Potato structure: root, tuber, stem and leaves. Potato - a plant of the nightshade family The structure of a potato plant

In nature, the Solanaceae family is widely represented, including about three thousand species. Solanaceae are native to Central and South America.

general description

According to the international classification, nightshade plants belong to the Dicotyledonous class, the Flowering department. The family formed a separate order - Solanaceae, which also includes the Convolvulus family.

Most often these are herbaceous erect, climbing or creeping plants (potato, mandrake, black nightshade). There are also shrubs and semi-shrubs (pepper, bittersweet nightshade, dereza), less often - trees. Regardless of the life form, all Solanaceae have characteristic features.

Some members of the family (belladonna, dope, henbane) contain strong alkaloids that can cause death in humans. Often all parts of the plant are poisonous.

Rice. 1. Belladonna flowers.

Morphology

Nightshade - perennial plants with simple leaves and fragrant flowers with elongated corollas. What type of fruit is typical for Solanaceae depends on the type of plant. The table shows the general characteristics of the shoots and roots of the representatives of the family.

Rice. 2. A box of petunias.

Significance in agriculture

Nightshade plants are of great importance for agricultural and pharmaceutical activities. Plants are eaten, grown for the preparation of drugs and drugs, as a decorative ornament. Most of the vegetables consumed are nightshades. According to their importance for human life, nightshade plants can be divided into three groups.

TOP 4 articleswho read along with this

• food . They began to be cultivated in Europe, and then in Russia, from the 16th century. Bright representatives are potatoes, tomato, eggplant, pepper. They contain nutrients, vitamins, chemical elements necessary for the human body. A variety of varieties, juiciness and size of fruits (tubers) are the result of selection.
• Medicinal . Used in folk and official medicine. Bittersweet nightshade (wolfberry) is used as a diuretic, expectorant. Belladonna (Belladonna vulgaris) has antispasmodic properties. Henbane is used to make tablets for seasickness. Datura soothes, gives an antispasmodic effect. Without following the rules and dosage, poisoning can occur.
• Decorative . Bright flowers and the ability to curl are appreciated by gardeners. For decorating a private house and city flower beds, petunia, ampelous caliberhoa, fragrant tobacco, jasmine-like and false-pepper nightshade are used.

Rice. 3. Ampel caliberchoa.

Capsicum, capsicum or vegetable pepper (Bulgarian, chili) refers to Nightshade, and not to Pepper, as the name might seem. Black pepper is a member of the pepper family. About 20 types of capsicum are known, differing in shape and taste.

Most representatives of the Solanaceae family contain solanine, a poisonous substance that is harmless to humans in small quantities. Solanine is similar in chemical composition to steroids. A large amount of the substance contains unripe fruits (for example, green tomatoes) and tubers. The green color of the peel indicates an increased content of solanine. The concentration in tubers increases under the influence of ultraviolet rays. That is why potatoes are peeled and stored in a dark place.

What have we learned?

We learned about the distinctive features and structure of plants of the Solanaceae family, as well as their role in human life. We learned the formula of the flower of the Solanaceae family, found out which plants are poisonous and which are edible.

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Potatoes have the following systematic position:

Department: Magnoliophyta - Magnolia, or Anthophyta - Flowering, or Angiospermae - Angiosperms.

Class: Dicotyledoneae - Dicotyledons.

Order: Solanales - Solanaceae.

Family: Solanaceae - Solanaceae.

Genus: Solanum

View: Solanum tuberosum - Tuberous nightshade = Potato.

Potato is a self-pollinating plant, propagated vegetatively - by tubers or their parts. It is a perennial crop, but cultivated as an annual. A potato plant grown from a tuber forms a bush of 2-4 or more stems. The number of stems in a bush depends on the variety and size of the planting tuber.

stems grassy, ​​green, tetrahedral, with weak lionfish. Depending on the number of stems, small-stemmed and multi-stemmed varieties are distinguished. Early-ripening varieties usually branch weakly at the base of the stem, late-ripening - strongly.

