Choosing a pump for a deep well. Choosing a pump for a deep well Deep well pump for a well of 30 meters
In order to have a comfortable water supply system, it is important to equip the water intake with the right pumping equipment. After all, there is a difference, a pump is selected for a well of 15 meters, or water must be raised from a depth of fifty meters.
We will talk about what you need to consider when buying a pump, and the video in this article will introduce you to the equipment used for wells of one size or another.
Selection criteria and pump flow calculation
When choosing pumping equipment, you first need to know exactly how much water your family needs per day. It is necessary to take into account not only the needs of people, but also the cost of maintaining animals and watering plants.
- There is no need to invent anything here, there are standards for all this, which will not be difficult to find on the Internet. It remains only to summarize all the indicators. But one indicator of water consumption is not enough to select a pump.
Here, the depth and diameter of the water intake, the length of the pipeline route are important: both horizontal and vertical sections. The picture above shows a diagram of an autonomous water supply system, indicating the distances that must be taken into account when calculating the length of the pressure pipeline.
Approximate calculation of pump parameters
The main characteristics of the pump are two indicators: performance (Q), which is measured in m3 / h, or l / min, and head (H), measured in meters. The performance (delivery) of the pump is the amount of liquid that can be pumped by the pump in a certain unit of time.
So:
- The pressure characteristic is not a geometric indicator of the height of the lifted water column, but is an indicator of the energy imparted by the pump of the pumped liquid.
- Let's try to solve this problem together. Let's say: you need a pump for a well 30 meters, with a dynamic water level of 12m, which is located 25m from the house. You have calculated that you need 3.5 m3 of water per hour, and the height of the house is 6.5 m. First, determine the minimum pressure characteristic required to supply water to a given building.
- The pump that provides water supply to the house must have a minimum pressure characteristic of 6 meters. We add the height of the building to it, and multiply by 1.15 (water resistance coefficient). Thus: Nmin. \u003d (6.5 + 6) * 1.15 \u003d 14.4 m.
- We got the estimated head, to which we need to add the distance from the water level to the surface of the earth, and the distance to the house. On every 10 meters of a horizontal track, 1 m of pressure is lost, in our case, it is 2.5 m. We add them to the total amount, and we get H \u003d 14.4 + 12 + 25 + 2.5 \u003d 53.9 m. So, we need a pump with a head of 53-54m.
- Performance may be slightly less than calculated, since all the taps in the house never open at the same time. In any case, a hydraulic accumulator must be present in the water supply system (see) - so it will provide the necessary flow.
- One of the models of the Italian manufacturer Speroni SVM-100, presented as an example in the photo above, is ideal for our calculation. It pumps 3m3 per hour, with a head of 53m, and can dive to a depth of 30m. The diameter of this pump is 96 mm, which means that it is designed for wells with a size of at least 100 mm. The price of this model varies between 16,000-16,600 rubles.
The pump passport contains all the technical characteristics, and detailed installation instructions allow without the involvement of specialists. The manufacturer also clearly regulates the operating conditions under which the longest service life of the product is guaranteed. Follow his advice and no problem.
Design features of wells
Conventionally, water wells are divided into three types. The first, and most popular option for autonomous water supply systems is the Abyssinian (tubular) wells.
Their depth usually does not exceed 10 meters. The second type includes sand wells fed from the first or second aquifer - their depth varies from 10 to 35 m.
- Wells fed from the second and further aquifer are licensed. You cannot drill such a water intake manually. This is done by specialists who, at the end of the work, issue a passport for the well to the owner. This document contains all the technical data of the structure that must be considered when buying a pump.
- In this case, it is enough to take a passport and read it carefully. And, by the way, if you have purchased a house with a personal plot on which there is such a well, you need to demand documents for it from the previous owner.
- The well, which is fed from the first aquifer, is not licensed, and if it was drilled privately, the owner may not know the exact data. Then, before buying a pump, you need to measure the depth of the well yourself. This will help a long cord with a heavy weight tied to its end.
- Lower it into the trunk until the load rests against the water intake, and make a mark at the level of the head - this will be the depth of the well. Then pull out the cord, and measure that part of it that got wet. This will give you the height of the water column.
The dry part of the twine will correspond to the distance from ground level to the water surface. Just measure the diameter with a tape measure, if you need to convert it to inches, divide the resulting figure in millimeters by 2.54.
Pumps for lifting water from shallow depths
If the pump for a well of 50 meters should be only submersible, then surface models can also be used for shallow wells. has a maximum diameter of 7 mm - or 2.75 inches.
