How to build a terrace to the house - the choice of location, size, materials and foundation. What should be the design of the veranda? What size should the terrace be?

Many owners of individual dwellings often think about new extensions. After all, when you yourself are the owner of a summer house or a personal plot, you definitely want to do something exclusive and as comfortable as possible. Consider one of the most common options for extensions - a veranda. At the same time, we will analyze the methods of its construction with our own hands.

The need for a veranda. Functions

The need for a veranda for your own home is obvious, because it is a place where it is easy to gather with the whole family for a summer barbecue dinner, and at the same time hide from the evening rain and watch its threads through the large windows. But at the same time, I want to be able, being on the veranda, to warm myself from the autumn wind. It is often assumed that a certain greenhouse is placed inside such an annex. Hence the functions that this building should have:

• good roof, preferably transparent or matte,
• huge windows,
• warm walls,
• big space,
• close connection with the house.

A similar extension to the house is sometimes also called a terrace.

Design options with photo

For clarity, we present several options for an attached veranda. Here, for example, is the design of the simplest summer structure associated with a house.

A simple open veranda does not protect from the cold

Here we see the classic version: the roof of a residential building is initially extended, then the hanging edge is supported by poles, after which the floor is paved. The open veranda is ready. However, in autumn, as in the photograph, it will be very cold and uncomfortable inside such a space.

Another thing is when the veranda is finished with glass. Then the wind will not blow into it. Here is a similar design.

Veranda with glass walls in the form of windows well protects from the wind

Here the columns are already capital, made of brickwork, and the area between the columns is covered with huge windows, which at the same time provides both aesthetics and protection from the wind, and excellent visibility.

An even more reliable option in terms of heat is a capital veranda.

The building in this case is more like a room at home.

Here the terrace is, as it were, part of the house. The degree of glazing is also high, but there are solid walls and underfloor heating, powered by house heating or electric current. Although the feeling of the presence of the surrounding world is still created.

How to build with your own hands: step by step instructions

Project and drawing

We start with design. It is necessary at this stage to determine the size of the veranda. The width of the building is usually taken no more than 3 m, otherwise the terrace will be too cumbersome. But as for the length, then the owners must decide for themselves whether to stretch the veranda for the whole house or not. Most often, a summer room is attached to only half or a third of the building.

1. Foundation. For the veranda, the most successful option is columnar. At the same time, several metal or asbestos pipes are simply laid in the project, which will be dug into the ground while standing to the depth of soil freezing. Their insides will have to be concreted with reinforcing bars. It is advisable to connect the protruding pipe heads with a grillage - a concreted tape around the perimeter.
2. Walls. There is a consensus on this issue: it is better to use the same material from which the house is built, because each type of building element has its own degree of expansion. For example, a wooden veranda can deform a little over time and “press” on a brick house. If the hut is made of logs, then a terrace made of boards will come in handy.
3. Roof. Usually it is single-sided. There is scope for design ideas. Most often, a transparent roof is made, for example, from colored polycarbonate. You can use thick glass, but it is enough and just to extend the roof of the house, whether it is slate or tile. The main thing is to withstand the necessary bias. Usually the slope of the roof of the veranda is less than that of the slopes of the roof of the house, since the width of the extension is small. A large slope of the roof of the veranda will underestimate its front part too much.

We will talk more about the choice of suitable components at each stage of construction in the process of describing the general step-by-step instructions. Having decided on the materials and dimensions, they make a drawing or sketch.

Typical scheme-drawing of the veranda of the house

The figure indicates the dimensions of the future building, as well as important dimensions, for example, the distance between the connecting elements, the slope of the roof, and so on.

Required materials and calculation with detailed examples

As an example, we will write instructions for the construction of a wooden frame of a shed veranda 3 meters long and 2 meters wide. We will take the height of such an extension to be 2 m directly near the house and 1.7 m from the front side.

For the construction of such a veranda, we will use the following components:

• wooden beams 100 mm x 100 mm with a total length of 42 m,
• logs in the form of wooden beams 50 mm x 100 mm each 3 m long (with a margin) - 4 pieces (for 3 meters of a building, according to building codes, 4 supports for the roof are enough),
• edged boards 20 mm thick for walls, board dimensions: 200 mm x 3 m, 200 mm x 2 m, their total area is 10 m 2,
• boards for roof sheathing 25 mm thick, with dimensions of 150 mm x 3 m, with a total area of ​​​​4.5 m 2,
• floor boards with an area of ​​​​2 m x 3 m, that is, an area of ​​\u200b\u200b6 m 2, board size: 30 mm x 250 mm x 2 m,
• nails about 2 kg.
• a metal or asbestos pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for a foundation 1.5 m long - 6 pieces (1 piece for each meter of the length of the building is enough according to building codes),
• polyethylene with an area of ​​​​approximately 1 m 2 (for 6 pipes),
• mastic for coating the ends of pipes - 1 bucket,
• fittings with a diameter of 8 mm - 12 bars (2 per pipe) 1.5 m each (according to the length of the pipes),
• cement 15 kg,
• sand 45 kg.

