning, all dry branches, weak shoots, frozen over the winter or damaged are removed. If there are too many old shoots, they need to be shortened by about a third. In order to rejuvenate the bush, pruning is carried out after the sea buckthorn has reached ten years of age, completely cutting off the bush to 2 - 2.5 meters.

Sea buckthorn propagation

The shrub, like all fruit trees, reproduces in several ways:

Seeds
Green cuttings
Woody cuttings
Basal shoots
By vaccination

Propagation by seeds is possible, not even difficult. But one interesting fact needs to be taken into account: with this type of reproduction, varietal qualities are preserved only in males, and females grow into wild ones.

Propagation by green cuttings is the simplest and most effective. In mid-summer, in June, green shoots-cuttings of 15 cm are cut. The lower leaves are removed and placed in the root preparation for half an hour. A greenhouse is prepared in advance with fertile soil consisting of sand, garden soil and peat in a 1 to 1 ratio.

There the cuttings are dug in and the growing of planting material begins. The greenhouse should always be warm, about 28 degrees, and humid. Constant watering and spraying and soon the first roots will appear. Then the entire “kindergarten” needs to be fertilized with complex mineral fertilizer.

From this moment on, it will be possible to open the greenhouse for a while so that the shoots can be hardened. And after two months you can completely remove the shelter; the cuttings are already quite strong. In the fall they are fertilized with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers and watered well before winter. And in the spring, the finished seedlings are planted in a permanent place.

Propagation by woody cuttings is also common among gardeners. The shoots for this method are cut in late autumn and buried in the snow to prevent the buds from waking up during the thaw.

In the spring, cuttings of 15 cm are cut from the shoots. They need to be placed in water for a couple of weeks so that buds and roots appear a little. Then they are planted in a greenhouse in fertile soil made from garden soil, sand and peat. Planted straight, not at an angle, to a depth of 15 cm. There should be one internode on top.

The greenhouse is constantly maintained at high temperature and humidity. The cuttings must be constantly watered; you can mulch them with humus.

Those that have grown up to half a meter can be safely planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction by root shoots is usually not practiced in cases with sea buckthorn. So the berry loses all its qualities of the variety.

Reproduction by grafting is possible. Sometimes some gardeners who do not want to plant a male tree graft it onto a female specimen.

Picking sea buckthorn berries

In September-October, golden berries begin to ripen. Harvesting is always a problem. Unripe berries are torn off and some of them remain on the stalk. Therefore, make sure that the berries are completely ripe. You can cut off the branches with berries and then wash and pick them at home directly with the branches. Some people spread a cloth around the bush and shake off the crop.

Diseases and pests

The shrub is usually susceptible to attacks from fungal diseases:

Black cancer
Scab
Gray rot
Brown rot
Fusarium

Treating shrubs with Bordeaux mixture, after flowering and in mid-June, helps well against all these diseases.

Among the pests that cause damage are aphids, sea buckthorn fly and sea buckthorn moth. Here folk remedies come to the rescue, spraying with a solution of laundry soap, infusion of garlic and onion peels.

Birds also love to eat the berries; magpies sometimes manage to pluck the entire bush. In such cases, the bushes are tied with tulle or fine mesh.

Sea buckthorn varieties

Breeders delight gardeners by developing zoned varieties with good taste. Some of the most popular varieties:

Chuyskaya
Moscow beauty
Darling
Trofimovskaya
Elizabeth
Muscovite
Gift to the garden

Sea buckthorn, planting and care, video

What sea buckthorn is like, planting and caring for it, reproduction features - I will tell you about all this in this article. The valuable medicinal qualities of this culture are today known throughout the world. It is grown, cultivated, and used to make medical and cosmetic preparations, as well as all kinds of culinary delights. All parts of sea buckthorn have medicinal value and are used in folk and official medicine. Depending on the place of “residence” and the attention paid to it, sea buckthorn can be a low spreading shrub or a powerful tall tree.

Photo of sea buckthorn:

Where does sea buckthorn grow? In the wild, it grows on rocky and sandy soils, in river valleys, near streams, reservoirs, and on sea shores. Because of this, it is often called sea thorn, sand berry, and dune thorn. This culture is distributed throughout the world and is a representative of the sucker family. Today, through the efforts of breeders, many of its varieties have been developed.

Where sea buckthorn grows wild, photo:

Features of sea buckthorn

In our domestic expanses, its name is explained quite simply - the branches of the tree are abundantly strewn, covered with bright orange fruits on all sides. The leaves are narrow, elongated, bluish in color, the flowers are so inconspicuous that at first glance they can easily be mistaken for leaves. As already mentioned, depending on the variety, sea buckthorn can be short or tall.

When does sea buckthorn bloom? By the very beginning of May or closer to its middle, small short tassels bloom on the branches, each of them containing 3-5 small yellowish flowers. The flowers bloom first, the leaves follow.

Here it is necessary to mention one feature of sea buckthorn - only female representatives bloom; on male trees there are stamens collected in a bunch. These stamens contain pollen, which is easily transported by the wind to the female inflorescences, resulting in pollination. If you slightly disturb a flowering male branch, you can see a cloud of this same pollen. Sea buckthorn flowers have no scent and therefore do not attract bees.

How sea buckthorn blooms, photo:

To get a good harvest, it is imperative to plant male and female trees together. Only female plants produce fruits; male plants are only pollinators. For pollination, sometimes one male representative is enough, which can grow at a considerable distance (up to 50 meters) from the female specimens. Windy weather promotes the process.

Female and male sea buckthorn - the difference between them is that a male tree can grow even from wild growth, but a female one must certainly have a “cultivated” origin. As mentioned above, the sex of a tree is determined by the appearance of the buds. The male variety is most easily identified in spring or autumn, while the female variety can be easily identified in summer, when the tree flowers and bears fruit. Female buds are much smaller in size than male buds and are covered with a pair of scales. Male buds are larger, more voluminous, and have from 5 to 7 covering scales.

Male sea buckthorn is on the right, female is on the left, photo:

Branch of a male plant in spring

Branch of a female plant in spring

When does sea buckthorn ripen? From the last weeks of August until the beginning of October, depending on the climate in the growing region. However, there are also some nuances here: the collection time depends on the purpose for which you need the berries. To freeze or eat sea buckthorn fresh, you should collect the fruits at the very beginning of their ripening (late summer-early autumn). By this time, they are already saturated with vitamins, but are quite hard to the touch and do not ooze juice. If berries are needed to obtain oil, prepare all kinds of preserves, jams, sauces, then you need to wait until they are completely ripe. Ripe fruits are filled with juice and slightly soft.