- No submersible pump fits into such a shaft - their diameters from three inches are just starting. Therefore, water is supplied from Abyssinian wells only.
- They can have a variety of power characteristics, but they have one thing in common: the suction head of surface pumps does not exceed 9 meters. The only exceptions are those models that are equipped with a remote ejector.
- This is the so-called Venturi system. It is a double pipeline (suction and return), with an ejector at the end, which is lowered into the wellbore. It functions in a recirculating way, which provides greater suction power.
A pump of this design will help out when the aquifer lies more than nine meters, and you want, for example, to drill an Abyssinian well in the basement of a house where you cannot equip a full-fledged well.
The ejector pump is the only option that can be installed in any water intake, excluding, of course, an artesian well. Moreover, there are also models that are able to get water from a depth of 45 meters.
To find out how to choose a pump for a well of 30 meters, it is necessary to consider the technical characteristics of existing pumping units. They differ in performance level, motor power, purpose and price. This takes into account the depth of the well.
To put on the surface, you need to focus on the following indicators:
- Well depth. The technical data sheet of the unit indicates the value of this indicator, at which the electric pump can operate. To find out the height of the well, you need a cable or rope.
- Water consumption. Given the type of pump, this indicator can be in the range of 20-200 l / min. The calculation is made taking into account the number of family members, the volume of fluid consumed per day. If there are 4 people in the family, then the power of the unit should be 30-50 l / min. The well will supply water if the pump "Kid" or "Whirlwind" is installed. If a well is needed not only for the house, but also for the garden, a unit of greater productivity will be required. To water the garden, you need a pump with a capacity of 50 l / min.
- well productivity. In order to roughly estimate the volume of liquid that will be produced over a certain period, the time of pumping water from the well is recorded. This takes into account the period of filling a devastated well. The value of the last indicator is divided by the last number. The result obtained is the performance of the hydraulic structure.
In order for the well to work smoothly, the unit is installed taking into account the pressure of the liquid. This indicator is important for the considered water intakes. To determine it, you need to know the level of the depth of the well. 30 is added to this value. The result is increased by 10%. If the well has a depth of 30 m, then the head is calculated as follows: 60 m + 30 + 10% \u003d 66 m. For such a well, it is better to use the Whirlwind model with a head of 70 m.
The pump for a well of 30 meters is selected taking into account the diameter of the wellbore. Based on this indicator, the power of the pumping unit itself is determined. If drilling was carried out by specialists, then this value is indicated in the passport of the structure.
Otherwise, the diameter is measured independently. This value is calculated in inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm). Many pump units are designed for 4" wells. It is necessary to select equipment taking into account the price factor. Some cheap models are not inferior to expensive counterparts.
Approximate calculations
It is recommended to select a unit for a well of thirty meters, taking into account its performance (Q) and pressure (H). Productivity refers to the amount of water that the delivered unit can pump over a certain time period.
Head is the energy supplied by the pump to the pumped water. If the dynamic water level is 12 m, and the well is 25 m from the serviced object, then the water flow per hour will be 3.5 m³.
The pumping unit that provides water to the house must have a minimum head of 6 m. The height of the house is added to this value. The result is multiplied by the water resistance factor (1.15). In this case, the value of the indicator will be 14.4 m.
The calculated head is added to the distance from the water level to the surface of the earth plus the distance to the object. For every 10 m, 1 m of pressure is lost. In this case, 2.5 m. This number is added to the total. The value of H \u003d 14.4 + 12 + 25 + 2.5 \u003d 53.9 m. In this case, a pump with a head of 53 or 54 m is required. To ensure the desired flow rate, an additional hydraulic accumulator is installed.
Types of aggregates
The surface unit Speroni SVM-100 is suitable for the well in question. It pumps 3 m³ per hour, while the head is 53 m. The diameter of the equipment is within 96 mm, so it can be used for wells with a circumference of 100 mm. When buying a pumping unit, it is recommended to find out its technical characteristics.
If the value of the barrel diameter is 100-125 mm, then a submersible pump up to 4 inches can be installed. For a well of the considered depth, centrifugal pump units that have a double check valve can be used.
The pump must have a multi-stage design. The blades mounted on the shaft must have a special shape for a well of 30 m. Given the diameter of the trunk, the Aquarius model is suitable for the well in question. Its power is 2.3 kW, and its productivity is 4 m³ / h.
