Particle not with different parts of speech examples. Spelling particles not with all parts of speech
Writing Not with different parts of speech depends on whether Not part of a word (prefix) or a separate word - a negative particle. Console Not- written together with the part of the word that follows it, particle Not written separately with the word following it. Compare for example: It’s not execution that’s scary, it’s your disfavor that’s scary.(P.); A difficult lot, not a joyful one, / Was drawn out for you by fate, / And early on, with a merciless life, / You entered into an unequal battle(Tyutch.).
The difficulty for the writer is to distinguish between particles and prefixes. The rules are structured to help the writer differentiate the prefix Not- and a particle Not and based on this, choose a combined or separate spelling.
Particle Not expresses negation without creating a new word, whereas with the help of a prefix Not- a word is created, compare: The reason for this is not experience, but prudence. And Inexperience leads to disaster(P.).
With words of only grammatical categories Not can only be written separately, with words of other categories - both together and separately. In addition, there are conditions that determine only continuous writing Not regardless of the grammatical category of words. Only the negative is written separately Not , relating to a whole phrase.
Continuous writing NOT
Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word negation Not written together in the following cases.
1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of a word that does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word, For example:
Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, illness, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, troubles, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, infidel;
Adjectives (as well as adverbs formed from them in O ): careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchangeable, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, unending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, miserable, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly;
Verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unwell, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb;
Adverbs and other fixed words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really.
2. If the part of the word without, when used independently, has a different meaning unrelated to the given word , For example: ignorance(‘lack of awareness’; conducting means ‘field of activity’, compare: was in his charge...); flaw('flaw'; prosperity means ‘prosperity, lack of need’); misfortune(‘trouble’, not ‘lack of happiness’), unimportant('bad'; important means ‘proud’ and ‘significant’); narrow-minded(‘not very smart’; far means ‘at a great distance’); lack(meaning ‘not enough’), enemy('enemy'). Compare also: unprecedented case, incorrect light, incredible event, impossible character, involuntary lie, worthless boy, immediate response, immediate reaction; unevenness(meaning ‘uneven place on the surface’); no wonder(meaning ‘not in vain’).
3. As part of the prefixes under- and nebez- (heaven-):
under- with the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to the norm, for example: underweight, imperfection, runt, underestimation, shortcoming; unripe, underdeveloped; to underfulfill, not to deliver, to undernourish, not to receive, not to say, to overlook, to undersalt, not to sleep, to miss;
From verbs with a prefix under- verbs with the prefix should be distinguished before- and the preceding particle Not(such verbs with a particle Not indicate an action not completed). Compare: Didn't look after the child And Didn't watch the play to the end; They are chronically malnourished And He usually doesn't finish his portion.
not without- (heaven-) with a value of a moderate but quite significant degree of the attribute, for example: notorious(‘quite famous’), not unreasonable, not useless(‘quite useful’), not fruitful(‘pretty effective’).
Separate writing NOT
Negation is not written separately in the following cases.
1. With all forms of verbs :
a) with the infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: don't know, don't know, don't know, didn't know, didn't know, take your time, take your time, take your time, don't like it, no luck;
b) with short forms of participles, for example: not used, not starched, not uncorked, not designed, not closed, not occupied, not drunk;
c) with participles, for example: without wanting, without being distracted, without haste, without joking, without having time, without meeting.
From gerunds with a particle Not should be distinguished:
a) adverb immediately(‘immediately, immediately’), compare: Got to work immediately And Without delaying the answer, he sat down to write the letter;
b) complex prepositions despite, despite, compare: Came despite the difficulties And Walked without looking around; c) union although.
2. With numerals and counting nouns , For example: not one, not two, not five, not both, not the sixth, not a hundred, not a thousand, not a million.
3. With pronominal words , For example: not me, not me, not you, not you, not he, not that one, not mine, not ours, not theirs, not anyone, not like that, not everyone, not everyone, not so much, not like that, not always, not everywhere, not in my own voice, not myself.