We will show how the calculation of materials was made.

To pour concrete into the insides of pipes inserted into the ground with a diameter of 100 mm, you will need some cement and sand. The total volume is equal to the product of the number of pipes and their volume. The latter is calculated as the product of the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the pipe and its length: V \u003d 0.1 x 0.1 x 1.5 \u003d 0.015 m 3. Here, for simplicity, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe is taken as the cross-sectional area of ​​a square of 100 mm x 100 mm.

For six pipes, the volume will be as follows: V total. \u003d 6 x 0.015 \u003d 0.09 m 3. Let us take the volume of solution we need to be 0.1 m3. According to building codes, to prepare such a volume, it is enough to take 15 kg of cement and 45 kg of sand.

Consider also lumber. Beams 100 mm x 100 mm are needed as connecting elements of the frame. We will have three horizontal trims, namely the lower perimeter at floor level, the window sill perimeter, the same at roof level. We will also have vertical racks, according to the number of pipes, 6 pieces of 2 m high are enough. In total, summing everything up, we get the total length of the beams 100 mm x 100 mm: L = (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 3 + 2 m x 6 = 42 m.

On the walls of a standard height of 1 meter for verandas, you will need the number of boards that will cover an area equal to the product of the perimeter of the building and a height of 1 m: S \u003d (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 1 \u003d 10 m 2.

Boards for lathing under roofing will be mounted with slots equal to their width. Therefore, half the approximate area of ​​\u200b\u200broofing is sufficient. The latter is approximately 3 m x 3 m = 9 m 2 (including the roof slope). So, 4.5 m 2 is enough for us.

Construction tools

We need the following tools to work:

• hacksaw,
• hammer,
• axe,
• shovel for mixing mortar,
• bayonet shovel for digging.

How to build: step by step instructions

1. First you need to mark the future veranda. Relying on our own drawing, we find the installation points for the foundation pipes. The maximum possible step between such supports is 2 m. It is advisable to retreat at least 4 cm from the foundation of the house and also determine the locations of the pits for the supports along the building.
2. The depth of the cavities for the foundation pipes should be about 1.5 m, depending on the region. The holes themselves can be dug with a shovel. There is an option to drill them with a universal hand drill. It is sold in many grocery stores. After preparing the cavities, they are filled with solid polyethylene for waterproofing, and then metal or asbestos-cement pipes are inserted into them. After that, two or three bars of reinforcement are pushed inside each such element and concrete is poured. The top end of each pipe must protrude at least 20 cm above the ground.
3. After the concrete has hardened, you can begin to mount the floor. But first you need to either make a grillage - connect all the pipes with a concrete tape, or at least pour gravel over the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future veranda. If the described manipulations are not done, debris will subsequently accumulate under the floor of the terrace, and the coating itself will turn out to be cold for the feet of the owners.
4. Consider the option without a grillage, when the entire planned area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe veranda is covered with gravel. It's both cheaper and easier. After filling our plot of land with stones, they need to be leveled with a shovel. Next, it is necessary to lay wooden beams with a profile of 100 mm x 100 mm along the pipes protruding from the ground, smeared with mastic, fastening them in the corners with standard locks. These locks, made with an ax, are also called cuts or cuts. Their options are shown in the diagram below. The future floor will rest on the described beams.
   

   The diagram shows various types of locks for connecting beams, we use the simplest

5. The next step is to build the frame of the veranda. We also make vertical racks from beams with a section of 100 mm x 100 mm. We fasten them with the perimeter of the base. After installing the verticals, we lay the flooring with edged boards with a thickness of 30 mm or more. We nail the floorboards to the beams with nails.
6. We install window sill beams at a height of 1 m, while fastening them vertically. The profile of the window sills can also be equal to 100 mm x 100 mm. To connect the beams in all cases, we use the classic lock, which was mentioned above. We also use screws or nails. You can strengthen all connections with metal corners. After installing the window sill beams outside the veranda, we nail edged boards to close the space from the floor to the window sill beams.
7. We make the upper strapping of the future veranda. To do this, we connect the verticals with the same beams, then we rely on this design for standard logs for mounting the roof.
   