The pump head must be such that the pressure does not drop at the maximum flow rate. This pressure is 3 atm. and it is set by the pump control relay. For the well in question, the pump "Baby", "Aquarius" or Grundfos is suitable. These units are characterized by a minimum diameter that is capable of providing a head of 75-120 m. Their performance varies between 2-6 m³ / h.
Models of the German manufacturer Grundfos provide pressure from 75-120 m (minimum diameter). The performance of pumping units ranges from 2-6 m³ / h. You can install a Pedrollo submersible pump. It has 2 check valves, protection of the unit from running dry. The motor power is 5.2 kW, and the maximum head is 75 m. The fluid flow exceeds 1.5 m³ / h. The pumps of this manufacturer of the QS4X-12 220 V (ZDS) series provide a water pressure of 75 m. At the same time, the power is 5.2 kW.
It is recommended to buy a pump after technical registration. It specifies the parameters that the equipment must have. The choice of the unit is made taking into account the following data:
- Mains voltage.
- The design of the device is suitable for water intake of the desired depth.
- Fluid pressure generated by the unit.
- The maximum immersion depth of the equipment.
- Permissible dynamic and static water level. If the liquid is not pumped out, it will be at a static level. The dynamic indicator is determined if the required volume of water is consumed from the water intake within 24 hours. The value of this indicator is affected by the debit of the well.
- Characteristics of the filter, taking into account the size and content of impurities in the liquid.
- pump performance. The value of this indicator should not exceed the debit of the hydraulic structure. Otherwise, the pump will quickly pump out water and will work "dry". The electric motor will fail.
When choosing a pumping unit, it should be borne in mind that its pressure must be greater:
- height of exceeding the point of delivery to the object;
- the value of the dynamic indicator;
- overcoming pipe resistance;
- maximum allowable pressure in the system.
The water consumption depends on the intake points connected to the unit. If there is a well of unknown depth on the land plot, it is measured before the purchase of the pumping unit.
For this, a rope with a load at the end is used. Such a device is lowered into the well. Then the distance to the wet mark is measured with a tape measure. The arrangement of a water well with the installation of a pump is the right moment for arranging any summer cottage.
The choice of a pump for a well is a very responsible matter, because it is he who is the most important node of the equipped water supply system. Today, manufacturers offer numerous models of surface and deep well pumps with various technical parameters and prices.
- Surface pumps for wells;
- Downhole pumps for wells:
- centrifugal;
- Vortex;
- Screw;
- Vibrating.
The advantage of the surface pump is more convenient maintenance and repair and lower price. But submersible pumps, unlike surface pumps, can be used at great depths. In addition, water from the well, passing through the working chamber of these devices, cools the engine, protecting it from overheating and premature failure.
According to the control mode, all pumps for wells are divided into manual and automatic. And if the automatic ones are powered by the network, then the manual pumps are non-volatile.
Principle of operation
Surface pump for wells
Surface pumps are suitable only for shallow wells (less than 10 meters). Their body is installed on a special floating platform or directly on the surface. When using a surface pump, it is imperative to ensure that moisture does not get inside the motor, otherwise the device may break. A photo of a surface pump for a well is presented below.
Centrifugal deep well pump
The centrifugal downhole pump, the photo of which is below, is the most popular type of pumping equipment for wells. Inside it is a shaft with a wheel made of two plates interconnected by blades. The wheel rotates, centrifugal force arises, due to which water enters first into the pump, and then into the pipe. Centrifugal pumps are versatile and have the best quality-price ratio. It is advisable to install this equipment in wells, the depth of which exceeds 100 meters.
The best manufacturers offer a wide range of units with different parameters. From the proposed range, you can always choose and buy a suitable pump for the well. The only limitation is that this equipment is sensitive to the presence of solid suspensions in water, so before installing it, you need to take care of filtration plants.
Vortex submersible pump for a well
The vortex deep pump (see photo) is designed to supply water from wells with a depth of 30 meters to 100 meters. Inside the casing is an impeller driven by a motor. At the outlet, increased pressure is created, and water rushes into the outlet pipe. In this case, the pumped liquid should not contain impurities of more than 40 g/l.
Such equipment allows you to create a constant pressure in the water supply system, even if the well has a small flow rate. However, compared to centrifugal models, vortex ones have lower performance.
Screw submersible pump
Screw (screw) pumps have the lowest cost. Inside the unit there is a rotor with an auger located on it. Through the inlets at the bottom of the pump, water enters the pumping chamber, where a rotating auger stimulates its movement further into the outlet pipe. Screw pumps are used to lift water from wells with a depth of no more than 15 meters. A photo of the device is shown below.
