Adverse and unusual natural phenomena presentation. Presentation on the topic "The most unusual natural phenomena"
a beautiful and fairly common natural phenomenon that is an electric glow. It occurs on the sharp ends of towers, masts, lonely trees, tops of rocks, etc. during times of high electric field strength in the atmosphere. Most often they are harbingers of storms, storms and severe thunderstorms, but they can also be observed during a strong sandstorm, when sand particles rushing at great speed are highly electrified. In science, this phenomenon is known as a corona or point discharge. It occurs on pointed objects, especially single ones, when the electric field potential reaches 500 V/m. The lights are different: sometimes it is a uniform glow in the form of individual flickering lights, and sometimes this phenomenon is so similar to a flame that they try to put it out. Most often, the Lights are blue or white-blue in color, they do not burn or cause fire, and last, usually no more than a minute. This phenomenon is often accompanied by a hissing or whistling sound. This phenomenon owes its name to Saint Elmo, the patron saint of Mediterranean sailors. Residents of the Swiss Alps used St. Elmo's lights for a kind of weather forecasting. On high places, for example, on the walls of a castle, a spear with a wooden shaft was stuck. From time to time, a halberd was brought to the tip of the spear, and if sparks appeared, a bell was rung, thereby warning the inhabitants of an approaching thunderstorm. The sailors also made predictions: for example, if the St. Elmo's Fire that appeared was a single ball, then this foreshadowed a strong storm, if the ball was spinning or dancing around it, then it was worth waiting for the storm to intensify, and if there were two balls, then this was considered a good sign.
BALL LIGHTNING On August 17, 1978, a group of Soviet climbers camping in the Caucasus Mountains was attacked by ball lightning. The fireball flew into their sleeping bags one by one. One person died, four received severe burns. There are a lot of interpretations of the phenomenon of ball lightning - from UFOs and certain life forms to scientific hypotheses. P. L. Kapitsa believed that a standing electromagnetic wave arises between the clouds and the ground and a gas discharge can form on it, which moves along the field lines. There is a version of a plasmoid, thermochemical effects occurring in saturated water vapor under a strong electric field, etc.
Light pillars Light pillars (solar pillars) are an optical phenomenon that represents bands of light extending up or down from a bright object, for example, the Sun. Most often they can be observed during sunrise or sunset. A column of light occurs when sunlight reflects off the surfaces of tiny ice crystals suspended in the air. Such crystals form in high cirrus clouds, most often in cirrostratus clouds. At low temperatures, such crystals can also form in lower layers of the atmosphere. Therefore, light pillars are more often observed in the cold season.
Halo Halo is the refraction and reflection of light in the ice crystals of the upper clouds; They are light or rainbow circles around the Sun or Moon, separated from the luminary by a dark gap. Halos are often observed at the front of cyclones and can therefore serve as a sign of their approach
ST. ELM'S FIRE. If the electric field strength in the atmosphere is high, then in addition to spark discharges - lightning - sometimes there is an outflow of electricity from the ends of sharp objects. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the air near protruding objects becomes a conductor of electricity and a glow appears at their sharp ends. These "quiet" discharges are sometimes accompanied by a faint crackling sound and are called the fires of St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. It is especially beautiful when St. Elmo's lights appear at the ends of the masts and yards of a sailing ship. These mysterious lights do not require thunderclouds to form; they are more often seen in the mountains, as well as during dust storms and blizzards.
Red Elves Elves are huge but faintly luminous flash cones (most often curved cones) that appear directly from the top of a thundercloud (anvil). They appear above the active system (core) of a thunderstorm and are directly associated with strikes of linear and plane lightning. They are red oval or cone-shaped spots that can be located above the cloud either in groups or individually. Elves are very tall, their tops rise to an average height of 95 km.
Gloria Gloria (from Latin gloria - glory, halo) is an optical phenomenon that consists of multi-colored rings around the observer’s shadow cast on a cloud consisting of water droplets. Gloria is similar to a rainbow, but it is much smaller than the colorful companion of rain. Its angular size ranges from 5 to 20 degrees, so it is almost always a complete circle. There is no exact theory of the formation of gloria, however, it is believed that, like a rainbow, it is formed due to the diffraction of light reflected by water drops.
MIRAGE (FATA MORGAN) Mirages are an optical phenomenon caused by the refraction of light rays in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the air. They come in several types. Fata Morgana is the rarest type of mirage. It occurs when several alternating layers of air of varying densities are formed, capable of giving specular reflections.