Why is it difficult to collect sea buckthorn?

This task is quite difficult; the process can be traumatic due to the sharp thorns that cover the branches. Sea buckthorn has fairly short stalks, and the ripe berries are soft to the touch and easily wrinkle under your fingers. Plus, the juice of the fruit is very acidic and can cause irritation to the skin of the hands with prolonged contact. What to do in this case?

There are radical methods in which the branches are cut off along with the fruits, but this is quite cruel to the tree. Experienced gardeners have found a way out of this situation. To begin with, before harvesting, put on clothes that you don’t mind getting dirty, which will inevitably happen. The second rule is that you need to collect fruits from the top of the branch towards the bottom.

How to collect sea buckthorn:

The “cobra” method of collecting sea buckthorn is the most acceptable and least traumatic. You can also wait until the first frosts, spread a cloth or piece of polyethylene under the tree, then arm yourself with a heavy stick and attack the trunk and branches with it. From the impacts, frozen fruits will separate from the branches and fall onto the prepared blanket. Decide for yourself what is more convenient for you.

Watch a few videos, perhaps you will use ideas for picking berries with devices that are easy to make yourself, with your own hands.

How to plant sea buckthorn?

Before planting, you need to decide on the variety - the chosen type must be adapted to the climate of your region. It is best to purchase sea buckthorn seedlings from trusted places, for example, from fruit tree nurseries or horticulture institutes. Additionally, you will be confident in the purity of the variety. It should be borne in mind that this crop has a very short dormant period, so that the tree does not “wake up” in the middle of winter, choose those varieties that are designed for growing in your area.

Sea buckthorn can be planted with the arrival of spring or autumn, but it is preferable to do it in early spring - this way it will take root better. If you plant a tree in the fall, sudden winter warming can trigger its awakening. When choosing a location, give preference to areas near buildings and paths - away from areas where active gardening activity is in full swing.

The fact is that sea buckthorn has cord-like roots, which are located in the upper layers of the soil (about 50 cm). They are quite long and can diverge to the sides at a distance of more than 10 meters. Thus, the roots can be damaged when digging, they are very sensitive, so even with the slightest injury, the sea buckthorn can get sick. In general, digging the soil near this tree is not recommended, even if you do it carefully. Digging provokes the appearance of growth, especially in places where roots are “touched”. Light loosening with a hoe will be enough. For this light-loving crop, choose open, unshaded places.

In the fall, don’t be too lazy to add sand and humus to the designated place, mixed in equal quantities (2 kg/1 m² or for each hole); phosphorus-potassium additives are also relevant. If there are several trees, then the distance between them should be approximately 2-3 meters. Male sea buckthorn individuals must be present (for pollination). As mentioned above, for 5-6 female trees, 1 male specimen is enough. The process itself is no different from planting other fruit representatives: the hole should be approximately 70x70x70 cm, a small hill should be formed at the bottom, and the roots should be carefully spread along its slopes. After this, the hole is filled with soil just above the root collar; after it shrinks, the collar should be located flush with the soil level. After planting, a wide hole is formed around the tree, which needs to be filled with water in the amount of about two buckets.

Sea buckthorn care

Caring for seedlings involves regular watering; you should know that sea buckthorn is a moisture-loving crop. When the seedling gets stronger and becomes a tree, it no longer needs to be watered too often, only during drought. It makes no sense to apply fertilizer to the tree trunk circle, because the cord-like root system of the tree diverges to the sides and stretches for many meters. When sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit, it can be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers once every 3 years (4-5 kg of humus per 1 m², 20-30 potassium-phosphorus additives).

You should also carefully remove weeds in the tree trunk area, without loosening the soil too actively (not going deeper than 7-10 cm). It is better to prune branches and form the crown in the spring, while the buds have not yet blossomed. After the sea buckthorn tree is 8 years old, you can practice anti-aging pruning - remove old branches, giving preference to three-year-old shoots. Dried, frozen, diseased fragments must also be removed.

How to propagate sea buckthorn?

The process is carried out using layering, shoots and seeds. It is not practical to describe the seed method in detail, since this method takes too much time. The resulting plants do not inherit the varietal qualities of the mother tree; most often the result is “wild”. Sea buckthorn is often propagated by seeds in the laboratory to obtain new varieties and hybrids.

During coppice propagation, young sea buckthorn inherits all the features of the main tree. Selected representatives are regularly watered in spring and especially in summer; with the arrival of new spring, the shoot is carefully cut off with a small fragment of the root, after which it is planted in a separate place of residence.

How to propagate sea buckthorn by layering? It is necessary to select those branches that are closest to the ground. In the spring, small depressions are made in the soil near these branches (about 10 cm), the branches are bent and pinned to the ground with wire brackets. When these branches sprout, the pinned area is sprinkled with soil. The next year, again, with the arrival of spring, they are dug up, cut off with pruning shears and transferred to a permanent place of residence or growing.

The highest quality and most productive method of propagation is the cutting method. Cuttings of sea buckthorn are no different from cuttings of other fruit trees - everything happens in the same way. Around the middle of summer, cut a beautiful and strong cutting (about 15-20 cm in length), pinch off the three lower leaves, treat the cut area with the preparation “Kornevin” (optional), bury the end of the cutting in nutritious soil, substrate or moist vermiculite. A mixture of clean river sand, fertile soil and peat is perfect. Cover the top of the cutting with a plastic transparent glass to create something like a greenhouse.

In the room where the cuttings are germinated, the air temperature should be approximately +26..+28 °C. Young livestock should be watered regularly, irrigated with a spray bottle, and ventilated periodically (raise the cup). After about 8 weeks, the covering is removed and the cuttings are fed with potassium-phosphorus supplements. The covering is no longer used, the seedling is watered and waits for a new spring. When it gets stronger, it is transferred to a permanent place of growth.

Sometimes on gardening forums you can come across the following question: why doesn’t sea buckthorn bear fruit? The answer is actually simple: sea buckthorn is a dioecious crop; in order to produce fruit, the presence of male and female specimens is required in the same area. If you have only “girls” growing, then they will not bear fruit, “boys” do not bear fruit at all, but are only pollinators. To solve the problem in the spring, you can plant a couple of shrubs of the opposite sex on the site. It is best to choose cultivated male varieties “Aley” or “Gnome”. Just in case, it is better to plant two male trees at once, in case one dies or freezes in winter. Grafting also gives good results - you can take several branches from a healthy tree of the opposite sex (for example, from a neighbor in the country) and, when spring comes, graft them onto your sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn varieties

To get a good harvest, large and juicy berries, choose only the best varieties that are adapted to growing in your area. Take cuttings from a “proven” tree or purchase from a nursery with good recommendations. High-quality sea buckthorn berries are always large, have a pleasant taste, are juicy, do not burst in your hands, and cover the tree branches abundantly.

