Annual sunflower: cultivation features, description and species.
Sunflower is a type of herbaceous plant. Annual plant.
The stem grows to a height of 3 m, straight, covered with stiff hairs.
Leaves heart-shaped, dark green up to 40 cm long, covered with stiff, short, pubescent hairs.
Flowers of large diameters 30-50 cm, turning to the sun during the day (only in young plants).
It is believed that this comes from Scandinavia or Russia. This species originated from the spontaneous crossing of cabbage leaves with turnips. It is a large oval root with a yellow or white shade, which tastes like a cross between leafy cabbage with a turnip or kohlrabi with a touch of freshness and a touch of sweetness to taste. In ancient times, the Swede was considered a medicinal plant, and therefore sick people bathed in vegetables. In the Middle Ages, it appeared on vegetable markets, but was less appreciated than turnips, which was considered more tasty.
It was written by a Swedish botanist in his work entitled. From memory and, above all, the taste buds of the Poles, today slowly returns to grace. It turns out that it can be successfully marinated, made from its chops or curries. “It works great in desserts in combination with pear, apple, cinnamon, as well as in salads or soups,” says Lukasik.
Petals are reed, orange-yellow, 4-7 cm long; internal - brown-yellow color, tubular, numerous - from 500 to 3000 pieces.
Inside the flower there are 4 stamens with fused anthers. They form one flower on one stem, but are found with additional, small branches.
Sunflower blooms in August for 30 days.
Pasternak is often confused with parsley. The saying “poppy with parsnip poppy” may soon completely change its meaning, because the term meaning something may be synonymous with a trendy and tasty dish. The roots of parsnip resemble more popular parsley.
Pasternak is from Eastern Europe. In ancient Greece and Rome, appetite stimulation was used at the beginning of a meal. Today it is hard to believe, but then it was made from wine and soup, called "medical nutrition." Vodka parsley and various types of juices and syrups were also produced. He was widely regarded as a drug for everything.
Fruits - achene, slightly compressed, slightly cutted 8–15 mm long and 4–8 mm wide. May be white, gray, black or striped, with leathery pericarp.
The homeland of sunflower is North America. Archaeologists confirm the fact that the Indians more than 2,000 years ago cultivated this plant. In Europe, this plant appeared at the beginning of the XVI century, when the Spaniards brought a sunflower and began to grow it in botanical gardens.
Because it resembles parsley, it was often sold instead of parsley. The fact that some vegetable traders are trying to fool their customers today simply sells it instead of parsnips. But the one who tries the parsnip at once, recognizes the difference, because it is much more expressive, - says Lukasik, and recognizes that this is his favorite. “Pasternak is a legume vegetable, it has more sugar than parsley, so when we fry it, we cook it, pull it out and caramelize it,” she says.
Kale is gaining popularity. Vegetable, which celebrates the greatest triumphs, is cabbage. “It's amazing how a vegetable, recognized two or three years ago for space, is available today at every neighborhood store, not seasonally, but all year round,” Lukasik laughs. It works well in cocktails, monosodium glutamate and baked with olive oil - a good snack.
In Russia, sunflower began to be grown during the reign of Peter I, who, having seen sunflower in Holland, ordered to send seeds to the Motherland and cultivate this plant.
In leaves and flowers are coumarin glycoside, scopolines, flavonoids, triterpene saponides, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenol carboxylic acids.
It has a thick stem with long wrinkled leaves, which, depending on the variety, can vary from green to purple. Kale reaches a height of 80 cm, and its leaves form a rosette around the stem. It grows on almost every soil, regardless of its quality. He likes cool months and temperatures below zero, so he is best during the first frost.
Jerusalem artichoke has a slightly nutty taste. The Poles are increasingly convinced in the topinambura. This is a North American type of sunflower grown from pre-Columbian times. Very interesting is the name of this vegetable. This word comes from the French Jerusalem artichoke, which, in turn, comes from the Brazilian Indians Tupinamba.
Sunflower - a symbol of unity, justice, prosperity and sunlight. In some countries, even a symbol of peace.
Sunflower harvested special devices - harvesters. It grows in rows, located at a distance of 40-50cm from each other. Cleaning requires care and experience - if you do not get to the row, the stem will just break and the crop will decrease.
