What is the difference between a kindergarten of a combined type. Types of kindergartens

In the life of almost every child, there comes a moment when he will be taken to the first educational institution - so that his mother can work. Of course, every parent would like his beloved child to get into the best kindergarten and the best teacher. But, as a rule, the child can be sent to that preschool institution, which is located near the house and in which there is a place. And you may have learned that your kindergarten is a combined type. For many mothers and fathers, this concept is completely unknown, and therefore parents begin to worry about where they give the “blood”. To stop this moment from being incomprehensible, we will tell you what a combined kindergarten means.

Combined kindergarten - what is it?

In general, kindergartens are classified according to the direction of specialization. So, for example, there are kindergartens of a general educational type, where the intellectual, physical and moral development of children is carried out. Kindergartens-development centers carry out the same tasks, but these institutions are equipped with play complexes, computer labs and swimming pools. Highly specialized (or compensatory) kindergartens are created for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, with a delay in physical and mental development.

And if we talk about a kindergarten of a combined type, then this type of preschool institution includes several groups of different directions. In such a kindergarten, along with groups with the usual, general educational direction of education, there are groups with a special specialization, for example, recreational or compensatory. The combination of groups in a general education institution can be very different. Often among the combined groups in kindergarten there are groups with a speech therapy focus, created for children with speech disorders. There is also a kindergarten with school development groups. Many institutions have groups for children with mental or physical retardation.

In fact, combined type kindergartens are more common than other types, which meets the requirements of modern society. Therefore, parents will be able to choose the specialization of the group necessary for their child, whether it is speech correction, education of giftedness or improvement of the body. You can get a referral from the educational authorities based on the results of the examination by doctors.

There are educational institutions of various types. For example, there is a combined kindergarten: not all parents know what this means.

Mothers are very perplexed about where their child will be. Therefore, it is important to approach the choice of a preschool institution responsibly.

A combined type kindergarten is an institution that combines groups of various orientations. This means that along with healthy children, those who have certain deviations in their state of health can study in a preschool institution. For example, in such kindergartens there are speech therapy, rehabilitation and general developmental groups.

The institution is indicated for the following categories of babies:

• gifted;
• ordinary;
• with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy;
• with speech defects;
• with poor eyesight, hearing;
• lagging behind in mental and physical development;
• co ;
• with a low level

Whether a child needs a kindergarten of a combined type, the pediatrician is able to understand after an examination and analysis of his incidence over the past year. The doctor will be able to determine which group the baby should be sent to. The main purpose of the combined type kindergarten is adaptation to the environment, preparation for further proper development.

For children who have various deviations, such educational institutions help to function at the level of the average person. The formation of groups is carried out, as in a regular kindergarten, according to the age principle.

Kindergartens of a mixed type have the material and technical base, which is necessary for the upbringing and education of healthy kids and those who have certain diseases.

Advantages and disadvantages

Many parents do not know whether to send their child to a combined kindergarten. To make the right decision, you need to understand what advantages and disadvantages such an institution has. According to mothers and pediatricians, mixed-type kindergartens have a lot of advantages.

Among the positive aspects of studying in an institution, it is worth highlighting the following:

• It is believed that children, being in a combined kindergarten, will recognize the characteristics of each other. This gives them the understanding that all people are different;
• psychologists say that children with physical and psychological disabilities adapt faster and develop better when they have the opportunity to observe healthy babies;
• children with a low level of adaptation learn to quickly adapt to new conditions;
• use of individual programs. Ordinary kindergartens are focused on healthy children. Kids with physical and mental disabilities in such an institution have a hard time. The child may face rejection by his classmates, educator. In a combined kindergarten, the pupil is treated taking into account the individual characteristics of his development;
• the child does not feel like an outcast in society. This allows him to grow up as a full-fledged, self-confident person, to arrange his personal life and career normally;
• the institution creates a special staff of educators trained to work with children with certain disabilities. All of them are required to have a medical or pedagogical education. The state has speech therapists, speech pathologists, immunologists, rehabilitation therapists, psychotherapists;
• children in the combined kindergarten are given more attention than in a regular preschool;
• the conditions necessary for the growth and development of a child with specific needs are provided;
• take into account the peculiarities of the baby's reaction to certain foods. For children with gastritis, allergies to certain foods, a special diet is selected;
• physical and mental defects are eliminated or significantly reduced.