Variety Krasnoplodnaya, photo:

The universal variety Moscowskaya Krasavitsa has an average yield; the shrub grows up to two and a half meters and bears fruit with large (up to 10 g) juicy berries from mid-summer to early autumn.

Chuyskaya sea buckthorn is characterized by a sweeter taste, the branches of the tree are not too densely covered with thorns, the thorns themselves are not long, the size of the fruit is slightly smaller than that of the Moscow Beauty, but larger than average.

Red-fruited sea buckthorn has reddish berries, as is clear from the name, is resistant to disease, is distinguished by vitality and unpretentiousness.

Sea buckthorn Elizaveta belongs to the classic varieties, bears fruit abundantly, the berries have a pleasant sweetish taste and are large in size. This is a very winter-hardy variety, resistant to diseases, ripens a little later than other species, and reaches medium size.

Variety “Chuyskaya”, photo:

Botanical sea buckthorn is more convenient to collect, since its stalk is slightly longer than that of other species. To obtain valuable sea buckthorn oil, this species is most often grown. The Giant variety fully lives up to its name, the tree grows up to 3-4 meters in height, the fruits are large in size, and the branches are practically not covered with thorns. The giant is winter-hardy, the berries ripen by September.

Sea buckthorn Favorite is another common variety in our open spaces. It is distinguished by large sweet berries on long stalks, it is easy to pick, it does not wrinkle under your fingers, the bushes are quite sparse, which optimizes the harvesting process (it is easy to get to the berries). This variety is winter-hardy, unpretentious, and bears fruit abundantly.

In addition to its medicinal value, this crop can act as a landscape design element on your site. Its long, rope-like roots hold the soil well. With its help you can form a hedge, and in company with other shrubs it will look very harmonious. No matter how you look at it, sea buckthorn is good for everyone - planting and caring for it will not be a burden to you, since it is unpretentious, incredibly useful and, plus everything else, looks beautiful on the site.

One can write endlessly about the benefits of this berry; it contains vitamins, microelements, acids, and healthy sugars necessary for the body. If you already have sea buckthorn on your site, then this is good, but it is also important to know what care and planting it needs in order to harvest a large harvest of healthy berries. And make delicious compote from these berries, cook aromatic jam, but sea buckthorn oil is of particular value.

Sea buckthorn berry - planting

Sea buckthorn is a long-liver on your site, as the shrub lives for about 20 years. The root system is designed so that its nodules are able to absorb nitrogen directly from the air. Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant, pollinated by the wind.

This shrub has two sexes: male and female. And only females are capable of producing high yields. Fruits are not produced on male bushes, but pollen from male flowers participates in the pollination of female flowers.

A male bush is distinguished from a female bush by its buds: the buds on a male bush are several times larger and consist of 5-7 scales (female buds have only 2 scales). Good soil for planting sea buckthorn is neutral. Favorable times for planting are spring and autumn.

First, dig holes to a depth of 50 cm. The dug soil is mixed with humus or peat, and mineral fertilizers are added (superphosphate and potassium sulfate, two tablespoons each).

The resulting mixture must be poured back into the hole and watered with a solution of dolomite flour, and covered with earth on top. When planting sea buckthorn seedlings, you need to ensure that the root collar is deepened by 5-6 cm. When planting has been done, the soil must be watered and covered with a layer of mulch (peat, humus).

For 4 female bushes take one male bush. The seedlings are planted at a distance of 2 meters from each other.

Sea buckthorn care

When growing sea buckthorn, care is very simple. It is important to regularly remove dried shoots and root growth. In addition, caring for sea buckthorn consists of regular loosening, weeding, fertilizing and watering.

It is important to monitor soil moisture. Sea buckthorn loves rain watering, especially in hot weather. When growing sea buckthorn, you should also remember about fertilizing. During the season, 4 foliar feedings are done.

The first feeding is carried out in the spring, when the leaves begin to bloom. They use a special preparation (can be bought at a flower shop). The second feeding is done at the beginning of flowering with a solution of “Potassium Humate”. The third and fourth feedings are carried out after flowering at intervals of 20 days with a solution of “Effekton” or “Sodium Humate”.

Growing and pruning sea buckthorn

Caring for young seedlings involves trimming the top. Trimming the top is necessary so that the crown of the sea buckthorn begins to develop faster. In subsequent years, pruning is carried out every year until the buds open, removing all excess, damaged and dried branches.

It is also necessary to completely cut off the root shoots. Anti-aging pruning is carried out after about 8 years (when fruiting decreases). From the bushes you need to cut off all the branches with three-year-old wood. Similar articles

Our garden is sea buckthorn

It is difficult to find a berry crop that could successfully compete with sea buckthorn in terms of healing properties. Here, that is, sea buckthorn contains valuable oils that have a healing effect in the healing of burns and wounds.

A wide variety of vitamins, as well as a large set of mineral salts, ash substances, acids and sugars necessary for humans. Is it possible to grow sea buckthorn in Russia? The experience of gardeners shows that such a possibility exists.

Sea buckthorn has good resistance to winter conditions. It easily adapts to different climatic conditions. Sea buckthorn is moderately demanding of soils, that is, it is not very capricious.

However, the cultivation of sea buckthorn is not gaining due popularity due to the erroneous opinion that sea buckthorn is a southern plant. And due to the lack of planting material.

Masculine and feminine principles.

It is necessary to be very demanding when selecting mother plants and cuttings. Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant, divided into male and female specimens. Male producers of pollen are so necessary for fertilization.

Females form stigmas that require pollination. If this does not happen, the berries will not set. In general, everything is like with people when you want to get offspring; without the participation of two men and women, nothing will work out.

On your sea buckthorn plantation there should be a predominance of female specimens. Male fruits by themselves do not bear fruit; they are needed, as stated above, only for pollination. The proportion should be approximately the following: for three females - one male.

Reproduction in different ways.

Sea buckthorn can be propagated both vegetatively and by seed. The vegetative method is more known and popular. For this method, cuttings are carried out, root shoots are separated from mother plants that have already entered the fruiting period. The seed method, or as it is called in everyday life, the sexual method of propagation, is cultivated by gardeners quite rarely.

Since it takes longer and requires seeds with very good germination. Typically, this method is used to breed new varieties. For vegetative propagation, it is necessary to select greener or lignified cuttings.

