Tulips. Growing and caring for tulips

It is safe to say that spring has not yet arrived until the handsome tulips appear. To celebrate these beautiful flowers, some interesting facts were collected about them, which we suggest that you familiarize yourself with.

asian flower

Tulips originated in Central Asia hundreds of years ago and were brought to Turkey, where they became an important part of the local culture.

The word "tulip" comes from the Turkish word "turban". This name is sometimes referred to the shape of the headdress. It is also believed that it came from the fact that the Turks wore a tulip stem in their turbans.

Mania for tulips

Tulips migrated to Europe in the middle of the 16th century, and they appeared in the Netherlands by the 17th century.

The so-called "tulip mania" was developed during the Dutch "golden age", as a result of which the tulip market grew to a huge extent before disappearing. It was the first flower to be widely speculated in the market.

At the height of the "tulip mania", from about 1634 to 1637, some bulbs were thought to be valued at more than ten times their value. They began to bring an annual income to artisans skilled in breeding them, who grew rich from this occupation.

The Netherlands is still the world's largest producer and exporter of tulips worldwide.

There are 75 recognized species of tulips and over 3,000 varieties.

The gorgeous streak that highlights the petals of some tulips was originally caused by a viral infection, but today this desired effect is an intentional result of selective breeding.

Tulips reproduce using bulbs, which are living plants with autonomous nutrients, not seeds.

The bulbs must be planted in the fall to flower in the spring because the biochemical processes require a long period of inactivity to cause them to bloom.

An interesting fact is that tulips can be "forced" to bloom if stored in a cold place, such as a refrigerator, for at least 12 weeks.

Tulips belong to the lily family and are classified as herbaceous perennials.

Their petals look like they are edible. However, it is not recommended to eat them.

There is a huge variety of tulips, but the most famous type is Queen of the Night. The flower is dark purple. It is so saturated that it looks like black.

Flowers in most varieties are striking in their absolute symmetry.

In the homeland of tulips, there is a peculiar climate - very cold winters and extremely hot summers. Therefore, these flowers are hardy and quite easily tolerate temperature changes. Including most types of tulips can withstand quite cold winters and severe frosts.

Tulip was brought to Europe in the 17th century. Since then, breeders have bred varieties of all colors, shapes and sizes.

The diameter of a tulip flower is usually 4-20 cm. The color of flowers is monophonic, as well as with various color transitions (usually they affect the edges of the petals and the middle of the flower), interspersed or striped.

Usually there is one flower on the peduncle, but there are varieties on the stems of which 2-6 flowers bloom.

The shape of the flower is also very different in different varieties. Flowers in tulips are terry, goblet, lily-colored and other forms. An interesting variety with petals bent outward - the so-called star shape.

The leaves are also varied - both in color (different shades of green) and in shape.

The aroma of flowers is usually well expressed and happens with lily of the valley or clove notes.

Brief information - flower dossier

Early tulips are grown only at home, forcing is used for their flowering. Most of the species of this flower are intended for open ground, however, if desired, they can also be “settle” in boxes on a balcony or terrace.

Dwarf and botanical (wild) species of tulips are especially unpretentious, they grow even in stony gardens and tolerate frosty winters well. In addition, their bulbs are not taken out of the ground for the summer.

For more decorative types of tulips, take bulbs out of the ground. This is done in the spring, after flowering, when the foliage of the tulips turns yellow and begins to dry. The bulbs are dried and stored in a dry, dark room in shallow ventilated containers (preferably baskets).

In autumn, the bulbs are planted in open ground at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from each other. The ideal planting time is 1.5-2 months before the first frost, so they have time to take root for wintering.

Why are bulbs taken out at all? There are several reasons for this. Firstly, there is less risk for the bulbs to become damp and be affected by diseases. Secondly, our climatic conditions are not quite suitable for the dormancy of tulip bulbs, so decorative varieties, if left in the ground for the summer, begin to shrink and lose their beauty. Thirdly, tulip bulbs are regularly dug up to avoid deepening, as well as for the timely separation of children (daughter bulbs).

Tulips need a very bright place, they tolerate direct sunlight well. Tulips are a must.