4. With adjectives used only in short form : not happy, shouldn't, not much.
5. With adverbs (except for those formed from adjectives using the suffix -O ), and with unchangeable words used as a predicate , For example: not close, not on time, not completely, not rightly, not for the future, not seriously, not casually, not yesterday, not to the full, not tomorrow, not in vain, not otherwise, not forever, not forever, not on purpose, not very, not behind , not completely, not today, not too much, not from above, not immediately; no shame, not married, no shame, no need.
There are a few exceptions to this rule: adverbs not far away, inopportunely, shortly, not for long, not much can be written both together and separately.
6. With any words written with a hyphen, For example: not commercial and industrial, not scientific research, not a conference hall, not a social democrat, not comradely, not Russian, not ours.
7. With any combination of words :
a) with combinations consisting of significant words (in these cases, the negation does not refer to the word that follows Not , but to a whole phrase), for example: not a candidate of sciences, not a citizen of Russia, not a researcher, not a specialist in the field of philology, not directly proportional;
b) with prepositional combinations, for example: not for children, not for the sake of glory, not with them, not on the way, not without reason, not under authority, not according to conscience, not from the timid, not about war, not in the spirit, not able, not in my mind, not to the face, beyond the power.
Integrated/separate spelling NOT
With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in -O , full forms of participles Not can be written both together and separately.
-O negation Not written separately in the following cases.
1. As part of structures with opposition : not... but, not... but, ... and not... In such designs Not can only be a negative particle, for example:
Not happiness, but just luck; He told not the truth, but half-truths(compare: He told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(compare: His dislike for animals);
Not a good person, but rather a bad one(compare: He's not a good person); The title is quirky and not original.(compare: Unoriginal title); Not an ordinary egg, but a golden one(compare: Not an easy question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only harsher ;
You did not act badly, but terribly; It's not easy to figure this out, but it's very simple..
The particle is also written Not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of a conjunction A , For example: This is not entertainment, this is a lesson; It's not a pleasant sight - it's a breathtaking sight; A gift is not precious, but love is precious; He acts not more energetically - more fussily.
Such constructions should be distinguished from oppositions of a different kind, in which conjunctions A And But close in value to although, still, nevertheless, For example: The river was not wide, but deep; He is ugly, but smart; She is short but slender; An inexpensive gift, but nice; Ugly, but cute; Not stupid, but boring. Here it is not denied that the river was wide, that he is handsome, etc., but it is asserted that the river is not wide, that he is ugly, etc.
2. As part of constructions that reinforce negation:
A) with words not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all , For example: This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;
b) with negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, no, no, no etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He's not any prettier than his sister;
V) with the union no no, For example: The man is not known to either the hosts or the guests; Not needed by me or you.
Constructions that reinforce negation should be distinguished from constructions that emphasize affirmative meaning.
3. In combinations almost..., almost..., isn't it..., no further than..., no later than..., no earlier than...
With nouns, adjectives, adverbs -O negation is NOT written together in the following cases X
1. If the word with cannot be replaced with a word without a similar meaning. This possibility suggests that Not – a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-intervention(neutrality), not true(lie); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(superficial), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), often(often), not easy(difficult), not close(far), a lot(a lot of).
2. If nouns and adjectives in combination with do not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena , For example: non-doctors, non-Franius, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-verses; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, bloodied, / Muse cut with a whip(Necr.); A non-doctor will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; A non-Egyptologist will not understand him; A non-mathematician cannot solve this problem; A non-linguist will not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries .
3. If there is no modifier or preposition before the noun c. The presence of these words is a sign that Not forms a single word with a given noun, for example: Dismissed for absenteeism; My eternal bad luck is to blame for everything; Added to his lack of prudence was his ever-present indecision; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I doze at balls, / Before them, a mortal reluctance(Gr.).
4. If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb, -O there are words very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (enough), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, eminently– words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the characteristic, emphasizing the statement, For example: very unscrupulous work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and sluggish, answered extremely unintelligibly and unsatisfactorily, very outstanding, very thoughtless, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly an inappropriate undertaking, rather unsuccessful ending, quite consistent, blatantly illiterate, exceptionally unfavorable circumstances , highly indecent.
