Participial phrases, example sentences. How do you spell "calculate"? Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Russian
Psychologists have found that most quarrels arise when people stop relying on themselves and begin to rely too much on the help of others. A person’s established opinion “everyone owes me” never leads to good results and has an extremely destructive effect.
Relying too much on others for help
If you stop relying on yourself and start demanding that others always and everywhere help you, you may achieve your goals and even satisfy a number of your requests and needs, but such a position will inevitably negatively affect your personal effectiveness.
And, indeed, by constantly expecting the participation of friends, relatives or work colleagues, you entrust all active actions to them. The lack of independent movement forward leads to the fact that a person becomes helpless, cannot cope with his problems, he develops a feeling of uncertainty, which gradually develops into a feeling of dissatisfaction with life.
By refusing to cope with your difficulties on your own, you are giving up life experience and giving away potential skills and knowledge to others. As a result, it turns out that the people helping you become stronger, more purposeful and confident, but you freeze in one place.
Pay attention to how people who occupy leading positions in enterprises, government structures and other areas behave: they always take on any task. Many of these people do not naturally have developed intelligence, are not gifted with abilities, but they strive to take part in any active actions, and do not fool themselves with thoughts like “will I succeed” and “will I be able to.”
I’ll give you a simple example of what can happen if you don’t rely on yourself, but constantly wait for the support of others.
First case.
You work at a company and have a good relationship with your boss. The manager periodically covers for you, allows you to take extra days off, does not overload you with work, and from time to time moves you up the career ladder. In short, everything is going very well.
Second case. You work at the same company, but you have a purely business relationship with your boss, the manager has no personal interest in helping you build a career, he does not spare you at all, entrusting large amounts of work. You can only count on a bonus or salary increase on a general basis, that is, when you complete a particularly complex task with the highest quality, or when you exceed the work plan.
And then circumstances develop in such a way that the boss is removed from his position. For the employee from the first case, such a turn of events is a tragedy and a lot of stress. The employee begins to understand that he can no longer work fully and does not know how, that any person appointed to a leadership position will have serious complaints about his level of professionalism and work discipline.
The employee from the second case will have a completely different attitude to what is happening. The personnel changes will give him hope that he will finally be appreciated. A person who has not had any concessions knows that he is able to cope with his responsibilities. The worst thing that can happen for such an employee is the appointment of a new indifferent manager.
Thus, thanks to the acquired experience and reliance only on oneself, a person gains an important skill in confronting life’s difficulties. On the contrary, the optional help of others will not bring anything good and will prevent a person from becoming effective.
When a person is used to relying on himself
If a person is used to relying on himself, he:
- has a good chance of building full-fledged relationships with others, in which there will be no mutual demands and claims;
- will definitely become a highly qualified specialist in his work activity;
- will be more self-confident and purposeful;
- learn to make decisions independently, which will allow you to achieve success in all areas of life;
- will be able to raise highly effective, independent and self-confident children who will look into the future without fear or dread.
Thus, relying on oneself is an important skill for a full-fledged person. If you feel like you are relying too much on others in certain situations, try to gradually take control of the situation. Active participation is a good habit that will definitely make your life better.
Participial turnover is a participle with dependent words. Like a single gerund, it denotes an additional action and is performed by the same person, object or phenomenon that performs the main action. Always isolated. Answers the question “doing what?” or “having done what?” The action usually refers to the subject, for example: summing up the meeting, the minister congratulated all teachers on the start of the school year.
The participle is an independent part of speech in the Russian language, which denotes an additional action with the main one. This part of speech combines the characteristics of a verb (aspect, voice and reflexivity) and adverbs (immutability, syntactic role of adverbial adverb). Answers questions about what to do? what did you do?
Rule.
When using an adverbial phrase in a sentence, remember that:
- the main action expressed by a predicate verb and the additional action expressed by a gerund refer to the same person or thing
- often the participial phrase is used in a one-part definite-personal sentence, including with a verb in the imperative mood (where the subject is easily restored)
- it is possible to use an adverbial phrase in an impersonal sentence with an infinitive
Sentences with adverbial verbs (examples)
Trap!
The participial phrase cannot be used in the following cases:
if the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund refer to different persons (objects):
Jumping off the footboard of the tram, my hat flew off (IMPOSSIBLE, since “a hat cannot jump from a tram”!)
if in an impersonal sentence there is no infinitive to which the adverbial phrase could relate, but there is a combination of a predicate verb with a pronoun or noun as an object.
Looking out the window, I felt sad (IMPOSSIBLE, since there is an addition to me)
if the participial phrase refers to passive participles, because in this case, the subject of the action expressed by the predicate and the subject of the action indicated by the gerund) do not coincide:
Having run away from home, the boy was found (IMPOSSIBLE, since the boy runs away from the house, and other people find him!)
Syntactic norms. Algorithm of actions.
1) In the phrase in bold, find the participle (answers the questions: what by doing? what by doing?)
2) Highlight the basics in each option.
3) If the sentence does not have a subject, try to reconstruct it using the predicate.
4) If it is impossible to restore the subject in a sentence, see if the producer of the action is indicated in the indirect case.
5) Match the subject with the gerund in each option.
6) The option where the subject performs the action of both the gerund and the predicate is correct.
Analysis of the task.
Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Finding the participle: n not counting on help - doing what? without counting.
In each option we will find the grammatical basis:
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence very important .
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Let's correlate the participle and the subjects by answering the question: who can not count on help? Is not strength, not independence and not a textbook. Only students can cope with the task and not count on help.
Correct answer - option number 2.
Also watch the video if anything is unclear.
Practice.