The Northern Lights are not a terrestrial phenomenon because they are caused by the Sun and occur high above the earth. Periodically, a flare occurs on the Sun, equal in released energy to the explosion of an unimaginable number of atomic bombs, and a mass of particles is thrown into space, rushing at the speed of light. Deflected by the Earth's magnetic field, they strike atmospheric particles, imparting an electrical charge to them. Getting rid of the charge, the particles begin to “glow” - this process gives light, creating a show in the night skies. And the reason that the lights have chosen the polar regions lies in magnetic fields: they deflect particles rushing towards the equator and direct them towards the Earth's magnetic poles.
The phenomenon, known as "swaying curtains", occurs at an altitude of about 113 km. Maximum height at which lights are formed, km. above the earth's surface; There is also some indication that reddish lights are more common in the upper layers, where the atmosphere is thinner and particles are less likely to collide. As particle collisions become more frequent, the color changes to purple; at low altitudes the most common color is green. Although these dancing lights have been scientifically explained, they have retained an aura of mystery and a reputation as one of nature's most spectacular phenomena.
The polar (northern) lights are one of the most beautiful optical phenomena in the world, which can be observed exclusively at high latitudes, near the poles. Typically, auroras are bluish-white, and only in exceptional cases can multicolored auroras be observed. Auroras arise as a result of the bombardment of the upper layers of the atmosphere by charged particles moving towards the Earth along the geomagnetic field lines from the region of near-Earth space. The Northern Lights can last from several hours to several days and amaze with their extraordinary beauty.
Any lightning is an electric current, which, depending on conditions, can take different forms. Especially amazing are ball lightning, which used to be called fireballs. The nature of the occurrence of ball lightning is still not precisely known. Sometimes they were even observed inside houses and airplanes. The behavior of ball lightning has also not been studied. Ball lightning can be fiery red, orange or yellow and float in the air for several seconds until it disappears. Lightning is always accompanied by thunder and a bright flash of light and is most often observed during a thunderstorm. Each of us has repeatedly seen ordinary, so-called linear lightning. But ball lightning is a rather rare phenomenon. In nature, for about a thousand ordinary, linear lightning, there are only 2-3 ball lightning.
We are all accustomed to seeing the ordinary moon, but sometimes when the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity or for other reasons, the Moon looks different colors. The blue and red Moon are especially unusual. A blue moon is such a rare natural phenomenon that the British even have a saying “once in a blue moon,” which means about the same as our “after the rain on Thursday.” The blue moon appears from ashes and burning. For example, when forests burned in Canada, the moon was blue for a whole week.
“Fire” rain (star rain) In fact, it is not stars that fall from the sky, but meteorites, which, upon entering the earth’s atmosphere, heat up and burn. In this case, a flash of light appears, which is visible at a fairly large distance from the surface of the Earth. Most often, a meteor shower of high intensity (up to a thousand meteors per hour) is called a star or meteor shower. A meteor shower consists of meteors that burn up in the atmosphere and does not reach the ground, while a meteor shower consists of meteorites that fall to the ground. Previously, the former were not distinguished from the latter, and both of these phenomena were called “rain of fire.” Interesting fact: every year the mass of the Earth increases by an average of 5 million tons from meteorite fragments and cosmic dust.
Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost mystical sense of wonder. We all know the reason for the appearance of most mirages - overheated air changes its optical properties, causing light inhomogeneities called mirages. A mirage is a phenomenon that has long been explained by science, but continues to amaze people. The optical effect is based on a special vertical distribution of air density. Under certain conditions, this leads to the appearance of virtual images near the horizon. However, you instantly forget all these boring explanations when you yourself become a witness to a miracle being born before your eyes.
Lenticular clouds (Lenticular mammatus) are a rare meteorological phenomenon. This photo was taken in Joplin, Missouri. Early in the morning, Joplin residents could see these crazy clouds in the sky. Clouds called "lenticular mammatus" are quite rare. The last such occurrence was recorded in this area about 30 years ago.
St. Elmo's Fire is a very beautiful and unusual natural phenomenon. The first witnesses to this phenomenon were sailors who observed St. Elmo's lights on masts and other vertical pointed objects. These are very beautiful luminous balls that appear from high electric field strength, for example, during a thunderstorm, blizzard or strong storm. Sometimes it happened that St. Elmo's Fire disabled electrical and radio devices.
If you light a fire in the mountains at night under low clouds, your shadow will appear on the clouds and you will have a luminous halo around your head. This phenomenon is called Gloria. Gloria is an optical phenomenon that is observed on clouds located directly in front of or below the observer, at a point directly opposite the light source. In China, Gloria is called "Buddha's light." A colored halo always surrounds the shadow of the observer, which was often interpreted as the degree of his enlightenment (closeness to Buddha and other deities).