The disadvantages of combined kindergartens are as follows:

• problems may arise when registering a child in a regular general education school;
• the enrollment process involves going through a number of stages;
• difficulties in registering in such a preschool institution;
• the combined garden can be located far from the place of residence. This creates certain inconveniences when visiting it;
• In order for such an institution to help a child with certain needs to develop correctly, it is necessary to maintain a special attitude towards the baby at home.

Features of the educational program

If ordinary kindergartens use a single standard plan for the development of the baby, then specialized educational programs are being developed in combined preschool institutions. They are compiled directly by the educator and the head of the institution.

The programs of combined kindergartens describe teaching methods, a list of necessary items and means for the proper development of preschoolers. They involve the introduction of innovations, analysis of the health of the pupil, interaction with the baby's family, and correction work.

The child receives the level of knowledge that he needs to enter a regular school. Educational programs take into account the individual needs of each category of children, therefore they have certain differences.

Education in a mixed type kindergarten can be of three types:

1. frontal. The teacher works with the whole group of children. Classes have a single content, are held strictly according to the schedule. Toddlers interact with each other during the learning process;
2. individual. Gives the teacher the opportunity to work with each child separately. Usually used in severe cases. This approach allows the kid to learn the material well. But great emotional costs are required from the pupil;
3. group. Education takes place in classes of interest. The interaction of children in the educational process is provided.

Teaching methods in combined preschool institutions must fully comply with the standards adopted at the federal level.

How to get into the correctional group?

Getting into the correctional group of the combined kindergarten is not easy. This is not enough. Parents will have to go through a series of stages with their child.

First you need to make an appointment with a pediatrician. It is necessary that the doctor examine the baby, send him to the commission.

You will need to get the conclusion of narrow specialists: for example, a defectologist, a neurologist, a psychologist, a surgeon and a number of other doctors. It all depends on what kind of developmental disorders the baby has. Based on the conclusion, it is determined in which group of a mixed kindergarten it is necessary to place the child.

Usually, parents try to send the baby to a preschool institution located near the house. But kindergartens of the combined type are less common than general developmental ones. In addition, in some institutions there may be no places. With the received conclusion, you should stand in the electronic queue.

To enroll a child in a mixed kindergarten, you must provide the following:

• photo size 9x12;
• a voucher issued by the education committee or the acquisition commission. It should be drawn up on the basis of the conclusion and recommendations of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission for children who have deviations in physical and mental development;
• a copy of the child's birth certificate. It is certified by the head of the educational institution on the basis of presentation of the original. Kept in the baby's personal file;
• a statement written by the parents;
• baby's medical record;
• a copy of the parents' passport pages. Certified on the basis of the provided original.

This is an approximate list of documentation for enrolling a baby in a kindergarten. Combined preschool institutions may require a different package of papers. You need to familiarize yourself with the list of necessary documentation by visiting the educational institution or by calling the administration. The recruitment of a mixed kindergarten is based on a federal order.

The child must be age appropriate. It is determined individually by each institution. It all depends on the material and technical base and personnel of the kindergarten. As a rule, a mixed educational institution accepts kids who are three years old.

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Thus, combined kindergartens consist of groups of different orientations. They can train average kids, with developmental disabilities, gifted people. It is not easy to get into such a place.

You need to go through a number of doctors, get a conclusion, stand in line. But you need to remember that such institutions have a lot of advantages. Thanks to them, a baby with certain characteristics can grow up as a normal full-fledged person.

When parents are faced with the question of which kindergarten to send their child to, then the decision must be made meaningful. You should not enroll your baby in the first institution that is close to home or work. It is better to choose a kindergarten of a combined type, where the approach to the preschooler will be individual, taking into account his development.