   Important to remember! Since a typical veranda uses a shed roof, the front verticals should eventually be lower than the rear ones adjacent to the house by about 30 cm. If we did not take this into account right away, you can take a hacksaw and file the standing beams.

   The wooden frame of the veranda, in this case it is made close to the house, part of the frame rests on the foundation of the house, this option is acceptable

8. To build the roof of the terrace, a crate is nailed to the logs. Then sheets of roofing material are fixed and the same solid material is laid that adorns the slopes of the common house roof. There are also other options here that will provide an exclusive architectural form. For example, frames can be mounted on logs and “filled” with especially strong glass. Such a solution will give additional heating of the room from the sun even in winter.
   

   On a note. In recent years, another possibility has become widespread: it is enough to screw sheets of polycarbonate used for the construction of greenhouses with screws to the logs. This is a very comfortable and practical material. It bends well, which allows you to create arched structures. With it, it is easy to make the most unusual roof near the veranda.

9. We can not fill the space for windows if an open veranda is enough for us. If it is decided that the building will be closed, it is enough to install ordinary glazed wooden frames. At the same time, window frames can be “equipped” with multi-colored glass, and exclusive stained-glass windows will be obtained, noticeable even from afar. A similar example can be studied in this photo.
   

   Stained-glass windows in the design of a wooden veranda, the glass here is made to order

10. Special attention must be paid to the installation of the door. The opening for this element is initially laid in the project on the side of the terrace. In no case should you install the veranda door directly opposite the common house entrance, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided!

Finishing floors, walls and ceilings. How to insulate and how

In our example, the lower part of the veranda is finished with boards. Such walls are easy to insulate from the inside with foam. You just need to glue the material plates with mounting glue. Outside, plank walls are easy to “sheath” with siding, it is screwed to the tree with self-tapping screws. Insulating material on the inside for additional insulation can be finished with aesthetic panels, for example, made of plastic.

There is an option to close the space between the window sill beams and the floor instead of boards with sandwich panels or OSB boards. In the latter case, it is enough to use sawdust enclosed in polyethylene as an insulating material. Plastic bags with sawdust are attached with metal mounting tape and nails. And the inner surface, after fixing plastic bags with sawdust, is finished with plywood. There are no boundaries for design ideas, the final decision depends entirely on the owner.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video on the topic.

Video: How to attach a wooden summer terrace to the house

We have given design options and detailed instructions for the construction of a veranda, which is a continuation of a private house. It remains to add the last remark: when inventing an unusual, stylish veranda, do not forget about building codes and rules, and also try to make sure that your veranda does not spoil the overall picture of the house even at the design stage.

A veranda is a popular home improvement that not only adds to the overall value of a property, but is also a focal point for outdoor recreation with family and friends. This is the place where barbecues, evening dinners and other social events take place. The ways of using a veranda are as extensive as the types of verandas that can be built. With this in mind, you'll want to carefully consider the available design elements that go into a veranda. Tools and materials: measuring tape, graph paper and pencil, ruler, wooden stakes, level, hammer.

Location

The size and orientation of the lot and the house itself may be limited to just one or two verandas in various locations, however, within these limits, you can have much more choice than meets the eye. You can add retaining walls, a door, make walkways, screen a porch to create a private, personal setting, you can choose from a variety of options just the one that will be most convenient for your use. The climate of the area and the view that you will observe from the future veranda are key factors to consider when deciding where to place your veranda. The north side of your house is likely to be the coolest location. The south and west side of the house is likely to be very hot in mid-summer unless an additional awning is included in the building project, or shade from growing trees is used in the location. You can avoid exposure to winds, if any, by placing your deck on the opposite side, so that the house becomes a defense. In addition, careful placement will allow you to minimize traffic noise, eliminate unwanted glances, and provide additional privacy. If you are considering adding a hot tub or pool to your veranda, privacy considerations for you and your guests can be very important.

Legal regulations

Local zoning regulations - may limit the total size of your veranda, the height of the walls, as well as the minimum distance of the veranda from your house to the boundaries of the site. Structural ordinances - may limit the appearance of a structure. Local building department - may require a building permit and ask for design plans. Local utilities - will help you find the laid pipeline, power lines and similar utility lines.