Sheet intermittently unpaired pinnately dissected into lobes, lobules and lobules. On the stem, the leaves are arranged in a spiral. The structure and color of the leaves is an important varietal trait.

potato inflorescence- a complex curl with 2-5 flowers. The flower consists of a corolla calyx, stamens and pistil. The color of the flower is varietal. The flower formula is as follows: Ca (5) Co (5) A 5 G (2), where you can see actinomorphism (multilateral symmetry), bisexuality, 5 fused sepals, 5 fused corollas, 5 non-fused stamens, 2 fused pistils and lower ovary.

Fetus- berry, two-celled small-seeded (50-100 small white seeds), spherical shape of green color. Usually, less berries are produced in dry years than in wet years. Removing buds and preventing berry formation can increase tuber yield by 10-15%.

stolons- underground large-celled white shoots, at the end of which tubers are formed. Their length is 5-30 cm, and the shorter they are, the more compact the tubers are in the nest, which is good for mechanized harvesting.

root system fibrous, formed under the stolons. Most of the roots are located at a depth of 20-30 cm, and 5-7% of the roots penetrate into the layer of 60-80 cm. The bulk is located around the plant, occupying a diameter of 0.5 m. The development of the root system largely depends on the degree of cultivation of the soil.

Tuber potato is a thickened end of an underground shoot - a stolon and is a repository of reserve substances. Growth buds are located in the so-called eyes, located in a tuber in a spiral. Depending on the variety, the tubers vary greatly in shape - from elongated oval to round. The color of the pulp can be yellow, cream, white, and the peel can be light, purple, pink, red. During growth, the tuber has an easily erased epidermis, which, by the time of maturity, changes to a cork bark with lenticels for gas exchange. One end of the tuber, which is attached to the stolon, is called the umbilical cord, the other is called the apex. The anatomical structure of the tuber: on a longitudinal section, a vascular ring is distinguished, suitable for the eyes; in the middle part - a core with a watery part. The outer layer consists of several layers of suberic cells of the periderm.

A flower is a complex reproductive organ of angiosperms (flowering) plants.

The flower has an axis, or receptacle, bearing tepals, stamens, and pistil or pistils. The pistil consists of one or more carpels. The main parts of the pistil are a closed ovary with ovules inside and a pollen-receiving stigma. The fundamental difference between a flower and a cone of gymnosperms is that the ovules are inside the ovary and pollen falls on the stigma during pollination, and not directly on the ovule.

The flower is apical or extends to the axils of the covering modified or unmodified leaf (bract). The area of ​​shoot between the bract and the flower is called pedicel. If it is not expressed, the flower is sessile (plantain, verbena, clover). On the pedicel there are also two (in dicots) and one (in monocots) small preleaves - bract. Often they are missing.

Flower parts are divided into fertshnye, or reproductive (stamens, pistil or pistils), and sterile(perianth). The reproductive parts of the flower have their prototypes in the sporophylls that precede the angiosperms of the plants. Perianth members, which combined the functions of protecting the reproductive parts, attracting insects, and reserving plastic substances, arose for the first time in angiosperms. The main parts of the flower - reproductive, sterile - can be reduced to one degree or another, and sometimes completely reduced.

Receptacle- a shortened stem part of the flower. The overgrown receptacle is called torus It can have a different shape: a flat receptacle (peony), a convex hemispherical (buttercup, anemone), an elongated conical (magnolia, adonis, raspberry, strawberry, gravel) and concave (western calicant). In some flowers, as a result of the fusion of the receptacle, the lower parts of the perianth and stamens (floral tube), a special structure is formed, called hypanthium. The shape of the hypanthium is different: saucer-shaped (alpine currant), spherical (wrinkled rose), pitcher-shaped (cinnamon rose), goblet-shaped (Japanese loquat, oak meadowsweet), funnel-shaped (small-fruited cherry). Hypanthium is typical for representatives of the Rosaceae, Gooseberry, and Saxifrage families.