Tulips are not afraid of low temperatures, the bulbs easily tolerate even twenty-degree frosts. But for a flower to bloom, a temperature of 18-22 ° C is needed. At higher and lower temperatures, the flowering of the tulip is reduced, and it usually blooms for about two weeks.

Tulips are watered under the root, avoiding water on the leaves and flowers. Watering frequency - 2-3 times every 10 days.

reproduction

Tulips are propagated by separation from the children of the main maternal bulb. To stimulate the formation of well-developed babies, tulip flowers are cut at the initial stages of flowering.

Children are separated in the spring, while digging the bulbs. They are planted in the fall, planting rules are the same as for adult bulbs.

However, you need to monitor the distance between the bulbs. The diameter of the children is usually 2-5 cm, and the planting depth directly depends on the diameter - it should be about three times as large (i.e. 6-15 cm). As for the distance between the bulbs, it should be 3 times greater than the planting depth.

Diseases and pests

Diseases can occur in tulips both at the time of flowering and vegetation, and at the stage of storage of bulbs.

Flowering plants and their leaves may be affected mainly snails, they are fought with special baits and traps.

Bulbs can hurt:

* From fungi (tracheomycosis) and bacteria- they cause either rotting of the bulbs, or degeneration of the plant - the flower is very weak and almost does not bloom. To avoid such diseases, dig up the bulbs after the tulips have faded, store them in well-ventilated containers installed in dry and cool rooms.

* From ticks. From mites, red spots appear on the surface of the bulbs, which then begin to rot. Ticks are fought with the help of special preparations - acaricides.

Also, the leaves and flower of the plant may be affected. gray mold. If you notice pronounced signs of disease of an individual plant (or bulb), it should be isolated from the rest and destroyed.

Acquisition

When purchasing tulip bulbs, pay attention to their appearance. The size of the bulbs should be of decent size, have the correct rounded shape, they should not have any defects or signs of infection - stains, rot.

Tulips in pots are purchased at a time when it is already possible to understand what color the flower will have.

Hello dear friends!

Today we will talk about the features growing tulips about how they differ from others

There is no such garden where tulips do not bloom and already in April their pointed seedlings pierce the melting snow - the leaves begin to grow.

And after 20-30 days they bloom and we can admire their luxurious flowering for up to 35 days.

In order to make it easy and enjoyable, you must follow a number of simple rules.

Growing Rules

1. Immediately at the beginning of spring, as soon as the snow melts (and even better in the snow), you need to feed the tulips with chemical fertilizers - 15-30 g per 1 m 2 , but not more. When fertilizing, try to remember that tulips do not grow well with high salt concentrations in the soil and therefore only half the dose recommended for bulb crops should be applied. I usually feed tulips with nitroammophos or special fertilizers for garden flowers: the first dressing is in the snow, the second is at the beginning of budding, the third is a week after flowering.

By the state of the appearance of tulips, you can determine which elements are missing in the soil. For example, if there is not enough nitrogen, then the leaf plates of the tulip become narrow and are no longer able to maintain a vertical position. The stems and leaves, at the same time, gradually acquire a red tint. With a lack of potassium and phosphorus in the soil, a blue-green color appears along the edges of the tulip leaves.

2. The main spring care for tulips is to remove diseased plants, moreover, along with the bulb, roots and adjacent soil. At the same time, the hole is filled with a solution of potassium permanganate, which is sometimes recommended to be heated to a temperature of 70-100 ° C.

All agricultural practices - loosening, weeding, fertilizing, removing diseased and viral plants - must be carried out very carefully so as not to damage the leaves and roots of healthy plants, because they are the ones that “feed” the bulb.

Leaves, stems, flowers grow very quickly in tulips, and even underground, active work is underway to increase the size of the daughter bulb and grandchild bulbs are laid. And this explains their short period of life. These rapid processes require large amounts of nutrients and moisture in the soil. Therefore, during the period of budding and flowering, especially in the absence of rain, it is necessary to water the plants regularly. And also, in order to get a properly formed large replacement bulb, tulips must be watered for another two weeks after flowering.