Size

You can build a veranda of any size you wish, of course within the law. However, a huge deck next to a small house will look the same as a tiny deck next to a big house - wrong. If you think your proposed deck is large for your home, break it down by creating smaller sections on multiple levels. To test your ideas, take measurements on your lawn. Install wooden stakes at the nearest corners of the proposed area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future veranda and install the longitudinal beam, approximately at the height of the future railing. You can install furniture on the lawn, in the proposed construction area, to visualize how the space will work. The most common mistake people make when building decks is being too small. Tip: If possible, measure your porch in various sizes, larger and smaller. You will have to purchase standard lumber anyway, and there is no point in wasting that material when you could have a bigger deck for the same amount of money.

Form and flooring

A verandah can be any shape you want, in fact, simple changes like a bevelled decking angle or a 45 degree angle can add flair to a building project. You can also add visual interest to your veranda by installing it around the corner of your house, you can install benches, build a fence or sew up the veranda. As a rule, the flooring should go within five centimeters under the front door to the house. On a sloping site, you can build your veranda with several levels of support to follow the slope. As a rule, where the height of the veranda exceeds 50 centimeters from the ground, the pillars must have additional support to avoid vibrations. A spa or hot tub can be installed on a veranda when the structure is sufficiently reinforced to support the weight of the water, for this, the veranda can be installed directly on a concrete slab on the ground. In this case, the veranda is built around and on the slab. Existing trees or rocks, as well as other landscape elements, can be integrated into the veranda by designing and coordinating the veranda around the elements. If you are building a veranda around a tree, leave at least 10 cm around the trunk of the tree, taking into account the growth of the tree. Around stationary landscape elements, such as boulders, it is necessary to leave 20 cm, since the decking can expand and contract under conditions of different temperatures and humidity.

railing

Railings are the most visible visual element of the veranda, moreover, they offer great opportunities for the implementation of imagination and creative ideas. They can be fixed to posts that go into the ground, on the sides, from the edge of the carrier beam, or fixed directly to the deck. They can be made in wood, metal, or even rope - almost all materials are suitable, as long as they suit the building requirements and appearance. First of all, the design of your railing will be limited by building regulations that are designed to provide safety. As a general rule, posts that support railings, in accordance with building code regulations, must be no more than 40 cm apart. Railings should not have voids larger than 4x4. The durability of the railing will also depend on the design chosen. For example, the ends of your railings should be painted or coated with specialized compounds to minimize cracking and splitting.

Steps and stairs

Steps and stair structures are carefully regulated in accordance with building codes. As a general rule, steps and stairs should be at least 36 cm wide. If you want the stairs to allow two people to pass each other, the required width is 48 cm, this solution is necessary to create comfortable conditions. The increase should be no more than 7.5 cm, and the step width should be at least 15 centimeters. Building codes must also be carefully observed in the design of stairs, porch steps, support posts and the need for railings.

Structural Components: There are five main components of a traditional veranda:

Vertical racks. The posts are sunk into concrete or on piles, typically spaced 50 to 80 cm apart.

Horizontal beams. Installed on racks, parallel to the deck, must bear the weight of the veranda.

Bar. It is located between horizontal beams, as a rule, at a distance of 16 or 24 cm from each other. They distribute the weight of the veranda, allowing the deck boards to be used correctly.

Flooring. Boards laid on beams, floor of the veranda.

Railing. Usually 36-42 cm. Materials used, size and distance between components are determined by local building codes.

Material selection

Materials for the construction of the veranda, not only must be resistant to destruction and damage by insects, but also withstand the effects of water and the sun. Standard wood constructions include the use of pine or spruce, which resist rot, but this is not enough in extreme weather conditions or in the sun's ultraviolet rays. You get similar strength from pressed pine, cedar, or mahogany, and they can be dyed just about any color you want. When using mahogany or cedar, remember that only the core of these trees is resistant to splitting. Colored sapwood loses its qualities as quickly as pine and spruce. If you have a general idea of ​​the future porch, draw one or two sketches, choosing the best ideas from the many ideas. Use the veranda as part of your backyard landscaping and as a design element in your home. Use graph paper to maintain the specified dimension and get all the elements in a suitable scale. Take the sketch to your local builder's market, shop, or wood supplier, and ask for a rough estimate of the cost of the lumber.

An important element of a country house is a separate room with a view of the garden, forest, river, etc. This is a veranda. The veranda can serve as a living room, a winter garden, a dining room, an office. Its main purpose is to serve as a transitional link between the surrounding nature and the interior of the house. How to place the veranda relative to the house will be discussed in this article.

Veranda location

It is important to choose such an arrangement of the veranda so that a beautiful view opens from it. Do not turn the veranda towards the street or the border with the neighboring site, fences, outbuildings. If the site is small, and it is surrounded by neighbors' houses, then trees can be planted opposite the windows of the veranda so that greenery is visible instead of other people's walls.