One of the characteristic features of the structure of a flower is its symmetry. If a flower can be divided by a vertical plane passing through the axis into two equal halves in at least two directions, it is called correct or actinomorphic(cabbage, cloves, primrose). A flower through which only one plane of symmetry can be drawn - wrong, or zygomorphic(legumes, yasnotkovye). If no plane of symmetry can be drawn through a flower, it is called asymmetrical or asymmetrical(valerian officinalis, canna).

Simple. Brush. Separate lateral ones sit on an elongated main axis, while having their pedicels of approximately equal length. Plants with a brush include hyacinth, eremurus, foxglove, mignonette, lupine, bird cherry, peanut, most cruciferous, etc. Shield. It differs from the brush in that the lower flowers have long stalks, so that as a result the flowers are located almost in the same plane. Examples: pear, Japanese spirea.

Ear. The main axis is also more or less elongated, but the flowers are without pedicels, i.e. sedentary. Examples: plantain, vervain, a single spikelet of a compound spikelet of wheat.

Cob. It differs from the ear in a fleshy thickened axis. Examples: the cob of corn, aronnik, cattail.

Earring. It differs from an ear and a brush by a hanging axis. After flowering, the entire inflorescence falls off. Examples: walnut, willow. The earring, however, must sometimes be ranked among the complex inflorescences, since not flowers, but inflorescences often sit on the main axis.

Umbrella. The main axle is shortened; lateral flowers come out, as it were, from one place, sit on legs of different lengths, located in the same plane or dome-shaped. Examples: onion, primrose, cherry.

Head. The main axis is greatly shortened, the flowers seem to be sessile, but not sessile, closely spaced. Examples: clover, pile cone, scabiosa, etc.

Basket. The flowers are always sessile on a strongly thickened and widened end of a shortened axis, which has a concave, flat or convex shape. At the same time, the inflorescence outside has a so-called wrapper, consisting of one or many successive rows of bracts - colored leaves, free or fused. Often they are located

tiled. The basket is characteristic of plants of the Compositae family (sunflower, cornflower, etc.).

Complex. Complex ear. The main axis monopodially branches into simple ears (spikelets). Such are the complex ears of wheat, rye, in which the lateral axes of the spikelets (simple ears) are located on the common axis of the complex spike.

Panicle. Complex brush. The main axis is long and grows like a brush, and the side branches can also have the character of brushes, as, for example, in grapes, lilacs, or the character of a simple spike.

Complex umbrella. It differs from the simple one in that its lateral axes end not with flowers, but with simple umbrellas, which in this case are called umbrellas. In a complex umbrella, there are also sometimes wraps, which are bracts collected at the base of a common umbrella, and wraps - bracts at the base of the umbrellas. Examples: carrots, dill, anise, hogweed and many other umbrella plants.

Complex shield. Mixed inflorescence, the main axis of which is a shield, and the side ones are baskets (in yarrow) or also a shield (rowan).

In cereals, the flower formula is 0 (2) + 2TZP1. The fruit is a grain.

A potato plant grown from a tuber forms a bush whose height is 50-80 cm. The number of stems in a bush (usually 3-6), their thickness, and the ability to branch depend on the variety and growing conditions.

At the beginning of development, the stems are erect, later in most varieties they are curved. In cross section, they are angular or rounded, up to 20 mm in diameter, often with straight or wavy highly developed wing-like appendages. The color of the stems is green or with anthocyanin pigmentation. Underground shoots are called stolons. They thicken at the tops and form the beginning of new tubers. Each stem develops 6-7 or more stolons 15-20 cm long, in some varieties up to 40-50 cm. Depending on the length of the stolons, potato nests are scattered (which makes planting care and harvesting extremely difficult) and compact.

The structure of a potato tuber

The young tuber is covered with epidermis, the mature tuber is covered with corky skin, smooth or reticulated. The peel is impermeable to air, but there are holes in it - lentils through which breathing is carried out. Under the peel are cortical cells filled with starch grains, then a layer of educational tissue (cambia), a ring of vascular-fibrous bundles and a core, also containing starch.