In order to get large flowers in the second year and so that the bulb does not break up into small onions, a seed box should not be allowed to appear - when the flower begins to fade, you need to immediately remove it (tear off with your hands, not cut with a knife). At the same time, it is imperative to leave at least two leaves on the stem, because the future flower and bulb will feed on them.

Tulips love sun and well-drained, light soil. As a rule, bulbs are dug up every year, but if you plant tulips deeper and remember to feed them during growth and after flowering, they can grow in one place for several years. I transplant tulips every 3-4 years.

In June, as soon as the leaves begin to turn yellow, dig up the bulbs, dry them in the shade and store them in boxes until autumn, signing the name of the variety. Tulip bulbs can't stand direct sunlight. and, therefore (I want to repeat once again) they must be dried in the shade, in a well-ventilated place.

In September, it's time to plant tulips on the ridges. To do this, we make trenches 30 cm wide and about 20 cm deep. We pour superphosphate on the bottom. Attention! I remind you that in no case should you put manure under tulips (as well as under all bulbs), as this leads to rotting of the bulbs. First, we lay out large bulbs in trenches with the bottom down and lightly sprinkle with earth. Then we plant smaller ones between them and sprinkle again, and lay out the children along the edges. From above we fall asleep with the remaining earth. With this planting, the beds look more decorative in spring and there is no need to dig up tulips every year.

3. In winters with little snow, severe freezing of the soil to a depth of up to 20 cm is possible. If tulips survive the freezing temperature of the soil to minus 4 ° C without consequences and bloom normally in the spring, then freezing to minus 9 ° C is fraught with various deformations of the flower. Therefore, after the first frost, when the soil freezes at night and thaws during the day, it is better to cover the plantings of tulips with peat, humus, sawdust or straw with a layer of 10-15 cm.

Diseases and pests

If the tulip bulbs have sprouted, but the leaves begin to turn yellow and dry, then we can talk about the disease of the plant. Very often, diseases spread after damage by both a root onion mite, a bear, click beetles, and mechanical ones.

Symptoms fusarium rot (fusarium) are: sudden yellowing and drying of the ground part of the plant, the bulbs begin to turn brown and dry, a weak grayish coating of mycelium with spores appears.

penicillium rot manifests itself as follows: the scales on the surface of the bulb begin to turn yellow and then dense bluish-green sporulation rapidly grows. Rotting begins with flower buds and flower stalks and very often the bulb rots completely.

Bacterial rot (bacteriosis) develops mainly as a result of damage to the root onion mite, which feeds on the bottom and young roots of the bulb, sometimes nematodes also provoke the disease. With this disease, the bulbs turn brown and rot, an unpleasant odor appears.

One of the most common and dangerous viral diseases of tulips is considered variegation virus. Outwardly, it appears on the petals of tulips in the form of various stripes and specks, which often look decorative and unusual. However, the virus infects all parts of the plant, slows down metabolic processes, provokes a delay in flowering and early yellowing of the leaves.

Or maybe you have your own interesting secrets in growing tulips, dear readers? Share with us!

In this article we will consider in detail such a flower as a tulip.

In this article we will consider a very beautiful and delicate flower - a tulip. And also we will try to tell you the most detailed information about the flower.

What does a tulip flower look like: photo

One of the first flowers that can be found already in March is a tulip. Incredibly delicate and stable type of Liliaceae, which can stand for a long time even after being cut. Therefore, women are very fond of such flowers on one of the most famous spring holidays - March 8th.

• Recognizing a tulip among other flowers is very easy. There is always one bud on the stem, although there are also many-flowered species, but quite rarely. One flower consists of 6 petals, simple or double. The most common flower shape is goblet, but there are others, such as star-shaped, cup-shaped, lily-colored.
• To date, you can find tulips not only of different shapes, but also of various colors, from white to even blue flowers. There are also bicolor and variegated varieties of tulips.
• The stem is straight and has round sections. From the middle of the stem, from 2 to 6 elongated petals depart, depending on the type of plant. The color of the leaves also ranges from bright colors to bluish, and striped leaf species are also found.