When choosing a place for a veranda, it is worth considering the location of the house relative to parts of the world. South and southwest will suit those who love the sun. Here you can put a winter garden. The southeast direction will make it pleasant to be on the veranda in the morning, in the afternoon there will be shade and coolness. With the western placement of the veranda, you can watch sunsets, it will be nice to sit here in the evening, have dinner, and receive guests. North and northwest for a veranda are good if it is used only on hot summer days, or if the house is located in a warm climate zone, plants are unlikely to grow well on this side.

Types of verandas

Verandas should match the overall look of the house. They can have one or more common walls with the house, be connected to other rooms by a passage, but at the same time be a separate room. The width of the veranda should not be less than 1.8 m. The most convenient for receiving guests will be a veranda measuring 4x5 m or 4x6 m. The windows on the veranda are not higher than 40-60 cm from the floor.

In most cases, the entrance to the house can be through the veranda, but it may not have entrance doors from the street, but only a connection to the interior of the house. If, nevertheless, there is a door, then it should be arranged in such a way that there is more space on the veranda for placing furniture. If the size of the veranda is 3x4 m or less, it is better to place the door at the end.

One of the main elements of the veranda is the windows. They can be both deaf and opening, the builders advise them to alternate. These can be stained-glass windows or windows of standard sizes, but closely spaced. The frames of the windows of the veranda are installed between the window sill and the upper trim (the trim - see below).

Veranda in the corner of the house

You can make a small veranda 2x2 m in the very corner of the house with access to the garden, while the integrity of the building does not change. Since the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is very small, such a veranda will be good for one person, a maximum of two. In order for at least 6 people to be seated on a veranda of this type, its area must be at least 8-9 m2.

Veranda attached to the wall of the house

The veranda is attached to the wall of the house, it is narrow and long (for example, 1.7x5 m). The long side is shared with the inner room of the house. On such a veranda, you can place a desk in one corner, a tea table with narrow chairs on the other. Access to the interior is through two doors. The exit to the garden is located in the middle of the veranda, thus dividing the room into two functional areas - a work area with a desk and a guest room with a tea table. Opposite the front door, you can place a small sofa or a clothes hanger and a cabinet for shoes.

Veranda under the balcony

If the house has a balcony on the second floor, then on the first floor under the balcony you can install a veranda. A round veranda with a radius of, for example, 2 m can become both an entrance hall and a guest room. It is better to place the entrance to the house in one of the edges of the wall adjacent to the inner rooms. Access to the garden can be done in the middle.

square veranda

A square veranda, for example, with dimensions of 2.7x2.7 m, located at one of the walls of the house overlooking the garden. The front door to the veranda can be made from one of the sides, and the front door to the house is closer to the first one, so that there is more living space. On such a veranda will fit a round table with chairs. If the size of such a veranda is 5x4 m, then here it is already possible to place not only a guest table with chairs, but also armchairs, a wardrobe.

Veranda with vestibule

Veranda with vestibule. For example, the long part can be 3.7 m, the narrow part - 2.5 m. In the narrow part of the veranda, in the brightest place, you can place a children's corner. Opposite the door, you can place a sofa and a narrow wardrobe.

Large veranda with vestibule

A large veranda with a vestibule adjoining the house with its long side (for example, 3x6m). On such a veranda it is good to receive a large number of guests; several chairs can also be placed here.

Veranda with grill

On the veranda, you can place the grill in the corner from the side of the outer wall. The dimensions of such a veranda can be 3.5x6.5m. Here you can place a dining room or living room.

Veranda adjoining the corner of the house

Veranda adjoining the corner of the house. The entrance door of the veranda divides the room into two zones. It is very convenient to place a table near the door leading to the house. Armchairs can be placed in another part of the veranda.

small veranda

On a small veranda (for example, 2.5x3m), you can save space by placing the front door close to the front door into the house.

The shape of the veranda can be rectangular, triangular (Fig.) Semicircular, etc. More traditional - a rectangular veranda. The traditional version of the form of the veranda is a room that adjoins the house with its wide side.

Option for the location of the triangular veranda in fig:

triangular veranda

Two adjacent walls can be fully glazed and separated by a corner mullion.

Another option - the veranda can be connected to the house with a narrow end and extend into the garden as an independent building. The fewer planes that are combined with the main house, the more independent the extension looks, as in the figure:

Veranda connected to the house by a narrow end

There are many architectural options for creating verandas - it all depends on your imagination and the ability of the designer and builders to bring it to life.