We usually cut annual growths in the spring before the buds swell or before the onset of severe frosts at the beginning of winter. If you are preparing it in winter, tie it in a bun.

It should be stored buried deep in the snow or in the basement in a box with sand at a temperature of zero to plus two degrees. If you have space in your home refrigerator, use that to store cuttings. Just place the puchu first in a plastic bag.

Immediately before planting, the cuttings must be sorted and placed in a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate for several hours, so that the tops remain above the liquid.

Heavy soils, not for sea buckthorn

Never use clayey, swampy, or floating soils for planting sea buckthorn. Before planting, the soil must be thoroughly prepared. The land for planting should be fertilized with humus; use decomposed peat.

Before going into the ground we warm it up a lot.

For good development of the sea buckthorn root system, stored sea buckthorn bunches must be heated in boxes or in film bags filled with sawdust for at least a week at a temperature of at least plus twenty degrees. To create a favorable subtropical climate, we easily moisten the sawdust with warm water.

You need to plant wisely

Cuttings prepared for planting are planted only vertically. Only one node should remain above the soil. If you mulch using a thin layer of peat or rotted manure, it will be just great.

The cuttings will need to be covered to the very top, but not higher. We prepare the rows for planting with a distance between the rows of up to eighty centimeters, and within the row between the cuttings up to twenty centimeters. During the growing season, the soil needs to be loosened six times and regularly weeded as weeds appear.

It is important to do this in the very first month after planting the cuttings. The resulting planting material will need to be dug up in the fall, culled, healthy good seedlings should be bathed in a clay mash and tied into a bundle, separately male and female specimens. Plants should be planted in a permanent place in advance prepared pits. The size of the hole will directly depend on the nature of the location of the sea buckthorn roots.

But the most practical calculation of the size of the hole is simple: the larger the hole, the better for the seedling. The depth of the pit should be within 60 centimeters.

We love the light

Sea buckthorn loves light; the saying here is completely correct - there is never too much light. Considering this, as well as the fact that sea buckthorn has an increased tendency to break branches, the distance in rows between plants should not be less than three meters - more, please.

Within a row, try to maintain an interval of up to two meters. Planting is only vertical, since any tilting leads to the awakening of dormant buds.

And this indicator is even very negative; shoots that we don’t need at all appear, and they, in turn, will delay the onset of fruiting. The root neck is located no more than fifteen centimeters above the ground surface. If the soil on the site is heavy, dig trenches instead of holes and fill them with sand and decomposed peat.

Be careful everywhere

Loosening of plantings, especially young ones, must be done very carefully, due to the fact that more than half of all roots are located next to the plant in the layer of soil at a depth of 10 to 15 centimeters. in this regard, before harvesting the berries, it is advisable to loosen the soil under the trees to a depth of no more than six centimeters; outside the border of the bush you can go up to fifteen. Remember that five years after planting, the roots of all plants will close together and completely occupy the entire area on which the sea buckthorn is planted.

We prune regularly

Pruning is considered one of the conditions for increasing the productivity of sea buckthorn. There are also some nuances here. In the first year of cultivation, the bushes are usually not pruned.

The exception is perhaps annual shoots without lateral branches. To initiate the appearance of new shoots, shorten the top of the trunk with a sharp garden knife, in front of the developed lateral bud. In subsequent years, pruning is carried out in the usual way.

We remove dried and diseased ones and thin them out. The older the plant, more and more dried branches and shoots will appear. In this case, in order to maintain fruiting longer, three-year and older branches will need to be shortened.

A plant that is ten years old will need to undergo anti-aging pruning. To do this, we shorten the height of very tall plants to two and a half meters, and we must not forget to shorten the old branches, and the fruiting period will be extended.

Harvesting berries is a capricious business

Harvesting sea buckthorn is perhaps the most labor-intensive and time-consuming process. The fruit stalk is usually short, and the plant has many spines.

These numerous thorns dig into the fingers, corroding them with acid, which will flow out of the damaged fruit. During harvesting, some amateur gardeners cut off the branches along with the berries, after which they carefully select or shake off the fruits.

Why do we fail in cultivation?

One of the reasons for failure, and in my opinion the most important, is because we start growing without taking into account the variety, whether this or that variety is adapted to a given area or not, we somehow don’t think about it, but in vain. Hence the failure.

The berries have a subtle, pleasant, specific aroma. With your hands, multiplied by desire and patience, it is possible to grow sea buckthorn in the central regions of Russia and still get a good harvest. Keep at it and you will succeed. Good luck to everyone!

Sea buckthorn - care and cultivation

The beginning of the cultivation of sea buckthorn is still remembered with a smile, because we, novice summer residents, planted not two or three trees at the very beginning of the formation of our plot, but seven, having heard plenty of laudatory odes from experienced gardeners. Everything would be fine, only there were too many sea buckthorn trees in terms of the number planted in the center of the dacha.

What followed: two further transplants due to the proximity of groundwater, removal of excess trees, detection of the masculine gender on the remaining ones, and complete disposal of it. And finally, on our journey to grow sea buckthorn, it was only in the fifth year that we planted a female tree seedling.

Here's a little saga. After this preface, it becomes clear that sea buckthorn is dioecious, there are male and female plants. Moreover, the presence of male representatives at other dachas within a radius of 80 meters is enough to pollinate our tree. If there are any, you are lucky.

If not, you will have to plant a male representative nearby.

Sea buckthorn, cultivation and care

From our own experience, we know that it is better to replant sea buckthorn in early spring, before the buds open. Previously, if you had heavy clay soil at your dacha, you had to plant it not by deepening it, but, on the contrary, by raising it above the soil level.

In place of the planting hole, a mound 5-10 cm high was made, a seedling was placed on it and the roots were sprinkled so that the plant was planted above the soil level. Then, when the female plant was finally planted in an area with normal soil, they did a thorough digging, added humus, 200 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of potassium sulfate.

All this for 1 sq. meter. The hole needs to be 50 - 60 cm deep. After planting, they spilled two buckets of water and, in the absence of good rain, watering was repeated after 4 - 5 days. On light soils, we deepen the root collar.

We plant sea buckthorn strictly vertically and mulch the soil. We fertilize in the spring by dissolving 1 tablespoon of urea in 10 liters of water. Our sea buckthorn blooms in mid-May.

Flowering, like bird cherry, lasts up to 10 - 12 days. The root system is superficial, the bulk of the roots are located at a depth of 40 cm. But the roots extend from the tree 4 meters away.

So it’s enough to remove them, either by chopping off the excess ones, or cutting out the sprouts of a new tree along the root with a sharp knife. Sea buckthorn is frost-resistant and very light-loving. Ours grows 1.5 meters from a sparse fence.

