Presentation for parents "parasitic diseases and their prevention." Presentation "Human Parasites"

Nematodes

Roundworms breathe over the entire surface of the body; the circulatory system is completely absent.

The most prominent representatives that belong to the class of roundworms are:

• whipworm;
• human roundworm;
• pinworms, etc.

The signs of the presence of nematodes in the human body will be discussed below.

Flatworms

If the nematode has a monolithic body, then the fluke is divided into multiple segments.

All representatives of the class of flatworms are hermaphrodites and have a reduced intestine.

The fluke and other cestodes do not have sensory organs as such, but the body of the helminths is covered with peripheral processes that help them navigate in space. The fluke lacks a circulatory system and respiratory organs.

The presentation of flatworms allows us to see that, unlike flukes, tapeworms are characterized by the presence of a head with characteristic two pits designed for fixation on the walls of internal organs, as well as one hole, which is located on the front of the helminths’ body.

The head of the tapeworm is already “equipped” with four suckers, the body is also divided into many segments. The life cycle of tapeworms - cestodes - is associated with multiple changes of intermediate hosts, as well as with alternation of larval stages of development.

The vital activity of worms in the host’s body cannot pass without leaving a trace. It is no secret that flukes, nematodes and other helminths are capable of disrupting metabolism, which provokes a malfunction of almost all internal human organs (this disease is commonly called helminthiasis).

In return, the worms release toxins - substances that cause a variety of allergic reactions in the infected patient.

As a result, a person’s metabolism is disrupted, inflammatory processes develop in the affected organs, and symptoms of allergy (intoxication) appear. Toxins - waste products of helminths - are gradually absorbed into the blood and, along with it, spread throughout the patient’s body. This leads to various nervous disorders and other health problems.

The fluke, a representative of trematodes, consumes gastric components, blood, mucosal cells and nutrients that are in the gastric ducts.

The class of flatworms (including the fluke) “choose for life” the liver and pancreas. The disease, the development of which it provokes, is called opisthorchiasis. The main symptoms of this form of helminthiasis:

• muscle pain;
• hyperthermia;
• dizziness;
• diarrhea;
• skin rashes;
• painful sensations in the abdomen (especially in the area of ​​the right hypochondrium).

A fluke such as the pulmonary fluke (the presentation of the class of flatworms shows a photo of this helminth) can be located in the respiratory system and provoke symptoms such as wheezing and chest pain in patients. Clonorchis, a liver fluke, causes the development of pancreatitis and severe attacks of pain in the gallbladder. In rare cases, a patient with opisthorchiasis may be diagnosed with liver cirrhosis.

The larvae of roundworms are able to migrate throughout the patient’s body; they feed on particles of undigested food, as well as useful components that they receive from the blood of an infected host.

The main symptoms of nematodes, a form of helminthiasis caused by roundworms, include the following characteristic features:

• painful sensations in the abdomen;
• vomiting, nausea;
• recurrent headaches;
• increased body temperature;
• Hallucinations may occur.

Such a representative of roundworms as whipworms often causes the development of inflammatory processes in the cecum. Signs of pathology include symptoms such as frequent constipation and anemia. Trichinella usually “choose to live” muscle tissue; their larvae cause pain in muscles located throughout the body.

Project objectives:

Hypothesis:

Trichomonas cause diseases of the genitourinary system, intestines, mouth, blood, and blood vessels. Diseases: diabetes, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, stroke, heart attack, cancer. Fungi – an abundance of various diseases, the formation and development of oncology.

Giardia affects the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, and small intestine. Giardiasis can cause duodenitis, pancreatitis, enteritis, hepatitis and cholecystitis.

Roundworms cause pulmonary, biliary and intestinal diseases.

Opisthorchiasis causes allergies, biliary dyskinesia, diseases of the stomach and intestines, hepatic and bile ducts, dysbacteriosis, vegetative-vascular dystonia, and affects the pancreas.

Pinworms – enterobiasis, an abundance of intestinal diseases, allergic reactions, severe itching around the anus at night.

Fascioliasis causes allergies, biliary dyskinesia, and chronic hepatitis.

Asciolopsidosis is involved in the formation and development of various oncological diseases.

Chlamydia causes infertility, digestive disorders, various lesions of the pancreas (including diabetes), liver and leads to heart attacks.

Chlamydial infection, for example, is dangerous because it does not always lead to clearly defined inflammation. There may be no obvious disease, but there is a lot of chlamydia in the blood. Chlamydia often occurs with almost no symptoms. And at 40–50 years old - a heart attack! This happens because chlamydia is too tenacious, and in addition, it knows how to “hide” in white blood cells. That is why the body itself almost does not fight chlamydia, it simply does not notice them.

Chlamydia

2.Always wash your hands with soap and hot water.

3.When using fresh herbs to make salads, pour boiling water over them.