The veranda could be built-in or attached to the house

Built-in veranda

Built-in veranda

In this case, the veranda has a foundation in common with the main house and is actually another room. The design of the built-in veranda is considered even in the process of designing a house. Such a solution will exclude in the future distortions and other phenomena associated with subsidence and frost heaving of soils. If the house is under development, and you would like to make a solid veranda that could be heated and used as a living room, then you should immediately create a project with a common foundation.

Attached veranda

attached veranda

Most often, the veranda is attached to the main, already existing building. In order for the veranda to serve for a long time, many issues need to be taken into account, the main of which is how to avoid distortions and deformation of the extension.

Arrangement of attached verandas

Builders do not recommend rigidly connecting the attached veranda and the house. This means that the foundations of the veranda and the house are carried out separately and do not have common areas. Between the wall of the house and the mating wall of the veranda there should be a gap of 20-40 mm. In the process of sheathing, this gap is closed with a flashing (board). The floor on the attached veranda should be 60-80 mm lower than the floor level in the house, the level difference is covered with a plinth. The roof of the veranda should also only fit the roof of the main house with a gap that is closed with a steel apron. You can read about the design of the seam between the house and the veranda in the topic.

You can read about the main structures of the veranda and the materials for their construction in the article "Veranda in the house. Structures and materials for the veranda in the house."

The terrace, like the patio, is an open structure on a country plot. It is erected somewhat elevated above ground level or at the floor level of the main building and may have side railings. Sometimes the building is built in the form of an extended porch.

The main task of designing an extension is the harmonious arrangement of the terrace in the landscape design of a suburban area. It is preferable that the terrace plan is included in the overall design of the site. In this case, it is built on a single foundation with the main building. During construction, you can use common materials and design solutions. Thanks to the general design of the buildings, the terrace will organically fit into the architectural ensemble.

If it was planned after the construction of the main building, a separate project must be made for the extension.

When designing, one should take into account the climatic features of the area and the state of the soil of the suburban area. Since the structure is planned to be attached to a wooden or brick built house, the condition of its foundation and other structures that will adjoin the terrace is being investigated.

For the construction of an open terrace, registration of permits is not required. Such facilities are considered temporary by law. If a covered terrace is being built with foundation equipment and glazing, it is defined as a veranda. Its construction must be formalized as redevelopment. To obtain permission, the extension project is submitted to the chief architect of the district. Then changes are made to the overall design of the suburban area.

Placement, shape and size of the terrace

The choice of the location of the extension will depend on the convenience of its use, the conformity of the terrace and its protection from atmospheric influences. More often, the terrace is attached to the front side of the house, simultaneously performing the functions of a porch, a vestibule and a place for relaxation and feasting.

If the structure is not tied to the main entrance door, it is equipped from the side of the kitchen or living room, equipping a separate exit from these premises. This will allow you to serve dishes and invite guests to a table set in the fresh air. In another version, it is located around the perimeter of the house with one or more entrances.

It is better to choose a place for a terrace in the shade of trees growing on the site. If the area near the house is not shaded, preference is given to the eastern or northern side of the main building. But such an arrangement is planned if the suburban area belongs to a region with hot summer weather.

The size of the terrace depends on the possibilities of the site and the nature of its use. For free movement along it, the width of the extension must be at least 120 cm. The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe dining area is determined taking into account the number of residents and possible guests. Placing 6 people at a table on the terrace will require about 8 m 2 of equipped area. For additional space for relaxation, the placement of sun loungers or a sofa with free passage is taken into account.

The shape of the terrace is chosen based on the personal preferences of the owners and the free space near the house. An open terrace can have a different configuration - rectangular, rounded or with broken contours. For a closed building, one should take into account the convenience of building a roof over it. For a non-standard form of the structure, modern glass roof elements can be used.

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Terrace materials

The main criterion for choosing a material for the construction of a structure is the harmonious appearance of the terrace in the landscape of the territory and compliance with the main architectural style. But at the same time, there is no need to use the same types of materials as when building a house.

Attaching supporting columns for the roof can be made of brick, and the balustrade and floor can be equipped with wood. If the house is wooden, the terrace elements are made of the same material. As an exception, roofing and enclosing elements using glass look neutral. They are harmonious against the background of wood, brick or stone. Forged fences fit well into the appearance of only a stone or brick house.