The soil for growing it here is prepared with a light mechanical composition, with a good water regime. Contrary to what is stated in the reference books, sea buckthorn does not need weeding at all; in our case it grows in the middle of the strawberry bed.

Sea buckthorn cultivation continued with the formation of the tree crown. The stem was left about 30 cm high, and the crown was formed in the form of a bush with five branches. The tree is very rarely affected by pests and diseases.

Sometimes the green sea buckthorn aphid attacks. It is impossible to start a fight against it, since in a bad situation the entire harvest will be destroyed, as happened to us once. We destroy sucking creatures using Iskra DE1 tablet in a bucket of water.

But, to be honest, recently I had to dissolve one and a half tablets. Spray before flowering and after harvest.

The fruits from the sea buckthorn growing at the dacha, 2 meters high and one and a half in diameter, are enough to make compote, wonderful wine, jam, grind with sugar. We remove up to 8 liters of berries from it. Our sea buckthorn has absolutely no thorns, so picking the fruits is a pleasure.

However, harvesting cannot be delayed. There is a maximum of a week from the moment the berry is fully ripened until it is harvested. Otherwise, you get the dubious pleasure of a berry crumbling and spreading in your hands.

Why is it worth growing sea buckthorn on your property? Unlike its wild counterparts, varietal sea buckthorn has an amazing, very characteristic and original taste. In addition, the berries are very healthy and are high in vitamins and microelements. You can make juices, jams, jams, teas, compotes, and vegetable oil from the berries.

There are two types of sea buckthorn: loosestrife(not found in Russia), and buckthorn(a species that also grows in our country is shown in the photo below).

Popular varieties of sea buckthorn:

Botanical;
Altai;
Moscow pineapple;
Jam;
Elizabeth;
Giant;
Gift of Katun;
Excellent;
Self-fertile;
Golden Cob;
Pepper;
Amber;
Solar;
Chuyskaya;
Essel.

Also among the male specimens one can distinguish the sea buckthorn varieties “Alei”, “Gnome”, “Ural”, “Dear Friend”.

By the way! Sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting in open ground.

Features of choosing sea buckthorn seedlings

It is very important to know one feature of sea buckthorn: the culture is dioecious, cross pollination occurs, therefore, in order to bear fruit, “female” and “male trees” must grow next to each other. The male specimen is needed solely for pollination (berries do not grow on them), but berries appear on the female specimens.

Note! On your site, you must definitely plant “male” and “female” sea buckthorn seedlings, because without a male pollinator, the female shrub will not be pollinated, and therefore will not bear fruit.
Even if you have several female bushes, it is enough to have only one male tree, but it should grow no further than 10 meters.

How to distinguish male and female specimens? The main distinguishing feature is the kidneys:

U male sea buckthorn buds are large, have 5-7 covering scales.
But at women's bud specimens are two to three times smaller than male ones, they have only 2 covering scales.

The easiest time to identify them is in the spring before the flowers bloom. However, this is not difficult to do even in summer; if there are berries on the bush, then it is definitely a female tree.

The photo below shows the differences between male and female sea buckthorn:

This picture also illustrates the differences: 1 is a female sea buckthorn, 2 is a male one.

Important! Sea buckthorn has a short dormant period; the tree may begin to vegetate during the first thaw. Therefore, if you want a tree to grow on your site for many years and bear fruit successfully, it is necessary to buy only seedlings of zoned varieties of sea buckthorn that are suitable for growing in your climate zone. Otherwise, the tree may begin to grow too early and will easily freeze and die.

When to plant sea buckthorn in the fall: optimal timing

In order for the seedling to take root normally in a new place and not freeze out during the first frost, it is very important to plant it at the most appropriate time. When is the best time to plant sea buckthorn in the fall? Planting in open ground should be done 3-4 weeks before the first frost. so that the seedling has time for normal rooting and adaptation in a new place.

Also, when choosing dates, you should focus on temperature conditions: optimal temperature for the procedure:

during the day - 10-15 degrees Celsius;
at night - 5 degrees Celsius.

It is quite difficult to name the exact date for the procedure, because our country has different weather and climatic conditions. Thus, The timing of planting sea buckthorn seedlings in the fall differs:

South- all October;
Middle lane- end of September and first half of October;
Siberia, Ural, Leningrad region- all September.

When is the best time to plant: spring or autumn

Sea buckthorn can be planted in both spring and autumn. However spring planting is preferable. As mentioned above, the plant can begin to grow at the very first thaw, and due to the fact that the seedling has not yet had time to adapt, it can easily freeze. In general, seedlings planted in spring take root better and adapt to a new place in the open ground.

In regions with relatively warm winters, for example, Krasnodar region (Kuban), North Caucasus, can be planted in both spring and autumn.

But in the central zone (Moscow region), Siberia, the Urals, and the Leningrad region, it is better to plant the crop in the spring. However, if you are specifically interested in the autumn period, you can carry out the procedure in the fall. But you must follow all the rules and schemes, and then carefully protect and prepare the seedling for winter.

Interesting fact! The name of the tree-like shrub is connected with the fact that the berries abundantly cling to the shoot. But the plant also has another name - “sea thorn”; it received this name due to the fact that in its natural environment it grows on the banks of reservoirs (rivers, seas).

How to plant sea buckthorn in open ground in the fall: preparation, rules, diagrams

The procedure can be divided into several key stages: choosing a location, preparing the site and planting hole, and direct planting. Let's look at each stage in detail.

Advice! When planting in autumn, it is better to plant several seedlings at once, in case one specimen freezes out. If all the seedlings survive the winter, then you will have several healthy bushes.

Which place is suitable for planting sea buckthorn

Fruit and berry crops do not tolerate transplantation to a new location, so you must immediately approach the selection of a site for cultivation responsibly. Where is the best place to plant crops in the garden? For planting, it is best to choose a place on the site according to the following recommendations:

The culture is sun-loving, so you need to plant it in sunny, open areas with good lighting. When grown in shady places, you should not expect a large harvest.
There must be a place protected from strong winds and drafts(especially from the north side!).

Advice! But a male sea buckthorn seedling, on the contrary, needs to be planted on the windward side.

Sea buckthorn has a superficial root system with long branched roots, the bulk of the roots are located at a depth of about 30-40 centimeters. For this reason crops cannot be planted:
- Near trees and shrubs with shallow root systems. Otherwise they will compete for nutrients and moisture.
- Near areas where deep digging of earth is carried out(with a shovel or cultivator), otherwise the roots can be easily damaged.
- Too close to any buildings(house, utility block, barn, summer kitchen).