The round-horizontal arc, which is called a fire rainbow for its resemblance to flame, is created by ice, not fire. For a fire rainbow to occur, the Sun must rise above 58 degrees above the horizon and there must be cirrus clouds in the sky. Additionally, the numerous flat, hexagonal ice crystals that make up cirrus clouds must be arranged horizontally to refract sunlight like one giant prism. Therefore, a fiery rainbow can be seen very rarely, but such a phenomenon looks very fascinating in the sky.
At dusk, shortly before sunrise or just after sunset, the sky above the horizon is partly colorless and partly pinkish. This phenomenon is called the belt of Venus. The colorless stripe between the already darkened sky and the blue sky can be seen everywhere, even to the side opposite the Sun. The blueness of the sky is due to the reflection of sunlight in the atmosphere. The phenomenon of the belt of Venus is explained by the reflection in the atmosphere of the light of the setting (or rising) Sun, which appears reddened. The Belt of Venus is visible anywhere if the horizon is clear. In the picture you see the belt of Venus, photographed in the Moon Valley, covered with morning fog
Source
Unusual natural phenomena Presentation for the lesson of the surrounding world according to the “Harmony” program, grade 3 Natural phenomena.
Natural phenomena associated with the movement of air flows:
Dangerous natural phenomena.
- In summer, you can observe a dangerous natural phenomenon - a thunderstorm, accompanied by lightning, thunder, gusty winds, and downpours.
- During a thunderstorm, the worst thing seems to be thunder.
- What is thunder?
- During a thunderstorm, a flash of lightning quickly heats up the air, expands, and produces thunder.
Thunder is not dangerous to humans, lightning is.
Dangerous natural phenomena. Lightning is an electrical discharge between a cloud and the ground. Lightning can set a tree, a house on fire, and even kill a person. Oak trees can shed their leaves when struck by lightning. Dangerous natural phenomena. To protect their homes from lightning, people came up with special devices - lightning rods.
Helpful advice:
- Tall trees and water attract lightning, so during a thunderstorm there is no need to hide from the rain under a lonely tree.
- You should not swim in rivers, lakes, seas, etc.
- During a thunderstorm, the windows of your home should be kept closed.
- All electrical appliances in the home should be turned off.
- Sometimes air currents swirl into a huge funnel - a tornado.
- Such a vortex moves at tremendous speed, sucking in everything that gets in its way.
If in the desert, then tons of sand rise into the air.
Dangerous natural phenomena. One day, a tornado lifted hundreds of small pink frogs from the African Sahara Desert and landed them in England. Other natural phenomena.
- After rain, a multi-colored arc - a rainbow - may appear in the sky.
- Why does it occur?
The reason for this is sunlight. We think of it as white, but it is actually made up of seven colors. When rays of sunlight pass through the air, we see them as white light. And when a drop of water meets on their way, it refracts the light like a prism (the teacher shows the children a prism) and splits it into multi-colored rays. Thus a rainbow appears in the sky.
Other natural phenomena.
- Hail is small pieces of ice, often spherical in shape. Sometimes very large hail falls, the size of a chicken egg.
- If you cut a hailstone, you can see several layers in it. This suggests that hailstone icing occurred several times.
- The largest hailstone (1 kg) fell in Bangladesh in 1986.
- The largest raindrops measuring 10 mm fell in the USA in 1953.
- The longest period of rain in India was from August 1960 to July 1961.
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Free Powerpoint Templates Unusual Natural Phenomena
Lunar rainbow. We are almost used to the usual rainbow. A lunar rainbow is a much rarer phenomenon than a rainbow that is visible in daylight. A lunar rainbow can only appear in places with high humidity and only when the Moon is almost full. The photo shows a moonbow at Cumberland Falls in Kentucky.
Monarch Butterfly Migration
Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are remarkable because they fly from North America in the fall to spend the winter in Central Mexico and return in the spring. During migration, butterflies cover a distance of over four thousand kilometers. Flocks of migrating monarchs attract the attention of tourists and scientists. The former admire them, and the latter try to unravel the mechanisms of their behavior.
Birth of a butterfly
Northern lights.
Lenticular clouds
Fish, frog and other rains. One of the hypotheses explaining the appearance of such rains is a tornado that sucks out nearby bodies of water and carries their contents over long distances.
For several centuries in a row in Venezuela, a unique phenomenon has occurred in one place. Lightning strikes over the swampy plains near the Catatumbo River. They are often called the "Maracaibo Lighthouse" or Catatumbo Lightning.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Lesson on Kuban studies "Natural phenomena, weather anomalies"
Familiarizing students with natural phenomena, weather anomalies, rules of behavior during natural disasters...
Articles on the topic