The choice of floor covering of the site depends on the degree of its openness. If special requirements are imposed on the floor of the terrace - resistance to large temperature changes, high humidity and loads, porcelain stoneware or ceramic tiles are used as a coating. In the traditional version, preference is given to a wooden floor. For open types of structures, a terrace or deck board can serve as a finishing coating. The massive board can be used only on the covered platforms. The tongue-and-groove connection of the boards prevents the normal runoff of rainwater.

If you plan to build a terrace yourself, you will need a set of the most necessary tools:

• shovels, pit drill, mortar containers - when pouring the foundation;
• circular saw, electric jigsaw and tape measure - for cutting and processing material;
• drill, hammer, screwdriver - to secure it;
• chisel, planer, ax - for fitting wooden elements;
• level, construction cord - for the correct installation of structures.

OVER THE LAST 20-30 YEARS, THE PARSE AS A PHENOMENON BECAME A FASHIONABLE TREND IN COUNTRY LIFE. EVEN IN THE OLD, LONG-OLD APARTMENTS OF 600 PLOT PLOT PEOPLE CARRY OUT A PLACE FOR A SMALL Pavilion or Shed, TO DRINK TEA IN THE FRESH AIR OR MARK A MEETING WITH FRIENDS WITH A BBQ. BUT FASHIONABLE DOES NOT MEAN RATIONAL…

It is impossible not to love the dacha, especially if you love Chekhov. “At the Dacha”, “Dachniks”, “Dacha Pleasure” - you can count almost a dozen stories where the word “dacha” is included in the title, and how many of those where the dacha serves as a scene of action cannot be counted! True, Chekhov's summer residents have never been seen gardening - they fall in love, play music, play forfeits and certainly drink wine and tea. And not just anywhere, but on the terrace. The terrace, according to the classics, is the focus of country life and the main stage of all country events. Dacha Queen!

Over the past century, everything has changed in the saddest way. Firstly, the word "cottage resident" has lost its former lightness - weeding, pruning, loosening and watering have firmly taken the place of flirting and phantoms, and secondly, all the terraces have disappeared somewhere.

For the last 30 years, people have been using shish kebabs and tea from a samovar exclusively in gazebos. They discuss how to build a gazebo, what to plant around and how to properly lay a path to it from the porch of the house.

TERRACE IS:

1. SUMMER OPEN (WITHOUT WALLS) ANNEX TO THE HOUSE. BUILDING. COVERED TERRACE - ROOFED ON PILLARS. GLAZED TERRACE.

2. THE HORIZONTAL LEND OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE (ON SLOPES. RATES) IN A SERIES OF OTHER SIMILAR. AREA. VERANDA. J. SAME. WHAT THE TERRACE IS IN THE 1ST VALUE. THE TERM – TERRACE – IS CHOSEN FOR THE ARTICLE EXCLUSIVELY OUT OF RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN CLASSICS. AT CHEKHOV - ONLY TERRACES.

Explanatory Dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov

The fashion for gazebos has a practical justification.

DIFFICULTY DIFFICULTIES

The gazebo does not depend on the house in any way and is not connected with it, and the terrace assumes close proximity to the main building on the site. The complexities of pairing two buildings on different foundations are frightening. How to build a terrace if the house already exists, but it needs a foundation and such construction will cost a little more than building a light gazebo? Many believe that a gazebo can be put up without a foundation, on stones.

But this is not so: you also need to prepare a base for the gazebo, otherwise it will have to be leveled every spring. In addition, gazebos are usually small, and a good terrace stretches the entire side of the house - which means that the roof for a large terrace will be more expensive than for a small gazebo.

ADVANTAGES OF THE TERRACE

At first glance, a gazebo is simply cheaper than a terrace. Meanwhile, the advantages of the terrace more than compensate for its relative high cost.

Unlike a gazebo, a terrace is part of the house, in fact, another room. Living-dining room in the fresh air - and a stone's throw from the kitchen. Setting the table and, most importantly, clearing the table after long gatherings is much faster and more convenient. You can even put a cupboard on the terrace. In the gazebo, there is usually no space for cabinets and storage places in general. On the way from the kitchen to the gazebo, the food has time to cool down even on a summer evening. And in order to cook comfortably in the gazebo, you need a summer kitchen with a stove and burners, which will require additional space and serious investments.

The terrace lighting uses the electrical wiring already present in the house – minimal modifications are required. To illuminate the gazebo and the path to it, the wires will have to be pulled much further.

TERRACE SIZE MATTERS

The terrace can be made much more spacious than the gazebo. The gazebo is a separate building, you still need to find a suitable place for it. On a small and already developed area, it is very difficult to allocate an area sufficient for a spacious gazebo. For example, the area of ​​a traditional hexagonal gazebo inscribed in a circle of 04 m is 10.34 m2. A circle with a diameter of 4 m is a significant object for a small garden.