4. Wash chicken eggs with soap before using them in any preparation.

5.Be sure to wash bananas and citrus fruits before eating. It doesn't matter that you don't eat the peel, you touch it with your hands, which you then use to touch the flesh.

6.If you like to walk barefoot, wash your feet thoroughly after such walks with soap and hot water.

7.Wash your hands after every contact with pets. If you keep a cat or dog at home, do not give them fresh meat, fish or chicken without first freezing or cooking it.

8. Do not drink raw water in the country, in the village and other places where you can doubt its thorough disinfection.

Following simple hygiene standards will protect you from dangerous diseases.

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Roundworms, pinworms Pinworms are the most common helminth in children. They live in the lower intestine. Females actively emerge from the anus, lay eggs (from 5,000 to 15,000 per day) and die. After 4-6 hours, the eggs mature, end up on bed linen, hands, and in the mouth.

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Toxocara The main host is dogs, but human infection can also occur. The length of the helminth is up to 30 cm. The female lays 200,000 eggs daily, which remain viable for several years. With dust, sand, on shoes, through dirty hands, eggs enter a person’s home, and infection occurs.

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Hookworm - hookworm Adult worms are 5-13 mm in size, live in the intestines, where they attach to the villi, sucking them into the mouth. The total number can range from a few to 2 million. The female lays up to 20,000 eggs per day.

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Helminth larvae that mature in the soil enter humans through dirty hands. Migrating throughout the body through blood vessels, they settle in the lungs and heart. Growing up, they enter the oral cavity and are swallowed, feeding on blood.

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Echinococcus A sexually mature individual has a head with 4 suckers and a double crown of 40 hooks, a neck and 2-3 body segments.

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Human infection occurs through contact with infected animals, when picking berries and herbs, and drinking water from contaminated sources. In the human intestine, the larvae penetrate the blood vessels and are carried by the bloodstream, retained in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and settle in the bones and brain. There, the echinococcus begins to form a capsule with many worms, the size of such a capsule can reach the size of a soccer ball, and the host tissues are compressed and die.

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Test for the possibility of helminth infection Yes - 2 points, Sometimes - 1 point, No - 0 points. Do you swim in rivers or ponds? Do you use water from unverified sources, for example, from a well in the village? Do you fertilize your garden with manure? Do you eat homemade lard with streaks of meat? Do you eat lightly salted fish from freshwater bodies?

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6. Do you eat freshly prepared pork kebab? 7. Do you eat “wild meat”, such as bear meat? 8. Do you use homemade lightly salted caviar? 9. Do you eat vegetables straight from the garden? 10. Do you eat fruits and berries straight from the garden, such as strawberries? 11. Do you eat fallen fruits, such as apples? 12. Do you store carrots in sand taken from the yard?

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13. Don't wash your hands with soap before eating? 14. Don’t pour boiling water over all your greens before cooking? 15. Don't wash your eggs? 16. Don’t wash bananas, oranges, tangerines before eating? 17. Do you walk barefoot on the grass? 18. Have helminthic diseases been noticed in the family, for example, pinworms in children? 19. Does the family have a dog or a cat?

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0-5 points Helminths have virtually no chance of finding you as a host. Keep doing the same. 6-12 points The chances of infection are real. You need to strengthen your own hygiene rules, reconsider some aspects of nutrition and rest in order to increase your level of protection from the penetration of helminths.

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13-25 points You have an absolutely real chance of becoming the host of about 150 species of helminths. You are a desirable object for them because you do not have sufficient information about the methods of infection, or do not attach importance to it. More than 25 points You are helminths' best friend! You need to completely reconsider your views on personal sanitary safety!

Forming cysts, amoebas leave the human body with undigested food debris. Light cysts spread easily. If you don't wash your hands and food, you can become infected.

Malarial plasmodium

If a person with malaria is bitten again by a malaria mosquito, the plasmodia will now be transferred from the person to the mosquito. Plasmodium reproduces sexually in the body of a mosquito.

Malaria is common in Africa. This is a very dangerous disease. Malaria is fought, among other things, by destroying malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

Trypanosomes

The vector of sleeping sickness is the tsetse fly. This disease is typical for tropical Africa. Sleeping sickness develops in two stages: in the first weeks a person is tormented by fever and pain, after a month or more drowsiness sets in, disturbances in sleep and coordination, and changes in consciousness. The disease is easier to treat in the first stage.

Giardia

A person becomes infected with giardiasis by eating unwashed food containing Giardia cysts. Having emerged from the cyst, lamblia attaches itself to the intestines and feeds on digested food.

Leishmania

There are different types of leishmaniasis associated with damage to various tissues of the body. One of them is the skin disease Pendensky ulcer.

Coccidia

Coccidia include the genus Toxoplasma. Their representatives cause such a widespread disease in humans as toxoplasmosis. A person becomes infected from pets or poorly prepared meat food. Toxoplasma affects many organs, including the nervous system.