Vibratory submersible pump
This type of pump is not the best solution for well construction. First, vibratory pumps will lift sand and other solid particles from the bottom of the well, which can then enter the water. Secondly, vibrations will gradually destroy the well, slowly but surely filling it with sand. The appearance of the vibration pump is shown in the photo.
Hand pump
This well pump works by means of a special lever, which is manually operated. At one time, the device is capable of pumping up to 1.5 liters of liquid. A hand pump is the best option when there is no electricity. Video and photo materials on the operation and installation of a hand pump can be found on the net.
Pump for wells up to 20 meters deep
For wells with a depth of 10 meters or 15 meters, injector surface pumps can be used, which are always more convenient to maintain. However, this type of equipment has a low efficiency, so even for wells up to 20 meters deep, it is better to use submersible models.
To select a pump for a well of 15 meters with suitable characteristics, you need to calculate the height of the water column. To do this, add the depth of the well, which can be measured using a conventional rope with a load, and the required pressure (1 atmosphere is taken equal to 10 meters), and subtract from this sum the distance from the location of the submersible pump to the bottom. You also need to make an allowance for hydraulic losses in the pipeline, which are about 10%.
Example:
- Well depth - 20 meters;
- The distance from the pump to the bottom is 4 meters;
- Required pressure - 2 atmospheres, i.e. 20 meters;
- The length of the pipeline is 40 meters.
In this case, the required pressure is at least 20+20-4+(40*0.1)=40 meters.
We will choose a pump for a well of 20 meters. Among budget models with a head of 50 meters, the best option will be the Russian-Chinese Unipump pumps, the price of which does not exceed 10 thousand rubles. In the middle price category, there are Belarusian Belamos pumps and domestic models of the Vodomet series, the cost of which is in the range of 12-15 thousand rubles. The price is slightly higher (about 20 thousand rubles) for the Aquario units of the joint production of Russia, Italy and China.
The most expensive, but at the same time the most reliable, are Italian, Danish and German-made pumps with a price range of about 28-41 thousand rubles. Photos of pumps can be viewed on the websites of manufacturers.
Pump for wells up to 30 meters deep
Consider how to choose a pump for a well with a depth of 20-30 meters. To do this, by analogy with the previous paragraph, we calculate the magnitude of the pressure.
Example:
- Well depth - 25 meters;
- Pipeline length - 40 meters;
- Required pressure - 3 atm. (30 meters);
- The distance from the submersible pump to the bottom of the well is 5 meters.
Head for our well, 25 meters deep = 25+30-5+(40*0.1)=54 meters.
Which pump to choose for a well 20-30 meters? Based on the value obtained and the required performance, as well as the diameter of the casing, models with suitable parameters are selected. In this, as in the previous case, vibration models can be chosen for pumping water. It is better to take a centrifugal pump for a well of 30 meters.
Pump for wells up to 40 meters deep
With a well depth of more than 30 meters, it is recommended to use centrifugal deep-well pumps. However, when using such equipment, it will be necessary to ensure a low content of solid particles in the water. Permissible concentration is usually indicated in the pump passport.
Example:
- Well depth - 40 meters;
- The required pressure in the plumbing system is 3 atm. (30 meters);
- The length of the pipeline is 50 meters.
The pressure for a given well of 40 meters is: 40 + 30-5 + (50 * 0.1) \u003d 70 meters.
The best pumps for wells with a depth of 40 meters are Danish models of the Grundfos brand, the price of which will be about 41 thousand rubles. Pumps of the Italian brand Lowara and the German TWU have a lower cost - about 28 thousand rubles. Photos of pumps of these brands are on the websites of manufacturers.
Pump for wells up to 50, 80, 100 meters deep
For wells with a depth of 50 meters, 80 meters and 100 meters, deep-well pumps with high power are used or household pumping stations are installed. Just as in the previous cases, the required pressure is calculated.
Example:
- Well depth - 80 meters;
- The distance from the pump to the bottom of the well is 5 meters;
- Required pressure - 2 atm. (20 meters);
- The length of the pipeline is 100 meters.
Pressure \u003d 80 + 20-5 + (100 * 0.1) \u003d 105 meters.
Also, when choosing a pump for such wells, you need to take into account that it will be difficult to lift it for maintenance or repair, so you need to stop at better and more reliable models that can work smoothly for a long time. These can be, for example, pumps of the Grundfos brand (price about 35 thousand rubles) or Pedrollo (with a price of about 25 thousand rubles).
Installation and installation: video
In this section, you can watch a video on installing a pump for a well, as well as read some tips from installers.