A terrace 2.5 m wide, attached to the wall of a house 6 m long, has an area of ​​15 m 2 - 1.5 times more, and the site will visually remain much freer.

And this is not to mention the fact that the economical hexagonal shape of the gazebo is not visually suitable for every home and garden.

CHALLENGE FOR THE LANDSCAPE DESIGNER

The gazebo is more difficult to fit into the landscape. Standing apart from the house, it can look massive, even if there is little space inside. It is necessary to carve out a patch in the middle of the garden, think over and lay paths, beat the gazebo with plantings and create the impression that it stands freely and does not look too large relative to the site (photo 1).

The terrace is visually part of the house, which is already the most massive object on the site. It won't look much bigger once the terrace is added. This means that visually the garden will not seem truncated, the site will still be free.

Finally, a terrace is a great way to decorate the façade. A spacious terrace suits almost any home, making the simplest facade interesting and varied.

As you can see, a terrace is a great solution even for a small area. How to design a terrace correctly?

ORIENTATION OF THE TERRACE ON THE SIDES OF THE HORIZON

It is known that it is better to avoid the north side, and choose the southeast or southwest. But the final decision depends on the particulars. If you dream of such a terrace to have breakfast with your family or meditate in the silence of the early morning, you need an east or southeast side.

If the goal is to hold noisy parties, then the west side is perfect to catch more of the evening sun. It is often not advised to orient the terrace strictly to the south, but in the middle lane this is quite acceptable, especially if the terrace is covered.

ARCHITECTURE

Of course, designing the perfect terrace is easiest with the house. In this case, you can include in the project, for example, a corner terrace with exits from the kitchen and from the living room. It will be perfectly protected from the wind (two walls of the house are involved) and it will be easier to cover it with a roof.

If the terrace is planned to be attached to the finished house, a safe solution is to make it the entire length of the chosen wall. Such a decision will definitely not spoil the facade. If the house has a complex shape, such as a bay window, the terrace can partially repeat its contours - it will look harmonious.

Exit to the terrace - from the kitchen or from the living room. It is better not to combine the entrance to the terrace and the main entrance to the house: dirty shoes in the dining room (and the terrace is primarily a dining room) is clearly superfluous. The terrace can be made closed with removable glazing, but unheated: you get a living-dining room in summer and a vestibule - additional wall insulation in winter (photo 2).

An open terrace on columns and with a light fence looks much more airy and openwork, but from snow it will probably have to be covered with a film for the winter.

WHAT SIZES SHOULD THE TERRACE BE

It is most convenient when the floor of the terrace is flush with the clean floor of the house. So the terrace will be raised above the ground to the height of the plinth. So that rainwater does not stagnate on it, a slope of 2% (2 cm in height per 1 m in length) from the wall of the house is necessary.

FOUNDATION

If you are building a house from scratch, of course, it is best to make a common foundation for the house and terrace. If you decide to attach a terrace to a finished house, you should contact a civil engineer. who will advise how to minimize the mutual displacement of the terrace and the house in heaving soils. And it strongly depends on the design of the existing foundation. If possible, repeat the design of the foundation of the house. If it is difficult, they look for a compromise engineering solution (photo 4).

The terrace is not tied to the house - it is placed close, providing the possibility of different vertical shifts of the buildings, and the joints are closed with flashings. This will mask the difference in height fluctuations due to heaving of soils (Fig. 1).

COATING

It must be non-slip and resistant to precipitation. Popular options are a wooden deck board (larch, teak), additionally treated with oil or deck varnish; composite terrace board (photo 5).

ROOF

Terraces with an open rafter structure look advantageous, especially if the beams are already braided with climbing plants. It looks nice, but is only suitable for snowless regions. Even if the snowdrift on the terrace does not interfere with you, there is a risk of blocking the wall of the house. In the zone of "risk farming" it is better to make the terrace covered.

The roof is shed, with a slight slope, depending on the material chosen. A roof that is flatter than a house will look harmonious if the roofing material is the same.

You can also make a light polycarbonate canopy, but the attractiveness of this option depends heavily on the overall style of the house. If you already have a porch under a polycarbonate canopy - why not.

The terrace is ready. It remains to plant girlish grapes and sweet peas so that the supports are braided - and you can put a samovar.

Royal holiday to you in the country!

COZY TERRACE WITH YOUR HANDS - VIDEO

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