What is dangerous smell of vinegar for humans. Features poisoning with acetic acid. What exactly is affected by vinegar poisoning

Acetic acid, CH3COOH, is a colorless flammable liquid with a strong odor. This substance is obtained by the oxidation of acetaldehyde, and the food product is produced by acetic acid fermentation of ethanol.

Used for the manufacture of drugs, as well as in the form of table vinegar for seasoning, pickles, canned. Acetic acid is involved in the metabolic processes of many living organisms.

When released into the human body, this substance causes a chemical burn, adversely affects the condition of the kidneys and liver, and therefore treatment should be started immediately. Otherwise, the effects of poisoning will be irreversible.

Symptoms

Acid usually occurs when taken orally and is most common in young children, who are used to taste everything. An adult can be poisoned for the purpose of suicide, although sometimes it happens by chance.

In everyday life, acetic acid is usually found in the form of table vinegar - 6-9% aqueous solution. In case of poisoning, the lethal dose is about 200 ml. Also often used acetic essence, which is a 70-80% solution. Fatalities can occur when using 30-50 ml of this product.

If this substance enters the human body, general and local symptoms may occur. Local signs include a burn of mucous membranes, and the pain depends on which organ was affected - they can be localized in the pharynx, oral cavity, epigastrium, esophagus.

Also, symptoms of this condition include vomiting with blood. Observed irregularities in swallowing and marked salivation. If an intestinal burn occurs, motor failure of the organ may occur.

Burn this substance leads to coagulation tissue necrosis, which causes the formation of a dense scab. This reduces the ingress of acid inside.
A week later, these areas are rejected and ulcerations are formed, which are fraught with the development of re-bleeding. Deep wounds lead to the formation of connective tissues. For two to six months, they shrivel and form scars.

In addition, local symptoms of this condition include a burn of the respiratory tract, which is dangerous for the development of acute asphyxia.

Common symptoms of acetic acid poisoning include the following:

2. Acidosis.

3. Hemolysis of red blood cells.

4. Hemoglobinuria.

5. Acute renal failure.

6. Damage to the liver.

7. Violation of blood clotting.

8. Toxic burn shock.

Depending on the complexity of the situation, there are three degrees of severity of poisoning, each of which is characterized by very specific symptoms:

Mild degree

In this case, there are small burns of the oral cavity and esophagus, but there is no thickening of the blood, the internal organs are slightly affected.

Average degree

This situation is characterized by more severe vinegar poisoning, and the stomach suffers the most. Intoxication is accompanied by shock, the blood thickens.

Heavy degree

In this case, the walls of the digestive tract and upper respiratory tract suffer greatly. Renal failure and severe pain shock may develop.

The consequences of intoxication are directly dependent on the concentration of the substance and products that a person has eaten before. The first danger of such poisoning is the development of a burn disease. To avoid dangerous health effects, treatment must begin immediately.

Sometimes there is poisoning in pairs of vinegar - it is characterized by symptoms such as lacrimation, cough, runny nose. In this case, rarely occurs a general poisoning of the body. Chemical burns of the respiratory tract may occur when inhalation with concentrated vapors of acetic acid - in this case, you will need urgent help from a doctor who will select the optimal treatment.

Diagnostic methods

To make a correct diagnosis, the doctor assesses the data of the anamnesis and the characteristic clinical picture. Poisoning diagnosed on the basis of the smell of vinegar from the mouth or wash water of the stomach. Additional laboratory tests may also be used. In this case, metabolic acidosis and free hemoglobin are usually detected in the blood.

First Aid Rules

To minimize the harmful effects of acetic acid on the human body, he should be given first aid in a timely manner. First of all, the mouth should be rinsed well without swallowing water.

Also, emergency care includes probe gastric lavage. To do this, use 8-10 liters of cold water. Even the presence of blood in the washings should not be a contraindication to the procedure. In the first hours after poisoning, the large vessels of the stomach are not affected, and therefore there can be no dangerous bleeding.

In case of poisoning with acetic acid, it is absolutely impossible to induce vomiting. To neutralize this substance, first aid involves the use of Almagel and burnt magnesia. Before washing the stomach, anesthesia is performed with analgesics. The probe must be lubricated with Vaseline oil.