It is very easy to grow flowers and you can meet tulips in almost every summer cottage. Tulips are unpretentious, but still love warmth, so if the soil does not warm up to a certain temperature by spring, the flower does not groan to open buds, but the leaves will grow at the same time. Also, in sunny weather, the flower opens its petals, and after sunset, it closes. Tulips are planted in bulbs that can delight with their flowering for at least 6 years.

Tulip consists of:

• Bulbs - from which a flower is grown
• tulip root
• Stolona - an underground plant stem that is intended for nutrition, vegetative propagation and protection
• fruiting stalk
• Leaves
• Colors

Tulip ordinary - the birthplace of the plant

Tulips are perennial flowers that belong to the Liliaceae family, monocot class and the Tulip genus. In Europe, the word "tulip" came from the Ottoman-Persian dictionary and means a fabric for a national headdress. After all, the flower petals are incredibly delicate and pleasant to the touch.

Tulips are considered the most famous spring flowers, and everything is considered to be the homeland of Central Asia, or rather Persia, but today you can find many types of tulips in Kazakhstan, Turkey, India, Europe, etc. By the way, in Turkey already in the 16th century more than 300 species of plants such as tulips were known.

The main supplier of most flowers is Holland. And since 1702, during the reign of Peter I, a department was created, whose duties included the supply of flowers from Holland.

Tulip: characteristics of a plant for children

Tulips are incredibly beautiful flowers and quite unpretentious in their care and cultivation, which is why they are well-deservedly popular in countries with a temperate climate. The structure of the flower is very simple, but depending on the type of plant, the shape and size of the petals, leaves and stem can change.

There are countless varieties of such a popular flower, there are 114 main species and a huge number of hybrids. Conventionally, tulips can be divided into the following subspecies:

• Simple - they resemble a glass in shape, have one bud, a stem about 30 cm high, and is considered low. Later types of simple tulips have large flowers and reach a height of up to 75 cm.
• Terry species have large and heavy flowers, and the stem does not grow above 25 cm. Often these flowers have a very bright color.
• Fringed - unique in that it has a fringe on the edges of the petals, and therefore an incredibly beautiful look of tulips. The height of the stem reaches 80 cm.
• The lily-colored look is sophisticated and really resembles a lily, but it has a very bright color, and can also have several colors.
• Parrot tulips are distinguished by an amazing shape that resembles parrot feathers, and are also characterized by a very colorful color, ranging from a combination of light shades to a combination of pink and black.
• Green-colored tulips get their name from the green back of the petals.

Tulip is a perennial plant that blooms by the beginning of spring, but with the advent of summer the leaves fall off. And a flower can be renewed annually for 5-6 years, of course, depending on the type of plant. Often, tulip hybrids have a lifespan of no more than 26 months.

Today, tulips are used not only for decoration, but also have found application for the beneficial properties of the flower in cosmetology and medicine. Tulip oil is suitable for the treatment of rashes, and in folk medicine, tulip is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. The petals, leaves, and bulbs of the flower are considered edible and are widely sought after in culinary arts around the world.

What family of plants does the tulip belong to?

The Lily (Onion) family includes many representatives that are distributed throughout the globe. The entire genus Tulip belongs to this family. Many species of this genus are decorative and beautiful, flowering plants, which are characterized by the formation of storage organs, such as: bulb, rhizome and corm.

• The leaves have an elongated long shape, and are always whole.
• Due to the presence of bulbs and rhizomes, all Liliaceae are perennials and are resistant to weather changes. Of course, if this does not damage the root system of the plant. It is laid only once and is not restored after damage.
• The flowers are often regular in shape and slightly more developed on one side, that is, they belong to two-symmetrical plants.
• Representatives of this family are distributed mostly in temperate regions, but are also found in hot countries.
• Plants of this family reproduce vegetatively (rhizomes) or seeds.

There are many subspecies of the Lily family, for example, technical, vegetable, medicinal, decorative. Tulips belong to the latter species.

What is the shape, height of the plant of a tulip flower?

For many people, spring is associated with an incredible flower - a tulip. Such unpretentious flowers have become loved by many gardeners and summer residents, and therefore today you can find an incredible number of their varieties.