Combined garden - what is it

All preschool institutions are divided by specialization. There are general educational gardens, early development centers, narrowly focused and combined institutions. The latter consist of groups of different orientations, they employ highly qualified teachers who will find an approach to any kid.

Classes in a kindergarten of a combined type are held in a cozy atmosphere

The combined kindergarten consists of the following groups:

• general education;
• health;
• speech therapy;
• for gifted children;
• for children with developmental delay.

The combination of groups can be any, depending on the needs of the children. An undoubted advantage for parents is the ability to choose a specific class, taking into account the physical, mental and intellectual development of the child.

The number of groups in the garden is not regulated, but is compiled as needed. The number of people in one group is small, which is an advantage. A preschooler quickly adapts to a new team, and the teacher will always be able to pay attention to everyone.

How to get into MBDOU combined type

In the general education and health group, preschoolers are recruited at the request of their parents. Classes are aimed at maintaining health, general physical and mental development, taking into account all norms.

Speech therapy groups are attended by children with speech delays or other speech disorders. Classes are held in the form of a game, which does not cause the child to feel discomfort.

In order to enroll a preschooler in a specialized group, you will need a certificate from a pediatrician and a speech therapist about the need for such classes.

If the child has mental or physical developmental disorders, then you will have to take a certificate from a neurologist, pediatrician and other specialists. For such children, a special developmental program has been developed that helps to recover quickly. Enrollment is made on the basis of these documents.

Existing kindergartens are subdivided according to the directions and methods of educating children. This list presents their main types and features of the classes conducted in them.

● Types of kindergartens, their features

Kindergarten

Pre-school educational institution for the stay of a child aged 3 to 7 years. Children are engaged in general development: they study the world around them, get acquainted with the basic skills in everyday life, communicate with other children, and prepare for entering school.

The main tasks of a preschool institution in Russia are:

• protecting the life and health of children;
• ensuring the intellectual, personal and physical development of the child;
• implementation of the necessary correction of deviations in the development of the child;
• introducing children to universal values;
• interaction with the family to ensure the full development of the child

Kindergartens are divided by affiliation into:

• municipal,
• departmental,
• private (commercial)
• home (family).

The division of kindergartens by specialization:

• general developmental type;
• child development centers;
• compensation garden;
• combined type kindergarten;
• health-improving kindergarten
• kindergarten supervision and rehabilitation;

• a kindergarten with an ethno-cultural (national) component of education;

• preschool groups of state educational institutions "elementary school - kindergarten";

• preschool groups of state educational institutions "comprehensive school";

• child development center - kindergarten;

• preschool groups of state educational institutions "education center".

In kindergartens, children are divided into groups according to their age and developmental features.

Kindergarten of a general developmental type

The name itself speaks of the specialization of the kindergarten - the comprehensive development of the child.

Such gardens may have different priority areas, such as:

• physical,
• intellectual,
• artistic and aesthetic development

Compensatory Kindergarten

Specialization - correction for certain deviations, both mental and physical development of the child.

Compensatory education involves the organization of rehabilitation classes leading to the elimination of various disorders that do not include mental disabilities.

Groups in such kindergartens are formed from children who experience pronounced difficulties in mastering regular general education programs according to their age. The main task that the kindergarten of a compensating type solves is to help children restore and strengthen normal neuropsychic and physical health.

Indications for attending a compensatory kindergarten:

• diseases associated with visual impairment;
• hearing problems;
• diseases that violate the functions of the musculoskeletal system;
• problems with psychological balance (nervousness, aggressiveness, increased nervous excitability, irritability);
• speech defects.

In addition to the listed indications, referral to groups can be given to children who often suffer from acute respiratory viral diseases (ARI) and a weakened immune system.

IN kindergartens of the compensating type are not only treated, but also educated and trained in accordance with a special program. These kindergartens have consultation points where parents can get advice, recommendations on how to act in a particular case. To get into the kindergarten of a compensating type, you need a referral from a pediatrician and a certificate from specialists in the kindergarten profile.

Kindergarten of combined type

The composition of such an institution includes compensatory, general developmental and recreational groups, and in completely different combinations.