Important! When planting sea buckthorn, be sure to keep your distance between a seedling of a given crop and other trees, shrubs, buildings, structures, and an area of active digging. The gap should be at least 5-6 meters!
Accidental damage to the roots of a bush will lead to its weakening and a significant decrease in yield, or even death. In addition, shoots will begin to grow abundantly in place of the damaged roots.

Groundwater on the site should be no higher than 1 meter from the soil surface. Despite the fact that the crop is a moisture-loving plant, waterlogging and flooding of the roots will negatively affect the health and condition of the plant.
Culture prefers light, well drained,neutral soil (pH 6.5-7).

Conclusion: For growing sea buckthorn, the southern, sunny side of the site, protected from the wind, with light, neutral soil is most suitable.

Preparing the site and planting hole

If your dacha or private house site has optimal soil conditions (light and neutral soil), then you can immediately start preparing the hole. However, if the soil does not meet the recommended requirements, it is better to prepare the site 3-4 weeks before planting sea buckthorn (preferably in the area of 5 or at least 4 meters around the future planting hole):

For heavy, clayey, too dense soil it is necessary to spread sand over the area (1 bucket per 1 square meter), and then dig up the area using the bayonet of a shovel (to a depth of 30-40 centimeters).
If the soil is too acidic you need to dig up the selected place using the bayonet of a shovel with the addition of dolomite flour or wood ash (200 grams (standard glass) per 1 sq.m.).
If you have uncultivated soil that is very poor in nutrients, then it is recommended to dig it up with the addition of compost or humus (1 bucket per 1 sq.m.). You can also add mineral fertilizers: superphosphate (60 g per sq.m.) and potassium sulfate (20 g per sq.m.).

After such preparation of the site, you need to carefully loosen the area with a rake and level the ground.

Before you start digging planting holes, you should find out at what distance to plant seedlings:
The optimal distance between “female” seedlings is 2.5-3 meters from each other.
between “female” and “male” seedlings the minimum gap is 2.5-3, and the maximum is no more than 10 meters (otherwise pollination will not occur).

Having prepared the soil and decided on the distance, it’s time to move on to preparing the hole. It is recommended to deal with this issue in advance (preferably 4 weeks in advance, or at least 2-3) so that the soil in the hole settles naturally.

Scheme for preparing a planting hole for planting sea buckthorn in the fall:

Dig a hole, its depth and width are 50 centimeters.
In this case, the fertile layer must be put aside in a separate pile.
If the groundwater in your area is too high or the garden is in a lowland, then it is recommended to lay a drainage layer at the bottom. The height of the drainage is about 10 centimeters. You can use broken brick, crushed stone, expanded clay.
Now you need to fill the hole halfway (1/2) with fertile soil:
- rotted compost (1 part);
- top fertile layer of soil (1 part);
- double superphosphate (100 grams);
- wood ash (200 grams, that is, one glass).
Water and leave the hole like this for a couple of weeks.

Sea buckthorn planting scheme

To plant a sea buckthorn seedling in open ground in the fall according to the correct scheme, you can use the following step by step instructions:

If you have a seedling with an open root system (ORS), then place a mound of fertile soil in the center of the hole.
Place the seedling with OCS on a mound, carefully straighten the roots, they should be evenly located throughout the mound and look down. The roots should not bend upward!
If you have a seedling with a closed root system, then simply place a lump of earth at the bottom of the hole without making a mound.

Important! Root collar The seedling must be at soil level. It should not be deepened or raised too much.

Cover the seedling with soil. When falling asleep, it is recommended to shake the trunk slightly so that the soil is evenly distributed between the roots and there are no voids left.
Gently compact the soil with your hand.
Water.

Caring for sea buckthorn seedlings after planting

Sea buckthorn can rightly be called a very unpretentious plant. If you initially choose the right place and plant it in open ground, then there should be no problems with growing it. However, in the first time after the autumn procedure, you need to pay attention to the shrub and properly care for it.

Features of caring for sea buckthorn after planting in the fall:

Immediately after landing you need draw a tree trunk circle. To do this, you just need to make a roller of earth around the trunk at a distance of about 50 centimeters.
Then you need water generously seedling, pouring water into the trunk circle. You will need about 3-4 buckets for one tree. Without life-giving moisture, the seedling will not take root.
If some time after planting the ground settles, then you need to refill the soil to the previous level.
If after watering the seedling is buried and its root collar is underground, then you need to carefully lift it by the trunk and once again compact the earth around it with your hand or foot.
Mulch the tree trunk circle, using, for example, lowland peat, rotted sawdust, rotted compost. The optimal mulch height is 7-10 centimeters. Mulch will not only slow down the evaporation of moisture, which is necessary for comfortable rooting and adaptation, but will also protect the root system of the seedling from winter frosts.
A very important point in care after planting is preparing young sea buckthorn for winter. In addition to mulching, you need to provide shelter. However, in the southern regions there is no need to cover.

Transplanting sea buckthorn in autumn

Earlier in the article it was already noted that sea buckthorn does not welcome transplants, so it is better to immediately plant it in the most suitable place. However, if there is still a need to replant the shrub, then you need to do it as correctly as possible.

First of all, you need to try to dig up as many roots as possible. If some of the roots are damaged, then when replanting sea buckthorn in the fall, be sure to cut off the above-ground part. You need to trim all the side branches and the trunk, leaving about 1 meter. This pruning of the above-ground part will help the plant to more easily transfer the transplant to a new location. If this is not done, the shrub most likely will not take root.

Note! Transplantation to a new place must be done in the first 2-3 years of life. If you do this later, the tree most likely will not be able to survive the transplant.

Sea buckthorn is a rather unusual plant for most gardens. Many gardeners do not perceive it as a fruit crop. At the same time, this amazing, juicy berry should not be underestimated: sea buckthorn contains a simply unique set of useful substances. Just 100 g of berries or sea buckthorn juice is enough for the body to receive the daily requirement of almost all necessary substances.

In addition to its beneficial properties, sea buckthorn is also very beautiful. During the ripening of the berries, this plant is the best decoration of the garden. The bright orange fruits, densely clinging to the branches, are very colorful and create a pleasant autumn atmosphere.

Sea buckthorn bush with fruits

How to grow this wonderful berry crop on your site? An important stage in growing sea buckthorn is proper planting. It is this that is the key to good tree health and the reason for abundant harvests. In this article we will look at how to plant sea buckthorn correctly.