On the surface of the tubers in the recesses, framed by a leaf scar, or a brow (a trace of a fallen underdeveloped leaf), eyes are located. They are arranged in a spiral. There are more of them at the top of the young part of the tuber than in the middle and lower parts. There are 3-4 buds in each eye, but usually only one middle, most developed, 4 buds germinate, and only when the sprout is damaged, another bud starts to grow. The strongest sprouts give the buds of the upper eyes. The buds germinated in the dark form pale elongated thin shoots called etiolated buds. In the light shortened and dense shoots are formed. Depending on the variety, the shape of the base, the color and pubescence of the sprouts are different.

potato tubers

The color of the sprouts (green, red-violet and blue-violet) is better distinguishable on tubers germinated in low light. The main shape of the tuber is round (rarely horn-shaped or valkovid), elongated and oval; the outer color (white, yellow, pink, light red, red, blue) depends on the pigment contained in the cells of the bark or peel, and the thickness of the corky layer. The flesh can also be of different colors - white, cream, yellow, rarely red and blue. In Russia, the most common varieties with white flesh of tubers.

The structure of the potato plant

The root system of the potato is fibrous, relatively poorly developed (its mass is 7-7.5% of the mass of the whole plant), branches up to the 3rd order; develops from the eyes of the tuber and from the buds of the stem nodes of the underground part of the stem and stolons. The bulk of the roots is located in the arable 25-cm layer, but individual strands can penetrate to a depth of 110-200 cm.

The structure of the potato

A simple unpaired pinnately dissected potato leaf consists of several pairs of lobes, lobules and lobules located in various combinations on the main petiole (stem), and ends with one unpaired lobes. The structure, the degree of dissection of the leaf, the size and shape of the lobes, the length, position and shape of the petiole are important varietal characteristics. The leaf blade is always pubescent to varying degrees, the color is from yellow-green to dark green.

Potato inflorescence consists of 2-3, rarely 4 fork-like diverging curls, located on the peduncle, which is laid in the axil of the 6-8th leaf and higher (in later varieties). Potato flowers are 5-membered with a cleavage calyx and incompletely fused white, red-violet, blue-violet or blue corolla lobes; stamens 5 with yellow or orange anthers; ovary superior, usually bilocular.

potato flowers

Potato is a self-pollinator; Cross-pollination is rare. In many varieties, the pollen grains are shriveled and sterile (male sterility). The fruit is a spherical, oval or turnip-shaped juicy 2-celled berry containing a large number (sometimes more than 200) of very small seeds. Weight of 1000 seeds 0.5-0.6 g.

​Related Articles​

Tubers in the radial direction: 1a - epidermis with separate

If the elements of the flower are fused, then their number is enclosed in brackets: fused five-membered corolla - Co (5), bifraternal androecium - A (9,1).

- wrong flower (zygomorphic)

• The flowers are white, pink and purple, collected in a shield at the top of the stem, the calyx and corolla are five-parted. Flower formula: * K (5) C (5) A5 G (2_)​
• Potato tuber.
• The flowers are white, lilac or pink, with 5 fused petals. The inflorescence is a curl, the fruit is a juicy multi-seeded berry.

The flower itself, the structure of which we are considering, consists of 5 sepals collected in a cup, 5 petals forming a corolla, 5 stamens and a pistil. The flower may have narrow, broadly subulate and long leaf-shaped sepals.

The rind of the tubers themselves can be smooth, reticulated, or flaky, depending on the particular variety. The thickness of the periderm depends not only on the species, but also on weather and climatic conditions, the quality of the soil and fertilizers. For example, the use of phosphorus-based fertilizers significantly thickens the peel, while potash fertilizers, on the contrary, make the periderm thin.

OgorodSadovod.com

The usual depth of the potato root system is 25-40 cm, that is, the root mass is mainly located at the depth of the arable layer. In some cases, the roots can go to a depth of 80 cm or more. Late varieties have a more developed root system than early counterparts.