If there are no necessary medicinal substances on hand, before the ambulance arrives, the victim can be given ice and a few sips of sunflower oil. Also, first aid may consist in the use of the affected mixture of eggs and milk. It is quite permissible to use the composition of water with milk, which is mixed in equal proportions, or a mixture of egg whites and water - for its preparation 4 proteins should be mixed with 1 liter of water.
  The most valuable in case of poisoning with acetic acid are the first two hours. Emergency assistance, which includes washing, should be provided during this period. After 120 minutes, so much swelling of the mucous membranes will occur that it will be quite difficult to assist a person.
  In no case can not be used for washing soda solution. The interaction of acid and alkali occurs a chemical reaction, during which water and carbon dioxide are produced. The formation of a similar composition inside the stomach is fraught with death

Treatment methods

After first aid was provided, the person should be hospitalized and an effective treatment should be selected for him. It usually includes the use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. As a rule, treatment is based on the implementation of the following measures:

• conducting forced diuresis with alkalization of blood;
• with the development of metabolic acidosis, sodium bicarbonate is prescribed;
• for the treatment of burn shock is used refortam, stabizol;
• in order to relieve pain, intravenous administration of the glucose-novocainic mixture is prescribed;
• antibacterial drugs are prescribed for the prevention of secondary infection;
• hormonal preparations are used to prevent the narrowing of the esophagus;
• papaverine 2% can be used to eliminate spasm;
• in the case of the development of toxic coagulopathy, transfusion of fresh frozen plasma is performed;
• with massive hemolysis, early hemodialysis is indicated;
• in case of liver damage, glutargin acid is used;
• in case of severe burns of the digestive system, a person should be on parenteral nutrition.

Topical treatment is the use of anesthesin almagel every three hours. To speed up the healing process, sea buckthorn oil can be used orally.

Food after poisoning with acetic acid for the first time completely eliminates all food. After such a severe injury, the esophagus is in serious condition, and therefore food intake can only aggravate the situation.

The body receives nutrients parenterally. After this, the use of a mixture of fish oil or sunflower oil with antibiotics is gradually introduced.

If a person is diagnosed with a second or third degree of damage with acetic acid, the swallowing reflex is disturbed, and therefore food must be administered using gastrostomy.

Three weeks after the burn, the esophagus bougienage procedure is prescribed - such a period is required for scar formation.
  In this case, the treatment lies in the fact that with the help of special tubes, the patency of the esophagus is achieved. Bougienage is prescribed individually, based on the characteristics of each case.

In medicine, there are several methods for carrying out this procedure - blindly, using a metal guide or esophagoscope.

  Vinegar is a well-known acid, which is widely used not only in cooking, but also in industrial, pharmaceutical, chemical production, as well as in the manufacture of various cosmetics.

In fact, vinegar is a common preservative, the purpose of which is to preserve the properties of the product for a long time, to provide disinfecting, cleansing and other actions.

There are a lot of varieties of this solution, however, it is table and apple vinegars that have the highest consumer rating and level of demand compared to other species. But vinegar is not as simple and harmless as it may seem at first glance.  To avoid health problems associated with improper handling of the liquid, you need to clearly know the rules for using this product. Otherwise, the consequences can be very serious, even irreversible. In addition, treatment and rehabilitation after acetic intoxication, as a rule, are long and expensive.

The lethal dose of 6–9% of table vinegar is 200 ml, and 70–80% of acetic essence - only 30–50 ml.

Vinegar features: table, apple

Despite the fact that apple and table vinegar can be attributed to one category of culinary product, each of them has different properties and action.

Dining room  It is made from synthetic raw materials. It is used in the manufacture of medicines, detergents, cleaning, stain-removing and disinfecting agents and as a component (spice) for preservation. In addition, table vinegar can be used as a treatment for migraines and colds (as compresses), arthritis, asthma and intestinal infections. It is also used to reduce appetite during a diet and the removal of toxins from the body. However, we must remember that table vinegar can be harmful to health. With frequent or uncontrolled use, it contributes to the disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, up to chemical burns or ulceration, deterioration of vision, the appearance of yellow skin, aggravation of prostatitis and decreased libido. Ingestion of a large amount of vinegar at once is fraught with death.