However, words like absolutely, completely, can be used in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words written with not separately. Compare for example: absolutely(completely) unsuccessful performance And he is absolutely human(completely) not old(possibly a synonymous combination not old at all).
5. If the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs contains qualifying adverbs , For example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, increasingly inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the comparative form is used in negative constructions like: there is nothing worse than... or in construction with conjunctions than... the, For example: the simpler the better; the further you go, the more disappointing.
From a number of adjectives with the prefix Not- and corresponding adverbs of the comparative degree are not formed. These include formations with Not- from words that have forms with a suffix -e And -she (For example: not rich, not easy, not loud, not subtle, not far), with stressed suffix -her (For example: weak, unclear, uncomplicated, sad). Therefore, the usual spellings are not richer, not simpler, not louder, not further, not stronger, not clearer, not more fun.
However, very rarely forms of comparative degree from such formations with Not- found, for example: The floating ghost has become even more unclear(P.); There was nothing simpler, more secretive than him in all the Izvals(Boon.).
In all other cases, in the absence of words in the context that help to recognize negation or affirmation and, therefore, distinguish the particle Not from the console Not- , the writer must check which words—strengthening a negation or emphasizing a statement—are possible in meaning in a given context.
If it is possible to substitute words that express opposition or strengthen negation ( at all, not at all etc.), is not written separately, for example: The way there(not at all) not distant; the weather was(not at all) not hot; He(far) not calm; They(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Admit your mistake(at all) not humiliating; Left, but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it’s not bad that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.
If possible, substitution of words emphasizing the statement ( very, enough and etc.), Not written together, for example: The way there(Very) close-minded; They live(very) not rich; the weather was(enough) not hot; He(Very) restless; They(obviously) innocent; Left, but(Very) not for long; May be,(Very) and it’s a good thing he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(very) not easy.
Unlike participles, with any dependent words (except for words that strengthen negation), writing such adjectives with Not remains merged, for example: a role unusual for her, a person unfamiliar to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not prone to boasting, in places inaccessible to children, the island has long been uninhabited.
Thus, the writer must be aware of what he wants to express: the negation of a sign - and then write Not separately from the next word(For example: he is not healthy, it doesn’t matter, cases are not rare, not by chance, not significant, not surprising, not democratically) or statement of the attribute - and then write Not together (compare: he is unhealthy, it is not uncommon, it does not matter, it is not by chance, it is insignificant, it is not surprising, in an undemocratic way). The choice of writing will determine the understanding of what is written by the readers.
With full forms of participles, the negation is not written separately:
A) if they have dependent words , For example: a person who does not disdain any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who haven't seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; an object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obliged to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; roof not painted since spring;
b) as part of constructions with opposition or constructions that reinforce negation, For example: this is not a finished work, but some sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - loved; not at all calmed down, not at all embarrassed, not at all happy, not noticed by anyone, never discouraged, not loved by anyone.
Negation is not written together with full forms of participles:
A) in the absence of dependent words , For example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, unemployed pensioners, non-combatants, unbloomed flower, unrealized advantage, unproven theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unwatered plants;
b) as part of constructions emphasizing the statement, for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very rash act, clearly unreasonable demands.
76. Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI.
1. Written separately:
- particles would(b), same(g), whether(l) (would have read, would have gone, the same),
- particles here, after all, they say, as if, etc. (He's not from here. You know that!);
2. Written with a hyphen:
- particles of something, something, either, -ka, -de, -s, -tka, -tko, -yes (yes, someone, give it to him, enough),
Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech
| Part of speech |
apart |
|
| 1. if without is not used (ignorant, adversity), |
1. if there is or is implied opposition; not a friend, but an enemy), |
|
| 1. if the base is not used (careless, nondescript). |
1. if there is or is implied opposition with the conjunction a (not big, small), |
|
| with indefinite and negative pronouns without prepositions (several, no one, something) |
always written separately (not three, not seventh) |
|
| pronoun | with other categories of pronouns (not in my class, not on our floor) | |
| if without it is not used (to hate, to be perplexed) |
with all other verbs (not to know, to cry |
|
| if without not not used (hating, perplexed) |
with all other participles (not knowing, for crying) |
|
| participle |
| having given communion |
if full participles do not have dependent words with them (unattended student) |
1 . if full participles have dependent words (a student who did not arrive on time), |
| 1 . if without is not used (ridiculously, carelessly), |
1. adverbs ending in -o, -e, if there is or implies opposition (not funny, but sad), |
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI."