Selection of male and female sea buckthorn specimens

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant, pollinated by the wind. This means that there should be female and male specimens of sea buckthorn in the garden. You can determine the sex of sea buckthorn by its buds before they bloom, in spring, autumn or winter. This is especially true for a male plant, because the female plant is easy to identify in the summer by its flowers and fruits. You can choose male and female varieties of sea buckthorn in our catalog .

Male and female representatives are planted quite close to each other. A distance of 5-10 m is quite enough for good pollination.

One male specimen can pollinate 4-5 female sea buckthorn plants at once. However, it is better to plant two male plants.

If there is very little space in your garden, then both male plants can be planted close to each other - at a distance of 30-50 cm.

Choosing a place to plant sea buckthorn

Since sea buckthorn is a light-loving and moisture-loving plant, the optimal place for planting is a sunny, elevated area, not shaded by other plants.

In addition, sea buckthorn must be planted at the greatest distance from cultivation zones - it is recommended to make a distance from other plants of at least 2 m. The reason for this is the shallow location of the roots - 15-20 from the surface of the earth. Digging up the soil near sea buckthorn can lead to poor fruiting and the appearance of shoots in places where the plant's root system is damaged.

Sea buckthorn fruits

When is it better to plant sea buckthorn - in spring or autumn?

The best time for planting sea buckthorn seedlings is considered to be early spring, when the plant is dormant - until sap flow begins and the buds begin to swell. For planting in spring, seedlings with both closed and open root systems are suitable.

Autumn planting is also acceptable for the crop. In autumn, sea buckthorn is planted with a closed root system (in containers) after the end of leaf fall and at a comfortable temperature of +4 degrees.

Advantages of planting sea buckthorn in spring

root system manages to fully get stronger ,
since the seating area is prepared in advance - in the fall, pit with fertilizers manages to brew , which has a positive effect on the future harvest,
when planting sea buckthorn in spring, the first the harvest can be harvested a year earlier than during autumn planting,
easierhighlight plants , which are difficult to take root in order to provide the necessary additional care in a timely manner.

Advantages of planting sea buckthorn in the fall

much is spent less time for care after landing,
trees planted in autumn start growing 2-3 weeks earlier than those planted in spring,
in autumn easy to determine the quality of seedlings by foliage and other criteria,
autumn sales allow you to save your budget.

Step-by-step instructions on how to plant sea buckthorn

Planting sea buckthorn in the spring is not much different from planting other fruit crops; the only difference is in the rate of fertilizer. Sea buckthorn does not like soils that are too nutritious, so when planting, the main thing is not to overdo it with mineral and organic nutrition.

1. First, we prepare the landing hole. Its size should be 35-40 cm deep and 40-50 cm in diameter. Regardless of the time of planting, the pit is prepared in advance: for spring planting, it is prepared in the fall, for autumn planting, 3 weeks in advance.

2. Top and bottom layers of soil fold separately .

3. To the center of the pit drive in a peg for garter.

4. Saplings with open root system preparing - soak in a solution of Kornevin, Heteroauxin or other root system stimulants.

5. We fill the bottom of the pit nutritious soil mixture: add 1 bucket of humus or compost, 30-50 g of double superphosphate and 15-30 g of potassium fertilizers (per 1 plant) to the soil from the top layer.

6. Further form a mound from the top layer of soil, carefully straighten the roots and cover them with soil, periodically spilling the hole with water. Watering should be plentiful - until it becomes muddy. This will ensure that the soil adheres tightly to the root system.

8. Forming a circular hole around the seedling, thoroughly pour 2 buckets of water again and mulch the hole with peat, straw or old sawdust.

9. We tie up the sea buckthorn to the peg.

Sea buckthorn planting scheme

Despite the fact that the healing power and benefits of sea buckthorn are known to everyone, not everyone is in a hurry to plant it on their plot. The reason is that very often an unpleasantly thorny tall tree grows on the site,

producing a large amount of difficult-to-remove shoots, from which it is not so easy to harvest, the berries of which have a sour taste and tend to burst in your hands when collected from the branches. However, all this is absolutely not true if we are talking about varietal sea buckthorn, and not about wild seedlings, which, alas, are not so rarely passed off as varietal specimens. Real high-quality garden sea buckthorn is large, bright fruits with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. A properly planted and formed tree makes the harvesting process convenient and comfortable. Let's talk about how to plant sea buckthorn so that the impressions of its cultivation remain the most positive.

General description with photo

The name sea buckthorn is a Russian variation and was given to the tree for the peculiarity of its fruiting - the branches of the plant seem to be covered with short-petioled berries on all sides. The genus is assigned to the Lokhov family. Among its representatives there are both low-growing varieties and very tall varieties. Sea buckthorn leaves are easily recognizable, thin, similar to willow leaves, gray-gray in color. Anyone who does not know how sea buckthorn blooms sometimes mistakes its flowers for leaves in the spring, which appear before them and have a very inconspicuous appearance and a complete lack of aroma. The two most common varieties in cultivation are buckthorn and willow-leaved sea buckthorn. The first has a very wide habitat throughout the world, the second grows mainly in the wild nature of India, Bhutan, as well as in Nepal and southern China.

Features of sea buckthorn

Since this species is grown in our gardens more often than others, it is worth talking about its characteristics to understand agricultural technology and obtain a high-quality future harvest. First of all, you should know that the plant is dioecious, which means it requires planting two seedlings of different sexes in close proximity to each other. In this case, the origin of the male specimen does not play a big role; it can also be taken from the wild. As for the female, it must be purebred and belong to a high-quality varietal line. For those who do not want to take risks and want to have a decent pair, we can recommend specially bred varieties “Ural” or “Aley” as a male pollinator. The “Dear Friend” variety also performs very well. This recommendation applies to the central Russian region (all three varieties are zoned, which is very important for this fruit crop).

To correctly and reliably determine the sex of a purchased seedling, you need to pay attention to the type of buds. It is best to do this in the absence of leaves, i.e. not in summer. The difference is clearly visible in a large photo of sea buckthorn in spring. However, in the summer it is not difficult to do this based on the fruits. So, the main differences between male and female seedlings:

When comparing male and female buds, the former will be twice or three times larger.
Female buds have only 2 covering scales.
On male kidneys there may be 5-7 covering scales.

Important! When purchasing a seedling, you should pay attention to the issue of regionalization of the variety. This is important because sea buckthorn has a short dormant period and can awaken during short-term warming, mistaking it for spring. In a climate to which it is not adapted, it can then easily die during the next cold snap.