Apple.  The basis of production is natural, with the presence in the product of an extract of natural alcohol. Apple cider vinegar in its composition contains many vitamins, trace elements, acids, enzymes and other useful substances. It is actively used in cooking as a taste product to improve the quality and biological value of food, flavor, acidifier and preservative, in cosmetology in the form of a therapeutic and care product. For example, apple cider vinegar can be effectively used as a treatment for hair loss, seborrhea and other dermatological problems, cellulite and as a prophylactic drug for various diseases. Apple cider vinegar is the best remedy for children with sore throat, fever, cold, rhinitis and.

Important! Doses of the solution and the frequency of its use should always be strictly verified, otherwise unpleasant consequences in the form of a violation of acidity, damage to the enamel of the teeth, tissues of the oral and laryngeal cavity, problems of digestion and gastrointestinal work will not keep you waiting.

Symptoms of intoxication

Most often, vinegar poisoning is random. However, there are cases of deliberate use of the solution for the purpose of suicide. But for whatever reason the poisoning happens, it is very important to know how the emergency first aid to the injured turns out, as well as to be able to recognize directly the symptoms of toxicosis. Acetic poisoning has several stages of development:

• sudden
• toxemia;
• complicated by the appearance of infections and inflammations;
• restorative.

However, it is worth noting that the symptoms of poisoning with vinegar or its vapors will vary depending on the degree of concentration of the solution. But the most common and common signs of poisoning are:

• confusion;
• burns of mucous membranes;
• swallowing disorder;
• lack of appetite;
• sharp pain in the stomach and esophagus;
• complicated breathing;
• bleeding disorder, the consequences of which are massive bleeding
• multiple organs;
• diuresis reduction;
• black feces (melena);
• tachycardia;
• strong salivation;
• sharp, unpleasant smell from the mouth;
• hoarseness, as the consequences of swelling of the vocal cords;
• renal failure;
• peritonitis;
• swelling of the bronchi and lungs;
• drop in blood pressure;
• psychomotor agitation.

First aid for poisoning with any vinegar, whether table or apple, is always aimed at reducing the risk of serious complications and eliminating directly the causes of toxication - removing acid from the stomach.
  But even the correct treatment of vinegar poisoning and timely first aid during the recovery period do not guarantee the absence of negative consequences.

So, the period of stabilization of the patient’s condition has its own specific symptoms in the form of:

• strong physical weakness;
• powerlessness;
• rough hemming of burn sites;
• modification, deformation of the stomach and esophagus;
• violation of metabolic processes in tissues;
• functional failure of the whole organism.

  The most severe cases of poisoning are most often associated with table vinegar, while apple, compared to the first, has less injury. However, whatever the etymology of acetic toxicity is necessary to do everything possible to eliminate the critical conditions of the patient.

Ambulance

As with any other form of chemical poisoning, toxication with acetic solution requires urgent, emergency measures. First aid in this case consists of special actions to eliminate and neutralize the acid in the body. So, what can and should be done if the symptoms of vinegar poisoning are confirmed?

  The first part of the rescue includes mandatory gastric lavage. It must be done carefully and quickly so as not to injure the walls of the burned alimentary canal and prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition. Such manipulations can be carried out only within two hours after the use of vinegar.  Wash the stomach with 10−15 liters of clean cold water. Often a soda solution is used to neutralize acetic acid. However, it is recommended to do this with extreme caution, since the use of soda solution can provoke acute expansion of the stomach and cause bloating, vomiting and convulsions.

In case of successful washing, you can proceed to the next stage - anesthesia. It is more expedient to do it by injection, using narcotic (with severe pain) or conventional analgesics. In addition, simultaneously with this procedure, an antispasmodic (Atropine) is injected into the body. After all the measures taken to provide emergency care, the patient is hospitalized in the hospital for further intensive therapeutic treatment.

Thus, the observance of simple measures of caution in the use and storage of any kind of vinegar will protect and protect households from tragic situations.

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