At the same time, as well as from America, but to the North, a new, strange vegetable appeared in France, which has nothing in common with South American Indians, but the Europeans, giving it a name, decided to refer to guests from overseas. In Poland, they were called onion sunflower. The first word refers to the above-ground part of the plant, growing at a height of 1 to 2-3 meters, which is indeed a sunflower. The second part means the tuber that is. It can be eaten raw, but, according to experts, it is better converted.
You can make chips, past or cheesecake. Retro vegetables revolutionize not only the tables and daily menus, but also the assortment of bazaars. No respected grower will not be without cabbage. - There are more and more fairs where you can get organic vegetables. Demand for these healthy vegetables, such as cabbage or parsnips, makes them appear and can be slowly found on stalls without difficulty. This also shows that we are returning to the roots, says Targosh.
The main thing in a sunflower is seeds. For their sake they grow this very fertile plant. From one seed grows a whole flower, in which about 3 thousand of the same seeds.
Sunflower seeds are consumed raw, fried, extracted from them oil, which is called "sunflower".
In our time, a very common crop. At this time, many varieties of sunflower have been bred, which differ in the content of oil and the size of the baskets (flowers).
As a result of technological progress in recent decades, adverse changes have occurred in our environment at a scale not mentioned in Earth’s history. Therefore, we have enough food, which in itself is undoubtedly a plus, but - as a result of intensive cultivation of crops, fodder livestock, hormones and antibiotics - and as a result of industrial processing of food products - of poor quality.
At the same time, in order for the body to function properly, it is necessary to provide the necessary nutrients with food, which can be divided into two main groups. Energy ingredients - fats, proteins and digestible sugars, non-energy ingredients - non-digestible sugars, organic mineral salts and vitamins. Bulk food is the excess energy contained in it in relation to non-energy substances. In this situation, in order to supply the body with sufficient vitamins and minerals, we must eat energy substances that exceed the need for energy.
Useful and therapeutic properties of sunflower
From the fruits (seeds) make sunflower oil. Cake goes on feed impurities for livestock and feeding for fishing.
From the edge of the flowers and dry leaves make tincture, which increases appetite. Infusion of marginal reed flowers are used as a febrifuge.
In sunflower seeds, linoleic, oleic and other unsaturated acids, amino acids, as well as vitamin E and magnesium are present. At the same time, the latter is much more than in rye bread.
Otherwise, our body cells tell us about a lack of vitamins and minerals as a certain type of hunger, called cell hunger, a constant feeling of inadequacy even after eating generous but unhealthy foods because of inadequate food.
Most often, the effect of delivering energy substances in excess of the body’s energy needs is to create energy storage or obesity. At the same time, an excess of sugars in the diet causes an excessive load on the pancreas, which leads to adult diabetes. That is why overweight and diabetes usually occur in the same people at the same time.
Sunflower oil is used not only in cooking, but also as a therapeutic agent. Oil is taken internally - as a laxative, and externally, rubbing their sore joints with it. Fresh seeds are taken for bronchitis, malaria and allergies.
Sunflower is the main honey plant, as the bees collect a large amount of honey and pollen from the sunflower. Depending on the agrotechnology of crops and the weather, the average yield is 13-25 kg per hectare, nectar 45-79%. In some areas, 40 - 50 kg per hectare. Honey from a sunflower has a golden color, sometimes with a slight greenish tint.
The organisms of people who are not overweight, protect themselves from excess energy substances without absorbing them. A good lifestyle, adequate to the reality in which we live, is a systematic replenishment of the missing substances in our food. This is not about the so-called natural dietary supplements in the tablets that are produced in factories, so dead. Such a natural food supplement is a fibrous shake.
If after a week at least 7 grains germinate, then the whole batch of grains can be considered suitable for cocktails, if less, then the batch is suitable for removal. The individual ingredients of the cocktail are chosen so that they can complement all substances that are absent in the food of a modern person. Therefore, each of these ingredients must fulfill its particular role.
Dangerous and harmful properties of sunflower
At the first sign of an allergic reaction, discontinue use and consult a doctor immediately.