How to plant sea buckthorn

Like other fruit trees, sea buckthorn can be planted both in the spring and after the end of the season in the fall. According to experienced gardeners, the spring option is the most preferable due to the fact that possible thaws at the beginning of winter can provoke the awakening of a lightly sleeping seedling. In this case, the still weakly rooted bush can very easily die. In a well-rooted specimen, the roots go to a depth of about 20-40 cm.

Selecting a location

Sea buckthorn should be planted as far as possible from seasonal crops, i.e. from cultivated land. You can plant it next to outbuildings, near the road, somewhere on the edge of the plot. The reason lies in the well-branched root system with a superficial occurrence. The roots of the tree do not go to great depths, but grow horizontally, which creates the risk of injury during gardening work, and damage to the roots greatly affects the fruiting of the crop. This point must be taken into account when planting sea buckthorn, since digging up the soil in the immediate vicinity of the tree is very often the main reason not only for crop loss, but sometimes for the death of the specimen. In addition, the consequence of this is the appearance of abundant growth around the tree, which creates additional problems.

Another condition when choosing a location is its openness to the sun. The culture is light-loving and does not tolerate shading. It is important to take into account that it also does not tolerate transplants, so the place must be chosen immediately for many years.

The soil requirements are looseness and lightness, as well as a neutral acidity level.

For pollination, one male specimen per 5-6 female trees is sufficient. The distance between seedlings of different sexes should be within 5-6 m.

Best planting time

As already mentioned, the preferred season for planting sea buckthorn is spring. Moreover, the sooner it is planted, the better. This issue is especially important for seedlings with an open root system. This should also be taken into account if there is a need to replant an already growing tree, since it loses part of its root system, and the beginning of the spring movement of plant juices aggravates this problem. For planting specimens that grow in a container, the issue is greatly simplified; they can be planted on the site at a later date. But spring, in this case, will be preferable to autumn.

It is highly not recommended to use fresh organic matter for adding fresh organic matter to planting holes; it must be extremely mature. You should not overdo it with mineral fertilizers. You can limit yourself to a bucket of compost and add a handful of superphosphate and a glass of ash to the hole. If the soil is prone to acidification, it is better to use double superphosphate.
When moving a young tree to another place, you should try to capture as many roots as possible, but they grow very long.
If, during transplantation or a purchased seedling, the roots are greatly shortened, then the above-ground part should also be short. It’s better to trim a little more from the top than necessary, rather than leaving too much.
Old specimens for transplantation are pruned to the maximum, literally leaving only a bare trunk without side branches.

Step-by-step instructions for planting sea buckthorn

In general, it is completely identical to other fruit trees, taking into account the above-described features.

A hole is prepared with a depth of 35-40 cm and a width of about 40-50 cm. A drainage layer can only be provided in an area with poorly permeable clay soil.
Mature organic matter is placed at the bottom, which is mixed with ash and superphosphate.
A mound of earth is poured in height almost to the ground level. It is necessary to compact it tightly enough to avoid future subsidence of the root collar.
A seedling is placed on a mound, and its roots are carefully distributed along the slopes of this mound.
A peg is driven parallel to the trunk, the height of which should be above ground level. The seedling is securely tied to it. Attention! The garter must be above the ground so that it can be removed over time, otherwise it may pinch the trunk in the future and destroy the tree.
The hole is filled with soil, which is gently kneaded without strong pressure.
Abundant watering is carried out.

Important! The root collar should remain at its level after the soil shrinks!

Pruning and rejuvenation

The sea buckthorn tree, if not limited in growth, grows too tall, which becomes inconvenient for picking berries. This fruit tree, unlike replanting, tolerates pruning without much damage at any age, so you can trim its trunk and branches to the desired height without regret. The age of maximum productivity of the crop is 8-12 years. If a garden specimen has crossed this threshold, and this has become noticeable based on the harvest results, it should, as experts say, be “planted on a stump” (in other words, cut down, leaving one stump). A cut tree will produce stump shoots, which will retain all the parental characteristics, will very soon grow and begin to actively bear fruit. If there is too much of it, you can leave a few shoots to choose from. As a result of such radical pruning, the tree rejuvenates and produces a full harvest for many years to come.

Radical pruning is only relevant for ungrafted sea buckthorn specimens. Otherwise, it will no longer be possible to preserve varietal characteristics.

In addition to planting seeds, which, if collected independently, are almost guaranteed to lose varietal characteristics already in the first generation, there are a number of vegetative methods for propagating this useful fruit crop. The seed method is hardly of interest to gardeners, so we will focus on vegetative propagation.

Root suckers and layering

For propagation by root suckers, restrictions on grafted mother plants are also relevant, otherwise the variety will be lost. The root shoots are simply dug up and transplanted to a new location. You can get young shoots yourself using lower branches that bend to the ground and dig into the grooves, leaving the top open. The escape is secured using wooden slingshots. It is advisable to dig up and fertilize the soil in advance at the site of future rooting; you can make neat cuts on the shoot with a sharp knife and treat them with “Kornevin” to speed up root formation. It is best to do this in the spring, immediately on thawed ground.

Layers can be either arcuate or horizontal. In the first case, in the end one new seedling will be obtained, in the second, when the shoot is buried along its entire length, there will be several of them.

When the young shoots reach a height of 10-12 cm, they are re-sprinkled with earth with the addition of humus to strengthen the root system of the seedling. You can plant it in the fall, but to ensure reliable results, it is better to do this every other year in early spring.

To obtain root shoots, you can resort to the method of injuring the roots using a sharp shovel. This will give impetus to the growth of the layering, but will cause some damage to the mother tree.

Rhizome division

Not the most reliable and painless method, which can be resorted to in case of emergency and only for young plants. The root system is divided using a sharp ax with the condition that a portion of a viable rhizome and at least 2-3 strong above-ground shoots are preserved on each division.

Planting sea buckthorn with lignified cuttings

The procedure is as follows:

In early spring, cuttings are taken from lignified or semi-lignified shoots about 15 cm long.
The blanks are placed in water for several days. You can put them in water at the ends, or you can soak them completely. During this time, the buds, which are like roots, should swell.
The cuttings, observing the direction of growth, are planted in a prepared nutrient substrate (humus, top peat, sand). 2-3 buds should remain above the surface.
Regular watering is carried out. Covering with a transparent material to increase humidity will speed up germination. The optimal temperature for this period is +27C.
After signs of new shoots appear, the film is removed.
Transplantation to a permanent place can be carried out when the shoots reach a height of half a meter, subject to the season and weather conditions.

A propagation method using apical green shoots is also available. It is similar to the previous one, but does not require long soaking and has a shorter period of obtaining new seedlings, which should be taken into account when determining the timing of cutting planting material.

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