- If not a surface pump for a well is selected, but a deep one, then it must be installed with immersion in water, but at the same time be no lower than 1 meter from the bottom. Typically, the immersion depth is from 15 meters to 40 meters. The pump is lowered into the well along with a plastic pipe for lifting water, a safety cable and an electric cable;
- The surface pump is installed either indoors or in the well caisson. A hose is connected to the suction pipe, which is lowered into the well. In cases where the surface pump is equipped with an external ejector, in addition to the suction hose, a pressure hose is lowered into the well. Videos on the installation of such equipment can be found on the network;
- When installing a deep or surface pump, it is recommended to install a check valve with a filter to protect against water hammer;
- Before installation of a deep or surface pump, the well is cleaned and flushed.
Below is a video of the installation of a pump for a well.
Help in choosing
For wells, it is preferable to select not surface, but submersible models. In this case, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- Head. Examples of its calculation are given above;
- The performance of the pump, which depends on the daily need for water. If we talk about average values, then the kitchen faucet has a maximum flow of about 10-12 liters / min, the faucet in the bathroom - about 20-25 liters. On average, to provide water for two bathrooms, a bath and a kitchen, you will need to buy a pump for a well with a capacity of up to 1.5 m³ / h;
- From the flow rate of the well, l/h, measured empirically. This value shows what maximum volume of fluid per hour can be pumped out of the well without lowering its level to a critical level;
- The inner diameter of the casing. The submersible pump must freely enter it;
- The sensitivity of the pump for the well to impurities in the water. These data are indicated in the device passport;
- It is recommended to choose a well pump with built-in protection against overheating and dry running. True, the price of such models is higher.
Popular models and their specifications
Most often, wells up to 40 meters deep (for example, 20 meters or 25 meters) are equipped for private use. Consider the best models suitable for servicing wells up to 40 meters deep.
German multistage submersible pump Wilo TWU 3-0130
This pump (see photo) is one of the best options. The equipment differs in the increased reliability and can serve without failures more than 20 years. Has the tight case made of high-quality stainless steel. The pumps of this series are equipped with a single-phase or three-phase motor, can be operated at a depth of more than 100 meters and are capable of pumping water at a temperature of 3-40°C.
Characteristics:
- Pump diameter - 3 inches;
- Nominal productivity (cubic meter / hour) - 2.6;
- Pressure - more than 80 meters (88);
- Has built-in protection;
- The maximum concentration of solid particles is 40 g/l.
During operation, the pump must be completely immersed in water. Useful photos and videos on the pumps of this manufacturer can be viewed on the official website.
Danish pump Grundfos SQ 1-80
Grundfos pumps, the appearance of which is shown in the photo, are not inferior in reliability to German models.
Characteristics:
- Diameter - 74 mm;
- Productivity (cubic meter / hour) - up to 1.5;
- Pressure - up to 96 meters;
- Power 750 W.
Pumps of this brand are equipped with safety systems that protect equipment from overheating, overloads and dry running. You can buy such a pump at a price of about 30 thousand rubles.
Gilex Water Cannon 60/92
The advantage of this model (see photo) is a low price with good technical performance.
Characteristics:
- Pressure - up to 92 meters;
- Productivity (cubic meter / hour) - up to 3.6;
- Power - 1.1 kW.
All parts of the pump are made of durable wear-resistant materials, which ensures the reliability of this equipment.
Italian Pedrollo 4 block 2/13
The appearance of the pump is shown in the photo. All components of Pedrollo pumps are made of wear-resistant materials, so these models are one of the best solutions for increased loads. At the same time, their price remains quite affordable.
Characteristics:
- Pressure - up to 135 meters;
- Productivity (cubic meter / hour) - up to 9.
Belarusian Belamos TF-100
This pump is characterized by the best price-quality ratio, it is easy to maintain and repair and has decent operating parameters.
Characteristics:
- Productivity (cubic meter/hour) - up to 5;
- Pressure - up to 100 meters.
The units are equipped with an oil engine cooling system, which helps to avoid overheating and failure.
These models are currently in the highest demand among consumers. All of these units are submersible, since surface pumps for wells are rarely used.