- Particle as a functional part of speech - Particle 7th grade
- Particles - Morphology. Functional parts of speech grade 10
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
76. Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI.
1. Written separately:
- particles would(b), same(g), whether(l) (would have read, would have gone, the same),
- particles here, after all, they say, as if, etc. (He's not from here. You know that!);
2. Written with a hyphen:
- particles of something, something, either, -ka, -de, -s, -tka, -tko, -yes (yes, someone, give it to him, enough),
Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech
| Part of speech |
apart |
|
| 1. if without is not used (ignorant, adversity), |
1. if there is or is implied opposition; not a friend, but an enemy), |
|
| 1. if the base is not used (careless, nondescript). |
1. if there is or is implied opposition with the conjunction a (not big, small), |
|
| with indefinite and negative pronouns without prepositions (several, no one, something) |
always written separately (not three, not seventh) |
|
| pronoun | with other categories of pronouns (not in my class, not on our floor) | |
| if without it is not used (to hate, to be perplexed) |
with all other verbs (not to know, to cry |
|
| if without not not used (hating, perplexed) |
with all other participles (not knowing, for crying) |
|
| participle |
| having given communion |
if full participles do not have dependent words with them (unattended student) |
1 . if full participles have dependent words (a student who did not arrive on time), |
| 1 . if without is not used (ridiculously, carelessly), |
1. adverbs ending in -o, -e, if there is or implies opposition (not funny, but sad), |
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI."
- Particle as a functional part of speech - Particle 7th grade
- Particles - Morphology. Functional parts of speech grade 10
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
Often, when writing, people encounter certain spelling problems that can put a person into a creative stupor. For example, many people do not know when to write “not” and when to write “neither”. Often people get confused. The use of particles “not” and “ni” with different parts of speech is carried out according to clear rules. Knowing them will allow you to cope with the correct spelling of words in the text.
Total particle value
So, more details. Each of the particles is endowed with its own meaning, which plays a key role in the direct placement of word forms in a certain position. In order to understand when “neither” is written and when “not”, you need to familiarize yourself with the general appearance of the corresponding rule.
| The use of particles is not | Using particles neither |
| Expression of basic negation: We Not let's go on a trip. | Giving the effect of enhanced negation: I didn’t see neither stars. |
| Usage in the form of stable elements: This student not at all fool! | Use as stable phrases: His clothes - neither caftan nor cassock. |
| In negative or interrogative sentences (quite often “not” goes side by side with the particle “only”): What am I only Not got up to it on the eve of the summer holidays! | Negation in a sentence that lacks a subject: In an abandoned castle neither souls. |
Use as a repeating element (particle) Young grandchildren Not could Notthink about the well-being of your grandmother. |
Spelling particles for nouns and adjectives
Let's look at combinations with specific parts of speech. In the first case, the use of the particles “not” and “nor” is subject to a rule that has a slight aspect that relates to both the adjective and the noun. What does it mean?
If a synonym can be found for a certain word that does not have the prefix “not-,” then it is written together in both cases:
My friends saw a small (=small, compact) house on the lawn;
There is no need to tell me lies (=lies, deception).
And if after the corresponding word there is a contrast in the form of “conjunction “a” + antonym”, it is necessary to write “not” separately:
This stone road is not wide, and narrow;
I don't consider him a friend and the enemy.
Also, “not” is written separately from the adjective in the following cases:
- designation of any color or taste: he did not draw scarlet sails;
- comparative degree: but I am no lower than my brother.