How potatoes conquered Europe and Russia?

The main feature is that despite the fact that the potato contains such a poisonous element, it is still quite a useful fruit. It contains a lot of vitamin and mineral, it is also useful not only in food, but also for colds, masks, etc.

Potatoes are available in almost every garden that serves to grow various fruits, because it is not difficult to plant them, you do not need much care, and the harvest is almost always good. In general, for its sowing, potatoes themselves, their skins, good soil and moisture are needed. And it remains only to harvest.

plant structure

areas of the periderm; 1 - periderm; 2 - bark; 3 - outer phloem;

root system

​If the elements of the flower are arranged in circles, then a “+” sign (P3 + 3) is placed between the number of elements in each circle.​

The fruit is a multi-seeded, dark green, poisonous berry with a diameter of 2 cm.

The root system of potatoes is fibrous, the roots are located mainly in the arable layer of the soil, and only a few of them penetrate to a depth of 1 meter. In the underground part of the potato, modified stems are also formed - stolons, which, thickening at the end, turn into tubers. The part of the tuber with which it is attached to the stolon is called the umbilical cord, the opposite part is called the apex. The tuber grows at the top - its youngest part.

Tuber

Potato, Tuberous Nightshade (lat. Solánum tuberósum) is a species of perennial tuberous herbaceous plants from the Solanum genus of the Solanaceae family.

The flower can be white, blue, purple or any other color. After flowering is completed, the fruit ripens - a green poisonous berry, reaching a diameter of 2 cm. The structure of the berry is quite simple: it is divided into two nests, each of which contains many small flattened seeds.

The stalk of a potato is formed from the bud of a tuber. Since there are always several buds, the stems also grow from 2-3 pieces or more, depending on the variety and size of the tuber itself. Several stems form a bush. In cross section, they have a faceted shape (3-4 faces), much less often the stem looks rounded. Often bushes reach a height of 80-90 cm, however, such luxurious plants often give a poor harvest, because all the strength goes into the development of the bush. Usually, this happens when there is an excess of fertilizers in the soil.

Interesting facts: you can increase the yield by deepening the arable layer, for example, up to 70 cm. Thus, the number of tubers will increase significantly.

I think it is important to know various facts about the origin and structure of any fruit, because how can you grow and dig potatoes from your crop without knowing that the type of potato fruit is tuberous? This is helpful.​

But, few people know what type of potato fruit. A berry, a root crop, or a plant in general? A tomato is a berry, like a cucumber. And what type of fruit does our favorite potato belong to?

Stem

4- xylem; 5 - inner phloem; 6 - core.

The position of the ovary in the flower is indicated by a dash. With the upper ovary, the flower is sub-pistil, therefore, under the number of the number of carpels, a line G () is placed;

Leaves

Ca or K (in Russian H) - cup (calyx)

Take a look at the textbook!

Outside, the tubers are covered with cork skin, the main color of which is white, red or purple (blue); some varieties have variegated tubers - white-red or white-blue.

Flower

The stem is bare, ribbed. Part of the stem, immersed in the soil, produces long shoots (15-20 long, in some varieties 40-50 cm).

Despite the relatively low content of nutrients in potatoes, this root vegetable occupies an important place in the diet of many peoples. The advantages of the vegetable are the relative ease of cultivation, a decent yield, and, of course, the excellent taste of the potato.

Each stem has wing-like appendages along its entire length.

In addition to the usual roots in the underground part of the plant, there are stolons - shoots growing from the mother tuber. In the process of development, stolons grow and young tubers begin to form on young shoots. Stolons are easy to distinguish from roots: they are light and thicker.

Today, potatoes occupy a significant niche in the diet in many parts of the world. Due to its nutritional value, relative cheapness and wide distribution, this vegetable is often called the "second bread". Despite the apparent simplicity, the structure of the potato is much more complicated, and a detailed consideration of this issue will be useful for many agricultural producers and ordinary summer residents.

ovosheved.ru

Who knows the formula of a potato flower and describe the structure of a flower and fruit of a potato !!! Please!!"