Price
Estimated prices for popular models in the central region are shown in the table.
| Pump model, manufacturer | Productivity, m³/hour | Pressure, meters | Price in thousand rubles |
| Unipump ECO Russian-Chinese production, diameter 4 inches | 1,8-4,8 | Up to 52 | Less than 8 |
| Belamos TF with 3" diameter | 1-3,3 | Up to 60 | About 14.5 |
| Wilo, Germany, 3" | 2,6 | Up to 88 | About 40 |
| Italy | Up to 9 | Up to 135 | Around 28 |
| Aquario, Russia-China-Italy, 3 inches | 1,5 | Up to 60 | 21-22,5 |
| Spanish made ESPA Neptun 4" | Up to 4.2 | Up to 60 | Approximately 25 |
| German made TWU 3" | Up to 3.8 | Up to 70 | Around 28 |
| Grundfos, Denmark, 3" diameter | 1,5 | Up to 80 | Over 40 |
| Gardena, Germany, 4" | 1,5 | Up to 60 | Around 31 |
| Lowara, Italy, 4" | 1,4 | Up to 105 | 28-29 |
The well pump is the main component on which the entire operation of the drilled structure depends What options should you pay attention to when choosing a pump for a drilling well? The price of equipment for a well is not low, so it must be selected with special attention. How to choose the right pump for the well, more below.
- Characteristics of surface pumps for water wells
- Types of submersible pumps for wells
- Description of Grundfos centrifugal well pump
- How to choose a well pump: brands
- Which pump to choose for a well of 30 meters and a different depth
- How to choose a pump for a well (video)
The borehole pump is one of the main components of the water supply system. The types of pumps for wells can be very different - surface (top), submersible, vacuum, etc. It is necessary to consider the types of pumps in a little more detail for any consumer, even if he will equip the well with the help of professionals.
It is necessary that the buyer does not blindly trust them, but he himself in general terms understands which of the options are best considered as equipment suitable for the prepared well.
Since the owner of the well will have to spend the money, it is necessary that the finances spent be as efficient as possible. Below is an overview of equipment that has been used for many years and has received positive feedback.
There are several types of well pumps.
In addition, surface equipment:
- Not comfortable;
- Makes a lot of noise;
- Capricious at work.
An external pump for a full and serious water supply to housing is not suitable, and it makes no sense to describe them in detail. Surface pumps for a well have a significant disadvantage, due to which they are not suitable for wells in a large number of cases, because the equipment is located on the surface near drilling, and the water suction height must be at least 8 m when the pump is running (dynamic level), that is, the initial level, not disturbed by pumping or filling, should be even higher. And not every well has such data.
Types of submersible pumps for wells
A submersible well pump can be vibration, vortex, screw (screw), centrifugal. Water vibration pumps (such as "Kid", "Brook") are characterized by a low price, the most economical option. Using the equipment is not difficult, but for supplying the house, it is not suitable for a number of reasons. It is mainly used by gardeners, as a borehole pump for watering plantings.
Vibration, which is based on the functioning of this type of equipment, adversely affects the well itself.
In addition, such moments as the primitive connection of a hose with pumping equipment using a clamp creates serious accidents in the well if a break occurs. Such accidents occur when, during the construction of a house, pumps are used as a temporary supply of water for construction needs. Departure of the drilling crew to eliminate the accident will be expensive. So are the risks justified? There is only one conclusion, it is rational to use a vibration pump only in 2 cases: for pumping water from flooded basements, and when building foundations or digging wells to reduce the level of groundwater, as well as for pumping water from any reservoir.
For housing, it is better to put one of the remaining types of equipment:
- Vortex;
- Screw;
- Centrifugal.
Let's figure out which devices are better to choose, which pump has the highest rating. Vortex equipment has a simple design and is quite cheap. The principle of its operation is as follows: the impeller during rotation creates a "tornado" from the water. The speed and power of fluid movement in a vortex are several times higher than that of centrifugal pumps with impellers of approximately the same size. The design of the impeller of this type of equipment is such that it creates the strongest pressure, because the number of stages of the vortex pump is only 1-2, so the gap between the casing and the impeller is at a minimum.
Using a submersible pump is quite simple
This feature makes such equipment very sensitive to even minor mechanical impurities in the liquid, and where they are not. As a result of clogging, the impeller fails, and in order to make it, it is necessary to dismantle the pump, this causes discomfort and costs for the work of the craftsmen, therefore, in practice, this type of pump is not used.
The screw equipment functions as follows: the screw (screw) rotates in the profile holder. Between the screws and the cage there are special chambers filled with water, they move when the auger rotates along the screw axis and the cage - this is how the water moves. The pump can be made of metal or polymeric materials. Such equipment can be used in industry for pumping chemicals and viscous solutions, as well as in construction for pumping very dirty water (when pumping groundwater and supplying special solutions).