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Analyzing Pushkin’s poem “Poltava”,
1) critics noted the abundance of colloquial expressions.
2) its “obvious” disadvantage was considered to be the abundance of colloquial expressions.
Participial phrases, example sentences
Syntactic norms. Constructing a sentence with a gerund. Commas, isolation.
Participle is an independent part of speech in Russian, which denotes an additional action with the main one. This part of speech combines the characteristics of a verb (aspect, voice and reflexivity) and adverbs (immutability, syntactic role of adverbial adverb). Answers questions about what to do? what did you do?
Participial turnover is a participle with dependent words. Like a single gerund, it denotes an additional action and is performed by the same person, object or phenomenon that performs the main action. Always isolated.
Answers the question “doing what?” or “having done what?”
Rule.
When using an adverbial phrase in a sentence, remember that:
the main action expressed by a predicate verb and the additional action expressed by a gerund refer to the same person or thing
often the participial phrase is used in a one-part definite-personal sentence, including with a verb in the imperative mood (where the subject is easily restored)
it is possible to use the participial phrase in an impersonal sentence with an infinitive
Sentences with adverbial verbs (examples)
I looked at the rising sun without taking my eyes off.
She left without closing the door behind her.
The boy, while cleaning his room, found a huge amount of things.
The goose, seeing the children, flew away.
All the sheep rushed towards her, only the baby could not cope with the acceleration, barely managing to slow down.
Trap!
The participial phrase cannot be used in the following cases:
if the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund refer to different persons (objects):
Jumping off the footboard of the tram, my hat flew off (IMPOSSIBLE, since “a hat cannot jump from a tram”!)
if in an impersonal sentence there is no infinitive to which the adverbial phrase could relate, but there is a combination of a predicate verb with a pronoun or noun as an object.
Looking out the window, I felt sad (IMPOSSIBLE, since there is an addition to me)
if the participial phrase refers to passive participles, because in this case, the subject of the action expressed by the predicate and the subject of the action indicated by the gerund) do not coincide:
Having run away from home, the boy was found (IMPOSSIBLE, since the boy runs away from the house, and other people find him!)
Syntactic norms. Algorithm of actions.
1) In the phrase in bold, find the participle (answers the questions: what by doing? what by doing?)
2) Highlight the basics in each option.
3) If the sentence does not have a subject, try to reconstruct it using the predicate.
4) If it is impossible to restore the subject in a sentence, see if the producer of the action is indicated in the indirect case.
5) Match the subject with the gerund in each option.
6) The option where the subject performs the action of both the gerund and the predicate is correct.
Analysis of the task.
Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Finding the participle: not counting on help– doing what? without counting.
In each option we will find the grammatical basis:
1) me started leave strength.
2) students on one's own coped with the task.
3) independence Very important.
4) textbook helps cope better with difficult material.
Let’s correlate the gerund and the subjects by answering the question: who can not count on help? This is not strength, not independence, and not a textbook. Only students can cope with the task and not count on help.
Correct answer– option number 2.
Also watch the video if anything is unclear.
Practice.
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Analyzing Pushkin’s poem “Poltava”,
1) critics noted the abundance of colloquial expressions.
2) its “obvious” disadvantage was considered to be the abundance of colloquial expressions.
3) contemporaries reproached the poet for the abuse of “burlatsky” expressions.
4) it was received by critics without enthusiasm.
2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Starting to work with the text,
1) we got into an argument.
2) try to read it carefully.
3) I determined the size incorrectly.
4) students often do not take into account the division into paragraphs.
3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Lined up in columns,
1) the leader gives a signal, and the ants set off.
2) their length can reach 100-200 meters.
3) nomadic ants go on a two- to three-week hike.
4) a two- to three-week campaign of ants begins.
Answers: 3, 2, 3.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Finding the participle: n not counting on help - doing what? without counting.
In each option we will find the grammatical basis:
1) me began to lose strength.
2) students on one's own coped with the task.
3) independence Very important.
4) textbook helps cope better with difficult material.
Let's correlate the participle and the subjects by answering the question: who can not count on help? Is not strength, not independence and not a textbook. Only students can cope with the task and not count on help.
Correct answer - option number 2.
? Practice.
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Analyzing Pushkin’s poem “Poltava”,
1) critics noted the abundance of colloquial expressions.
2) its “obvious” disadvantage was considered to be the abundance of colloquial expressions.
3) contemporaries reproached the poet for the abuse of “burlatsky” expressions.
4) it was received by critics without enthusiasm.
2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Starting to work with the text,
1) we got into an argument.
3) I determined the size incorrectly.
4) students often do not take into account the division into paragraphs.
3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Lined up in columns,
1) the leader gives a signal, and the ants set off.
2) their length can reach 100-200 meters.
3) nomadic ants go on a two- to three-week hike.
4) a two- to three-week campaign of ants begins.
Syntactic norms. Approval standards. Constructing sentences with homogeneous members. Management standards.
Construction of complex sentences.
Approval standards.
ü Subject and predicate agreement
ü Coordination of participles with the word they define.
&Rule.
The participle agrees in gender, number and case with the word it defines.
FHint.
Find the word you define, ask a question from it to the participle. The ending in the question = the ending of the participle (note that the letters O and E in the ending are equal).
ü Matching the application with the word being defined.
&Rule.
A title enclosed in quotation marks given with a generic word (story, novel, picture, symphony, hotel) is an inconsistent appendix and must be in the nominative case. If there is no generic word, then the name in quotation marks begins to change.
.Differentiate!
In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" exposes the dark kingdom where boars and wild ones rule.
In “The Thunderstorm” A.N. Ostrovsky exposes the dark kingdom where boars and wild ones rule.
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