• Due to the fact that tulips are perennial and do not require special care, it is planted on an industrial scale. The shape of the petals, the height of the stem depends on the type of plant. Height ranges from 5 to 90 cm.
• The stem has a cylindrical straight shape, but can sag under the weight of heavy buds in some species of this genus.
• The bluish tint of the petals gives a certain wax coating, the petals have an elongated shape.
• At the very top of the stem there is a flower, but if the plant is multicolored, then there can be from 2 or more buds. An ordinary flower has only 6 petals and 6 stamens, but this number may vary depending on the type of tulip. The color of the bud also depends on the species, and recently you can find the most unusual colors of tulips on shop windows and in the gardens of housewives, for example, purple, snow-white, purple and even almost black flowers.

The length of the flower itself can reach up to 12-15 cm, while the diameter ranges from 3 to 12 cm, and when opened, up to 20 cm.

The shape of the bud can be very different and it depends on the type of tulip:

• lily-shaped
• stellate
• goblet
• Cupped

How many petals does a tulip have: quantity

Tulips are very common and popular ornamental flowers that come in a huge number of varieties and shapes. Of course, often the petals are almost the same shape and size, arranged in two rows. In an ordinary flower, a bud has 6 petals, respectively, if there are 3-5 buds on the peduncle, then there will be 18-30 petals.

But even among the classic lily-like species, and natural tulips, you can find flowers with 8 petals, and therefore the number of petals on various types of this kind of flowers ranges from 5 to 10 per bud.

Due to the fact that tulips have a huge number of varieties, while they adapt perfectly to various countries of the world, this flower is very popular among gardeners.

Description of a tulip - forms of petals, stem, leaves, color, aroma

A tulip is an incredibly beautiful flower, in many countries it is a symbol of love and happiness, so giving a red bouquet of tulips is a declaration of love. Also, they say that yellow flowers should not be given to anyone - to separation, but it is considered most of all just such flowers as tulips, because. yellow is a symbol of sadness.

The tulip consists of the following parts:

• The roots are numerous and thin, unbranched.
• The stem is straight, branching only if several buds are placed on the pedicel. Height ranges from 5 cm to 1 meter depending on the type of plant
• The leaves have an elongated shape and a bluish color, due to the wax coating on the surface. The number of leaves can be from 1 to 12
• The fruit of the plant is a box with seeds, which is formed after flowering and drying. Further, with the help of the wind, these seeds are carried over long distances.
• The bulb resembles an ordinary onion, thanks to it the flower is perennial and withstands temperature extremes.
• The stolon is the inner stem that feeds the plant.
• Flowers have a variety of shapes, depending on the species. The shape of the petals can be oval, round, elongated, pointed, diamond-shaped and with fringed edges, etc.

The colors are also very diverse, there are both monochromatic petals and a combination of different shades, and even with the addition of blotches and stripes. The tulip is an amazing creation of nature, which has a unique fresh aroma, which is associated with spring, the beginning of life and flowering. Flowers after the cut will delight not only the eye for a long time, but also fill the room with a pleasant aroma. Unfortunately, tulip oil is almost impossible to obtain and therefore artificial tulip scents are used in the perfume industry.

Video: Varieties of tulips

Tulip (Tulipa L.)- a bulbous plant of the lily family, wintering in the ground. It grows wild in Central Asia, on the lands adjacent to the Caspian and Black Seas, in the Mediterranean.

Bulb in dry scales, usually brown or copper in color. The flowers are solitary, large, their color is the most diverse, the stem is long, the leaves are petiolate, longitudinally oval, pointed, covered with a wax coating.

Currently, there are about 2,500 varieties, grouped into 15 garden classes. Plants can be cut, forcing or for growing in flower beds. There are 4 groups: early-flowering, medium-flowering, late-flowering, garden tulips that have retained the characteristics of the original species, as well as wild-growing.

LANDING

tulips- the culture is not too demanding, but still one should not forget about some rules of agricultural technology, without which a good result cannot be achieved.

Planting material must be of excellent quality. This is the key to success. So, it should be pure-grade, without variegation. Next, the place planting tulips you need to divert the sun, protected from strong winds. The soil is desirable loose, crumbly, sandy is best.