Screw equipment has a rather low efficiency. The use of equipment for pumping water from a well is quite acceptable, but there are downhole devices that are most effective for this purpose - submersible centrifugal pumps. The submersible centrifugal pump for intake wells is better than others for home and garden. Such equipment has the highest performance characteristics. The device has several steps of impellers, which are located on one shaft. During operation, water flows from the outlet of one step to the inlet of another. So, the pressure depends on the number of steps of the device. The main parameters when choosing a pump are the pressure and efficiency of the device. If it’s difficult to choose a “smart” and efficient pump on your own, it’s better to turn to a professional, he will help you choose the right brand of equipment.
Description of Grundfos centrifugal well pump
If you need such a unit that would not create problems for the owner, and it was comfortable to live in the house, then for such purposes you need a Danish GRUNDFOS pump. This pump has received a lot of positive feedback. First of all, you need to divide into 2 categories of consumers: those who will use the equipment all year round and those who will simply water the garden in the summer.
Unit needed first:
- Lasting;
- durable;
- Reliable.
Grundfos has a number of protective devices, as well as a check valve, which is needed for water supply systems. Due to the fact that the diameter of the device is small, it can be used in wells of small diameter.
Grundfos centrifugal pump received maximum positive feedback
But, despite all the advantages, experts say that the check valve does not work so well on the pump, so they recommend that, in order not to carry out unnecessary work as a result, immediately install another check valve, despite the fact that the price of the equipment will become higher.
As practice has shown, this will still have to be done, but it will be necessary to dismantle the equipment, which will cost much more. And one more relative minus is the high price of equipment, therefore, when choosing a pump to pump water, you need to calculate the costs, weigh the pros and cons.
How to choose a well pump: brands
Now you should consider what equipment is better to purchase, from which manufacturers, what you should look at, based on the experience of specialists. Today on the market you can see many models from various manufacturers and it's great.
It is important to understand that many popular brands are imported from China, but you need to protect yourself from products and components made in a handicraft way.
There is always a choice - pumps are economical, unknown brands, assembled in China, and there are also well-known and expensive models. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of criteria and brands, otherwise the budget and water supply on the site will suffer.
The pump for the well must be of high quality
Products from China can be:
- Poor quality;
- Fragile;
- unreliable;
- short-lived.
If a person does not want to conduct experiments and check the rating of unknown devices on himself, then it is better to pay attention to the Grundfos, Speroni, Speroni SPS submersible pumps. Of the budget options, the Aquarius, Vodomet and AQUARIO pumps have proven themselves well.
Which pump to choose for a well of 30 meters and a different depth
What equipment is suitable for a 30 m well? It is difficult to pump water from such a depth, which requires the installation of at least 2 check valves. For pumping fluid from a serious depth, the equipment is mounted directly into the drilled well. Deep well pumps are small, but sufficient. For a well, a centrifugal type submersible pump is suitable. It is good to buy a deep pump.
For a well, it is best to choose a centrifugal type submersible pump
If a pumping station is used, it must include:
- A hydraulic vessel that works under pressure;
- Self-priming pump;
- original relay.
For a well of 30 m, it is necessary to calculate in advance the power of the device needed to supply fluid from a given depth. To do this, you need to take the depth of the well in meters, add 30 to it. This will be the height of the water column. A margin of 10% must be added to the resulting figure. For a well of 20 m, it is necessary to choose submersible equipment, preferably a centrifugal type.
How to choose a pump for a well (video)
One way or another, the installation of pumping equipment is a responsible matter, and it is necessary to choose with particular scrupulousness. If in doubt, it would be right to turn to professionals in this field. A specialist will help you make a choice, and the equipment will work for many years.
Almost all units of this type can be divided into two main groups used for dirty or clean water, although there are many more subspecies. So, in order to understand how, for example, a pump for a well of 10 meters differs from a device that is used for a well of the same depth, we will pay attention to the classification by purpose. We will talk about all this, as well as editing, below, and in addition, we will watch the thematic video in this article as additional material.
About submersible pumps
Purpose
- The implementation of water intake from water sources of this type can be carried out both by a surface (hydrophore) and a submersible unit for pumping water. But the pump for a well of 15 meters will already be of a submersible type, since hydrophores are only effective up to 9 meters in depth (meaning the level of water rise). Such devices have an elongated cylindrical shape with a small cross section to make it more convenient to place them in the production pipe, and have a cable attached to the body for fixing on the surface.