Kindergarten of rehabilitation and care

The priority of activity is the implementation of preventive, sanitary and hygienic, health-improving procedures, as well as other measures aimed at the above goals.

Preschool educational institution "Child Development Center"

This is a specialized kindergarten in which psychological, including physical development, rehabilitation and correction of pupils is carried out.

It is in such centers that most often there are sports and recreation complexes, swimming pools, children's theaters, etc.

Many kindergartens have specialized groups:

-groups of preparation for general education school;
- elementary school preparation groups;
- preschool groups from education centers;

Preschool group "Education Center"

Education Center - a type of state educational institution that implements general educational programs:

• preschool
• primary general
• main general
• secondary (complete) general education
• professional training programs for students
• additional education based on continuity, continuity, accessibility and personal orientation of students, taking into account the educational needs of the population.

Approaching the age of a child of 3 years old, parents are wondering about the further development of their child in kindergarten. Surprisingly, there are not so few types of kindergartens.

In distribution at the place of residence the kid goes to the nearest preschool institution, which turned out to be a garden of a combined type. What is a combined garden and how does it differ from other preschool institutions?

A distinctive feature of kindergartens from each other is the specification of the institution, i.e. What exactly does the garden specialize in?

To the organization of a kindergarten of a combined type includes several specialized groups, where, together with general development groups, specialized compensatory or health-improving groups function.

The combination of such groups in one garden not regulated. It should be noted that the most common group in the combined garden is speech therapy. Pupils with lags in the correct speech pronunciation are enrolled in it.

Pupils of a kindergarten of a combined type receive the whole range of activities necessary for their development: physical education, music, fine arts, modeling, speech and counting classes, and much more.

Children of specialized groups for a number of reasons, they receive additional classes to eliminate their existing defects. As a result, children further enrich their vocabulary, develop literate communication skills, get acquainted with sounds and letters.

The combined kindergarten has a mixed structure. The proportions of specialized groups and general developmental groups do not have clear criteria.

Kindergarten teachers can easily combine the calculation of healthy children and children with disabilities. Initially, the reception and registration of both children is exactly the same.

Combined kindergarten opening hours no different from other gardens and also coincides with the typical work schedule of parents of babies from 7 am to 7 pm. The diet, sleep and activities are also carried out in accordance with federal state standards.

Of the total number of existing types of preschool institutions, the combined garden is one of the most common. And this is not surprising, given the current demands of the public. It is very convenient to combine several types of specialization in working with children in one preschool educational organization.

Of the total number of children in a certain municipal area, there will be children who need other development assistance than general developmental: speech correction, health improvement, psychocorrection and more.

If the child has appropriate indications, he can be sent to a special specification group in the educational authorities based on the results of the examination by doctors.

If the parent is sure that the child should attend the specialized group in the kindergarten of the combined type, or there is a conclusion of an examination by a speech therapist and a psychologist about the presence of deviations in the child, then it is necessary to contact the commission that sends children to such groups.

Only the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission can give a referral to a specialized group.

Children are strictly recruited into the speech therapy group senior and preparatory age who have unacceptable speech deviations at their age. Such groups are divided into pupils with a simple speech delay and ZPR.

In speech therapy groups of children learn to make sounds, which they pronounce incorrectly or with difficulty, and also learn how to properly build words in sentences. Speech therapists and educational psychologists work with children in addition to educators.

In ZPR-groups, the process of development of children is a little more complicated with the involvement of specialists not only speech therapists, but also speech pathologists.

According to curriculum classes in the ZPR and speech therapy groups are carried out with a greater load and intensity than in ordinary general developmental groups. Specialists help pupils develop their mental potential along with speech.

In fact, the results show that after graduating from a preschool educational institution, graduates of specialized groups fully prepared for school on a par with their peers from general developmental groups. They are ready for school loads, they know how to express their thoughts and are developed in elementary household self-service.

As we have already understood, the kindergarten of the combined type bears such a name due to the existence of specialized groups in it. These groups are neither good nor evil, they are need for children developmentally delayed who need special attention.