If the soil in your garden is acidic, it must be limed. Clay soils will require the addition of a large amount of sand. Peat, compost and 2-3-year-old manure humus must also be added to the ground. Fresh manure is not used in any case, as it burns the roots and leads to fungal diseases.

The earth is prepared carefully, digging as deep as possible. There is a norm for fertilization per 1 sq. m: compost, humus or peat - several buckets; chalk or slaked lime - up to 200 g; dolomite flour - up to 1 kg; wood ash - up to 200 g; granulated sterilized chicken manure - up to 200 g; complete mineral fertilizer - from 20 to 100 g.

Best to plant tulip bulbs rows, 20 cm apart. So it will be easier to take care of the plants. In general, large bulbs are planted at the rate of 50 pieces per 1 sq. m, and smaller ones - 75-100 pieces in the same area; children and even more often - up to 1 kg.

Planting depth depends on the size of the bulb and the soil. On clay soil - smaller (by 7 cm), and on light soil - deeper (up to 20 cm). The general rule is that after leveling the soil above the bulb, there should be a layer of earth two or three times the height of the bulb itself.

CARE OF TULIPS

As soon as the first shoots appear tulips, the ground around them needs to be loosened. This should be done carefully to avoid damage to the bulbs. After each watering and top dressing, this procedure is repeated. The same goes for heavy rains. The last weeding is carried out until the leaves are completely closed.

tulip flowers cut over the second sheet. This is due to the fact that the size of the bulb depends on the amount of remaining greenery. To avoid the introduction of the variegation virus, the cutting tool must be sterilized.

On the plantations tulips for this purpose, several knives are used, each of which, after cutting one flower, is calcined on fire. Flowers grown from small bulbs should not be cut. The same applies to rare varieties. They are kept until they are multiplied in sufficient numbers.

HARVESTING TULIPS

Do not forget care for tulips by the end of their season. At the end of June tulip bulbs you need to dig and store them in a cool place until August-September. This is due to the fact that tulips are related to ephemeroids, which have a very short above-ground life, and the rest of the time they are at rest. It is at this time that they lay flowers, peduncles and leaves, although this process is invisible to the eye. The bulbs need coolness at such a time, and since the soil warms up enough in summer, the process of laying the future crop may not go as expected.

tulips it is necessary to dig out every year, otherwise the bulb may go deep into the ground, and it will be difficult to get it. In addition, the bulb can form a nest and crumble during digging. The delay in digging up the bulbs also leads to the fact that the next year there are so-called blind buds that simply will not open.

The signal to dig tulip bulbs serves as the beginning of yellowing and drying of the leaves of the plant. Dried leaves should not be cut. The bulb is carefully dug up, inspected for damage. If you pull out a flower stalk when cutting a flower, be aware that the bulb will hurt or rot, especially if water gets into it.

After drying tulip bulbs should be laid bottom up in wooden or cardboard boxes and stored in this form until planting. Bulbs are dried at a temperature of at least 24 degrees and no more than 30. The faster the bulbs dry, the less likely they are to be damaged by a fungus. The temperature in the room where they are stored after drying should not exceed 20 degrees until the end of August and 17 degrees from the beginning of September until planting.

Planting is carried out in August-September, when the soil temperature does not exceed 10 degrees. It is this temperature that tulips need for rooting, and this process lasts from 3 to 5 weeks.

FEEDING TULIPS

Tulips during growth and flowering must be watered abundantly and fed with mineral fertilizers.

The first dressing is best done in the snow, scattering it in a dry form, and then combined with watering. For each square meter of a flower garden, it is recommended to water with 2-5 buckets of water with dissolved fertilizer, depending on soil moisture. With each top dressing, and there are from 3 to 5 of them per season, from 30 to 50 g of mineral fertilizers per square meter should be applied.

If you made the first top dressing in the snow, then the last one should be done 2 weeks after flowering. All top dressings should be complex and preferably the same in composition. This is due to the rapid growth of the plant, which means that it makes no sense to fertilize in parts. In addition, oil-soluble fertilizers are unsuitable for tulips, as they will not have time to reach the roots.

Watering tulips combined with top dressing, you need to produce close to the root. A solution of fertilizers in the dose recommended above does not burn the leaves, but it can damage the inflorescences.