- Such units, as a rule, are centrifugal and are designed exclusively for clean water (without large impurities such as sand or silt). This pump for a well of 80 meters or even 200-250m can perfectly meet the needs of not only domestic, but also industrial. In order to avoid interruptions in water supply, the power of the unit is selected according to the amount of water consumed, and you can see such calculations for the house in the table below.
Water consumption per hour by different bathrooms
- Outwardly, a vortex pump for a well of 40 meters or more is very similar in appearance to a centrifugal unit, only the water supply here is carried out in a slightly different way. Such devices are used when it is necessary to create a strong pressure with a small volume of water, for example, for washing any items, since they are 3-7 times more powerful. The main disadvantage of such an acquisition is that if even a small amount of abrasive substances, such as sand, gets in, the pump quickly fails.
- Such units are very well used in situations where water intake is carried out with abrasive substances, for example, when cleaning wells. But this is not at all necessary, because the final purification of water can also be done at the top, therefore, such devices are quite suitable for supplying food. For example, Chinese auger
Sprut 4S QGD 1.2-50-0.37 is made of stainless steel, it pumps to a height of up to 93m in a volume of 33l / min, and its price is only 100 USD.
- Unlike wells, submersible pumps of the “Kid” type can be used for water intake from wells, which have a vibration pumping system, which means that they do not need maintenance so much, which increases their operational life. But such devices are used at a small distance of the water mirror from the soil surface, but they must be sunk to a depth of at least a meter - this allows you to protect yourself from level drops inherent in wells.
- Drainage units are used to pump out dirty water from various tanks, wells, reservoirs and the like, which pass abrasive substances and other debris through themselves without any problems. In accordance with the purpose, the device is selected according to the device of the impeller. So, a multi-channel wheel is used for pumping liquid with abrasive substances, silt or small debris, a single-channel wheel is used for larger solid elements, including feces and an open wheel is used for pumping liquid with garbage from 30 to 70 mm, such as household waste, fallen leaves, etc. garbage.
Note. Among the drainage units, there are special pumps designed for pumping out feces. The difference is that there is a special shredder that can process not only long-staple waste, but also household waste such as gloves, towels, and so on.
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Installation work
So, we will assume that you have decided on the power of the deep pump, that is, you have chosen one that will ensure uninterrupted water intake, taking into account the static and dynamic level (debit) of the well. Now you need to resolve the issue with the outlet line; it can be made in the form of a caisson (pit at the production pipe) or an adapter.
You also need to immediately determine the location of the reserve tank, sensors and automation - they can be either in the house or some of the outbuildings, where they can be located both on the surface and in a specially equipped pit.
Most developers, when designing a house, plan a place for a well right on the territory of the building, which is quite convenient for further installation and operation of the water supply system. However, the principle of installing a water intake system remains the same, and the same rules are followed everywhere.
Now let's deal with the depth of immersion, but for this you should already know what the dynamic level of the column in the production pipe is - such indicators are usually issued by drillers, or you calculate them yourself. So, the pump housing, or rather, its upper part, should hide to a meter depth, especially for sand wells, where the level may depend on seasonal precipitation (30-40 cm is enough for an “artesian”, since a constant level is maintained there).
Regardless of the depth of the well, the electrical cable to connect the pump will still be short, so it will have to be spliced. To do this, a special terminal box for 4 inputs and outputs is often provided on the head, as in the photo above, so that both a three-phase and a single-phase motor can be connected here.
Nevertheless, in most cases, craftsmen prefer a twisted connection, when a heat-shrink sleeve is put on each of the cores, as well as on the cable as a whole, which completely blocks moisture from entering the copper, which means it eliminates oxidation.
From the deep pump to the distribution unit, a polyethylene hose with a diameter of 32 mm is clearly used, and the rest of the wiring is made of soldered polypropylene, but in some cases a metal-plastic is used.
The reserve water tank can be of different sizes, but it should be borne in mind that by increasing the capacity of the tank, you reduce the number of starts and stops of the engine, which significantly extends its service life. For domestic use, you will not need a capacity of more than 100 liters.
Note. To further reduce the number of starts and stops, you can adjust the time relay with your own hands. So, the factory settings are designed to stop the pump when the pressure builds up to 3 atmospheres, and it starts when the pressure drops to 2 atmospheres. But you can close this gap by setting 5 and 1.5 atmospheres respectively.
Conclusion
In any case, each submersible pump has an instruction from the manufacturer for its installation and operation, which must be followed. But it should also be taken into account that downhole filters and maintenance of the source, which must be cleaned at least once every 3-5 years, play an important role in the quality operation of the unit. You will already choose the cleaning method yourself, but it will depend on the size and design of the well.
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