Alchemist

The potato is a perennial tuberous plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family. Therefore, the answer to the main question - the type of potato fruit - is tuberous. Planting it in the ground, he gives shoots to his other flowering, thus forming tubers among themselves. By digging them up, you can fully examine the structure of the tubers, it is quite interesting and does not look like any other.
The figure shows the structure of two tubers: just formed (1.5 mm in diameter) and fully developed (50 mm in diameter).
With a simple perianth, the signs of the calyx and corolla do not apply, and it is denoted by the letter P (perigonium). .​
Co or C (in Russian B) - corolla (corolla)
Flower: *K (5) C (5) A5 G2

Natalya Ushakova

On the tuber there are eyes in a spiral, in the recesses of which three dormant buds are most often placed. At the top of the tuber, the eyes are more closely spaced than at the umbilical cord. Their number depends on the size of the tuber and on the variety.

draw and describe the structure of the flower and fruit of a potato?

Sir Victor

The potato leaf is dark green, discontinuously unpaired pinnately dissected, consists of a final lobe, several pairs (3-7) of lateral lobes placed one against the other, and intermediate lobes between them. The unpaired share is called the final, the paired shares have ordinal names - the first pair, the second pair, etc. (the account is kept from the final share). The lobes and lobules sit on rods attached to the rod, the lower part of which passes into the petiole. Near the shares of the pairs, even smaller lobules are placed.

Potato fruit is a multi-seeded berry.

Each variety of potato has its own characteristics, including the number, size and shape of the leaves. An experienced gardener can easily determine the variety by the appearance of the green mass. The leaf of the potato is discontinuous-unpaired pinnately dissected. On the main rod, between the paired lobes, smaller lobules are usually formed, and between them, in turn, there are even smaller lobules.

Many people believe that the tuber is the fruit of the potato. In fact, the tuber is part of an underground stem or stolon, and to be more precise, the tuber is a modified shoot. The plant accumulates in it starch, sugar and other useful substances necessary for further development.

Potatoes are native to Central and Latin America. Spanish discoverers began to import potatoes into Europe at the end of the 16th century. At first, European kings and nobility appreciated only the flowers of the plant, which they used as a decorative ornament. Peasants zealously rejected this vegetable because they were ill-informed about the nutritional properties of the tubers themselves. Frequent poisoning with potato fruits and berries often led to the fact that, in a fit of anger, the peasants simply uprooted the plants and burned them in the fire. The pleasant aroma of baked tubers obviously made people taste them. So, gradually, the attitude of Europeans to the new vegetable has changed dramatically.​

This type of fruit is characterized by a high content of a toxic substance - solanine, but it is not life-threatening under certain rules:

This is a nightshade flower 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens, 1 pistil. the fruit is a berry, formed after flowering. Root crops are formed on the roots.

Potato - Ca(5)Co(5)A5G().

P (in Russian O) - simple perianth (perigonium)

The fruit is a multi-seeded, dark green, poisonous berry.

Potato tubers contain the most water and starch. The chemical composition of tubers depends on the variety and growing conditions. On average, it is believed that a potato tuber contains about 75% water, 20% starch, 2% crude protein, and the rest is sugar, fat, fiber and ash.​

The flowers are white, pink and purple, collected in a shield at the top of the stem, the calyx and corolla are five-parted. flower formula:​

flower structure: double perianth. calyx and corolla are joint-petal. (5 petals) surveying some semblance of a tube.

) Description of the structure of the flower and fruit of the potato. potato flower formula.

Anya A.D.

There are three degrees of dissection: weak, medium and strong. On a slightly dissected sheet, there is one pair of lobules, but there are no lobules at all. On a heavily dissected sheet, there are more than 2 pairs of lobules and many lobules.
Potato tuber has a peculiar structure and appearance. On the smooth and dense surface of the tuber, there are always so-called "eyes", small black dots and scars.