Spelling particles for verbs and gerunds
Since participles are a special form of the verb, both parts of speech have a common basis in the form of a single rule. Almost always, the listed elements of the Russian language are separated from “not”:
Without thinking about his future, he rarely attached importance to education;
The snow-white horse did not dare to jump over the fence.
Spelling particles for participles
When faced with these parts of speech, people often think about when to write “not” and when to write “neither”, which entails a number of small problems. In fact, the situation is not complicated at all, you just need to pay close attention to some aspects.
| Continuous writing | Separate writing |
Absence of dependent words with the full form of the participle: I still have it in my pocket Not wasted money. | The presence of dependent words in the full participle: Not solved excellent student task |
| The role of dependent words in the full participle is played by adverbs of degree or measure: this is absolutely Not appropriate place | When the opposition is placed, which is expressed using the conjunction “a”: in the flowerbed one could see Not blossoming, and fading roses |
| The participle is characterized by a short form: ours with some more requests Not sent |
Spelling particles for pronouns
If there is a preposition between 2 elements of a pronoun, then this combination will be expressed as three separate words. For example:
My father has no one to borrow a small amount of money from;
In the first lesson we had nothing to talk about.
The greatest number of questions arise when using “not” and “neither” as prefixes. In fact, everything is very simple:
There is also another rule that allows you to clarify when you write “not” and when “neither” when encountering certain constructions. Here it is:
Spelling particles for adverbs
Any negative adverb will be written together with the elements “not” or “nor”. For example:
I don’t regret the action I took at all;
My friend doesn’t need to bring a cheat sheet with him: he already knows all the answers.
But the particle is separated from the main word in some cases. If:
- an adverb should be written with a hyphen: you are not behaving like a Christian;
- next to it is an intensifying adverb: we do not Very we want to go to school;
- adverb does not end with the letters -e or -o: I don’t always draw colorful pictures.
A significant part of the considered uninflected parts of speech ending in -o or -e are subject to rules that have their own special characteristic. Here they are:
Spelling particles with conjunctions and prepositions
In the Russian language, in addition to independent parts of speech, there are also service parts, which are a kind of “sticky” segments, thanks to which sentences acquire a coherent and logically complete appearance. These small elements can also be located next to the “not” and “nor” particles. The rules governing such situations are quite clear with a brief explanation of the essence:
- “not” is always separated from coordinating conjunctions, but lends itself to merging in the area of the compound conjunction that” (= although);
- “not” is written separately with all non-derivative prepositions, but together - with “despite” or “despite” (= in spite of);
- “not” is part of only one particle “really”; in other cases the negative particle is written separately.
Educational and methodological manual
Particle “not” with different parts of speech
Kiryakova Marina Viktorovna
GBOU No. 513 St. Petersburg
The manual is addressed to students who have difficulty choosing the combined and separate spelling of words of different parts of speech with NOT.
The manual contains theoretical material, a summary table that is easy to use when completing tasks, and the tasks themselves.
Theoretical material
If a word is not used without NOT, then it and the words derived from it are written together with NOT.
Spelling NOT with adjectives, nouns and adverbs in o/e
When starting to work on the task, you must remember that a particle written separately from the word does NOT express negation. For example, not red, not green - this is a negation of a color, and not an indication that it is another specific color, not a notebook, not a house does not tell us about a different meaning of the word, but only denies that these objects belong to the house or notebook. If you choose a combined spelling with NOT, then in most cases we are talking about a new meaning of the word (synonym). For example, foe means enemy low means low not good means bad. This is a fundamental difference when choosing a combined and separate spelling of words with NOT.
Important to remember! If you use negative words far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, then in this case the writing will be separate. For example, not an interesting story , that is, there is no new meaning in this expression, as there would be if you simply said uninteresting story (i.e. boring)
In the event that the phrase contains an adversative conjunction A, that sentence contains a negation (of a sign, object or quality), and accordingly is NOT written separately. For example, he is not my friend, but my enemy; the building is not tall, but squat.