Describe the structure of the flower and fruit of a potato!!!

Ekaterina Belyaeva

In Rus', potatoes appeared during the time of Peter I. The tsar, as a lover of everything European, brought a small batch of potatoes from Holland and ordered them to be handed over to the peasants for breeding. The lack of necessary knowledge had bitter consequences, similar to those that had happened to peasants in Europe before. In addition, many clergymen convinced illiterate people about the inadmissibility of growing a foreign fruit and equated it with a sinful act.
Do not keep potatoes in the sun;

Elena Yakovleva

Perianth double - 5L, (5) H, (5) T, 1P berry fruit

Ira Kuts

Schematic structure of a potato tuber
A (in Russian T) - stamens (androecium) (androceum)

Galina Russova (Churkina)

look here

drawing of the structure of the flower and fruit of a potato

Gene Abos

Good luck to you!
The fruit of the potato is a multi-seeded two-celled berry with a diameter of about 2 centimeters. Young berries are green, turn pale when ripe and acquire a pleasant smell. Berries are formed only in a few varieties, which depends on the sterility of pollen prevailing in potatoes, as well as on weather conditions. The seeds are small. When distilled from seedlings, potatoes bloom and form tubers in the first year, but the growing plants differ sharply both from each other and from the variety from which the seeds were collected. Therefore, potato varieties cannot be propagated by seeds, and they are sown mainly when new varieties are bred.
And the formula and diagram of the flower, like those of other nightshade.
The structure of the leaves also differs in the way the lobes, lobules and lobules are placed. If they are superimposed on each other, creating the appearance of a continuous sheet, then this type is called dense. If the distance between the elements of the sheet is large enough, then we have a rare leaf type.​
The eyes are the buds from which the stems of the plant sprout. The structure of the eyes is quite interesting: near the main kidney in each of the eyes there are always several more additional kidneys that are activated in case of damage to the main one. Each tuber can have from 4 to 15 eyes. They are located on the upper half of the tuber.
The potato belongs to the nightshade family. This is a perennial plant, however, for the purposes of agricultural production, potatoes are grown as an annual crop. The generally accepted method of reproduction is planting tubers, however, experts also use seeds for selective work. The biological features of potatoes, as a crop, are in the specific formation of the root system, tubers and the aerial part of the plant.
If any green spots appear, it must be thrown away - this is the manifestation of solanine;
Radish - Perianth double 4L, 4H, T4 + 2, P1 fruit pods,
​size 1.5 mm (A) and 50 mm (B).​
G or g (in Russian P) - pistil, carpels (gynoecium) (gynoeceum)
At the beginning of the formula, the symmetry sign of the flower is indicated:
Potato.
Potato flower.
the flower is correct. stamens 5, pistil 1. ovary upper.
As you know, several centuries ago, a potato flower attached to clothes was considered a sign of belonging to the aristocracy.

The structure of the potato tuber also includes lentils - small points through which gas exchange occurs in the tubers. The formation of lentils occurs in parallel with the formation of the peel. If there is too much moisture in the soil or the soil is clogged, then loose white neoplasms appear on the lentils, which help to absorb air. An increase in the size of lentils is a bad signal, indicating that gas exchange is disturbed in the tuber or it is affected by a disease.
The root system of potatoes is of two types. A plant grown from seed has an embryonic taproot with a large number of small roots. Secondary roots are also laid at the base of the stem. A potato grown from a tuber has a fibrous root system consisting of sprout, stolon and stolon roots.

If the potato has a bitter taste - this is also a confirmation of the food content, it should also not be eaten.
Tulip - simple perianth L 3 + 3, T6, P1 fruit box
Above is a chart characterizing the ratio of individual tissues
Next to the literal expressions of the parts of the flower, the number of elements is indicated in numbers (five-petal corolla - Co5, six-membered androecium - A6), and if their number in flowers of the same species is not constant (usually more than 12) - a symbol.
- the flower is correct (actinomorphic)