Of course, this does not exhaust all cases of using the NOT particle. What was discussed above applies to nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in o/e, although there are exceptions (see table)
Spelling NOT with verbs, gerunds and numerals
With verbs, gerunds and numerals, NOT is always written separately, except in cases where the word is not used without NOT. For example, not read, not reading, not alone, but hating, hating.
Important!
When the particle NOT is used twice with verbs, the opposite effect occurs; instead of negation, NOT expresses the need for action.
For example, I can’t help but say, I can’t help but agree, I can’t help but admit , i.e. the meaning of these expressions I must say, I must agree, I must confess.
Important!
It is necessary to distinguish between the prefix NOT and the prefix NEDO, which indicates a deficiency in the norm. For example, the baby didn't finish his porridge (negation of action, therefore written separately). During the Siege, people were malnourished (written together, since there was not enough food, the prefix NEDO is used here).
Spelling NOT with participles
Single participles are written with NOT together. For example, unfinished business, unread manuscript bird.
If the participle contains an explanatory word (with the exception of words denoting the degree of quality), then the participle with NOT is written separately; if words like extremely, completely, completely (adverbs of measure and degree) are given as an explanatory word, then the participles are usually written with NOT together. For example, completely inappropriate way out.
Spelling NOT with pronouns and pronominal adverbs
Difficulty in writing NOT with this part of speech usually occurs when using negative and indefinite pronouns; in this case, we must remember that in 99% of cases they are written together with NOT, unless there is a preposition. For example, someone, nothing, no time.
If there is a preposition, then they are written in three words. For example, no one, nothing to talk about.
It is NOT written separately with pronouns of other categories. For example, not me, not everyone, not like that.
"Not with different parts of speech"
|
It is written smoothly |
Written separately |
|
If it is not used without “not” For example: hate, unwell, slob, careless, disliked. |
With verbs and gerunds For example: don't work not working |
|
With nouns, adverbs ending in - o-e-, qualitative adjectives, if they can be replaced by synonyms, there are no words “at all”, “far”, “not at all”, “at all” and there is no opposition. For example: impolite = rude enemy = enemy not good = bad not interesting at all far from handsome |
With nouns, possessive and relative adjectives, adverbs O-e-, with full participles, if there is a contrast For example: not a friend, but an enemy a letter not sent, but forgotten on the table not good, but bad |
|
Complete single participles without oppositions For example: unlearned lesson unfinished business |
With numerals For example: more than once not the eleventh |
|
Full participles, in which there are adverbs of measure and degree as dependent words For example, completely thoughtless decision |
With participles, if they have dependent words (not adverbs of measure and degree) For example: not plowed on time a lesson I didn't learn |
|
With negative and indefinite pronouns without preposition For example: some |
|
|
With derivative prepositions For example: regardless of despite |
With short participles For example: not done unread |
|
With adjectives starting with -my- For example: unloved |
With an adjective on -my-, if it has an explanatory word starting with "ni" For example: loved by no one not at all loved |
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With negative and indefinite pronouns with preposition For example: no one has |
|
|
With short adjectives that do not have a full form (especially as part of a predicate) For example: should not |
|
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With adverbs not in -o-e- For example: not really not at first nearby not far away unaware a little bit Inadvertently |
Training tasks
1. The rain (did not) bring relief.
2. The task was (not) completed.
3. He (not) saw the war.
4. The animals (not) ran away, but waited at the feeding trough.
5. (Without) reading, it is difficult to become a literate person.
6. (Without) understanding what happened, you cannot make decisions.
7. (Not) can (not) participate in the competition.
8. I (not) feel well.
9. He left without (not) turning around and (not) saying goodbye.
10.I (not) had enough attention.
11. We (not) wondered about the motives of his action.
12.Working a lot, I often (didn’t) get enough sleep.
13. (Not) a clean cook (not) poured sugar into the dish.
14. (Not) noticing the catch, Yegor entered the house.
15.Why is the room (not) cleaned?
16. (Not) grass cut on time.
17.Completely (not) developed material.
18. (Not) finished, but a letter started (not) long ago.
19.No one’s (not) favorite subject.
20. (Not) forward-looking helmsman.
1. He did a (not) beautiful deed.
2. What came out of the forest was (not) a man, but an animal.
3. This is (not) a wooden house.
4. The river is (not) wide, but narrow.
5. The gorge is (not) large, but very deep.
6. My friend fell into (un)freedom.
7. (Un)truth destroys friendship.
8. (Ignorant) visitor.
9. A (un)known writer.
10. Absolutely (not) the right decision.
11.I saw (not) a friend, but my worst enemy.
12.(Not) a light burden.
13. It was (not) a huge, but a very small building.
14.(Un)sportsmanlike behavior.
15. (Not) sports shoes, but ballet shoes.
16. It was (not) a difficult decision for me.
17.The weather was (not) reigning outside the window.
18.He did a (not) nice thing.
19. (Not) the grouse always scatters things.
20. In front of me lay clearly (not) my mother’s jewelry.
1. We (more than) times admired the sunset
2. Victor (not) had time to watch TV.
3. (Not) what entered the room.
4. I live (not) on the fifth floor.
5. (Not) which people like to travel.
6. It was (not) me who did it.
7. (Not) my briefcase.
8. She (not) went to the cinema alone.
9. He did (not) well.
10. Misha acted (not) in a friendly way.
11.Mom (not) told me about this once.
12.I (have) no one to go to the theater with.
13. She (not) herself.
14. (Not) like a whirlwind.
15. (Don’t) come to us slowly.
16. Roman was (not) third in line.
17. The family had (not) four, but five children.
18.We (don’t) have anyone to ask for directions.
19. The lesson was (not) boring.
20. (Not) anyone can get there.
check yourself
Verb, gerund, participle
1. The rain did not bring relief.
2. The task was not completed.
3. He hated war.
4. The animals did not run away, but waited at the feeding trough.
5. Without reading, it is difficult to become a literate person.
6. Without understanding what happened, you cannot make decisions.
7. I can’t help but participate in the competition.
8. I'm not feeling well.
9. He left without turning around or saying goodbye.
10.I lacked attention.
11.We were perplexed about the motives of his action.
12.Working a lot, I often did not get enough sleep.
13. The dishonest cook did not add sugar to the dish.
14. Without noticing the catch, Yegor entered the house.
15.Why is the room not cleaned?
16.Grass not mowed on time.
17. Completely undeveloped material.
18.Not a finished letter, but a recently started letter.
19.No one’s favorite subject.
20. Helmsman not looking forward.
Adjectives, nouns
1. He committed an ugly act.
2. It was not a man, but an animal that came out of the forest.
3. This is not a wooden house.
4. The river is not wide, but narrow.
5. The gorge is small, but very deep.
6. My friend was in captivity.
7. Untruth destroys friendship.
8. Ignorant visitor.
9. An unknown writer.
10. Absolutely not the right decision.
11. I saw not a friend, but my worst enemy.
12. Not a light burden.
13. It was not a huge, but a very small building.
14.Unsportsmanlike conduct.
15. Not sports shoes, but ballet shoes.
16. For me it was not a difficult decision.
17. Bad weather reigned outside the window.
18. He committed an ugly act.
19. A slob always throws things around.
20. What lay in front of me was clearly not my mother’s jewelry.
Pronouns, adverbs, numerals
1. We admired the sunset more than once
1. Victor had no time to watch TV.
2. Something entered the room.
3. I do not live on the fifth floor.
4. Some people love to travel.
5. It wasn't me who did this.
6. Not my briefcase.
7. She didn’t go to the cinema alone.
8. He did something wrong.
9. Misha acted in an unfriendly manner.
10.Mom told me about this more than once.
11.I have no one to go to the theater with.
12. She is not herself.
13. Something like a whirlwind.
14. Come to us immediately.
15. Roman was not third in line.
16. The family had not four, but five children.
17. We have no one to ask us for directions.
18. The lesson was not boring.
19.Not just anyone can get there.
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