Sunflower is a tall, one-year, powerful, Asteraceae plant. The taproot of the plant goes 2-4 meters deep into the soil. From the taproot, the side roots extend 1 meter to the sides. The stem of a sunflower is thick and strong, it does not branch and has a loose core. On one sunflower there are 15–35 leaves, rough and pointed at the top. At the top of the stem there is a large basket inflorescence, which is surrounded at the bottom by a wrap of green leaves. Outside the basket are sterile golden flowers.
As the name implies, the main ingredient of the cocktail, which is decisive for its unique properties, is fiber. Although it can not be a dead fiber, it serves only as a filler, because this fiber does not contain any valuable substances for the body, only facilitates defecation, but for health is not enough. That is why such an important ingredient in a fiber shake should be alive and, therefore, actively protected from the seeds contained in the seeds of the plant.
Such live fiber that meets this requirement is pumpkin shells, commonly known as pumpkin seeds. The function of the seed layer is not only its mechanical protection. On the inside of the shell there is a thin film that protects the inside of the precious embryo from germs and worms, which will eat the tasty content of sperm. This role is perfectly contained in this corn - a substance with a strong toxic effect against microbes and worms, but completely harmless to the human body.
In addition to infertile flowers, in the sunflower there are also bisexual flowers of yellow or orange color. The sunflower fruit is a seed, within which there is a nucleus consisting of an embryo, cotyledons (2 pieces) and a peel. Depending on the type of plant, the rind can be of a different color, starting with white and ending with black.
The highest concentration of corn is found in fresh grains, when the shell is still soft and does not protect sperm from intruders. Therefore, fresh pumpkin seeds in folk medicine are used to remove worms from the gastrointestinal tract, such as armed and unarmed tapeworm, duodenal nematodes, human ascaris, pinworms, Giardia.
After drying the husk, the amount of grain in the grain disappears, but increases again during germination, but not as much as in fresh grains. Therefore, to remove the parasitic digestive tract with the use of pumpkin seeds with spikes, increase the number of seeds eaten by 50% and do the treatment for 3 consecutive days.
The flowering of sunflower begins in July and lasts until the end of summer. The fruits of the plant ripen by September. While the sunflower goes through the opening stage, its basket is always on the sunny side, and as soon as the baskets are opened, it no longer turns, but is on the east side.
The homeland of sunflower is Peru and Mexico. And already from these places the plant was brought to Russia. Sunflower grows in countries where the climate is always warm. It grows in fertile soil and in a sunny place.
In addition to corn, pumpkin seeds contain many other beneficial substances for our body. Mineral minerals include phosphorus and other important minerals - iron, selenium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese. In addition, pumpkin seeds contain a significant amount of vitamins, mainly vitamins E and B 1 and B 2. From the point of view of health, the main ingredient in pumpkin seeds is oil containing about 80% of unsaturated fatty acids. Not to mention another ingredient in pumpkin seeds, the value of which for the functioning of the body can not be overestimated, because it is present in every cell of our body and is involved in most metabolic processes.
Cultivation and care of sunflower
For the cultivation of sunflower need to prepare the soil. To do this, you need to do the treatment of the soil to a depth of 25 cm and make mineral and organic fertilizers. Sunflower seeds are sown in spring in rows, seeding them 5 cm deep into the soil. When the seedlings appear, thinning should be done, thus the strongest and strongest plants will remain.
As we can see, pumpkin seeds have unique properties that are extremely beneficial to our health. But does this mean that nature created it for us? Nature created it for the plant, so that the hidden seed could not survive in the seed until spring, with the onset of germs and worms. In the spring, with appropriate humidity and temperature, sprouts of seeds, and then the surface is pulled out and leaves. A plant for self-sufficiency will be ready when the embryo is properly rooted and starts to extract minerals from the soil, and chlorophyll is formed in the leaves, and photosynthesis will begin.
Along with thinning it is necessary to carry out and weeding between the rows. Fertilizer should be applied during thinning. Once again the soil is fertilized at the stage of formation of baskets. To increase the yield of sunflower, at the beginning of flowering plants need to have on the crops of sunflower bees. Sunflower is harvested at the moment when 85% of the baskets are brown.
Until then, the plant is alive and grows due to the substances contained in the sperm. So each seed is equipped with everything - protection from germs and worms, energy and minerals necessary to grow a plant before it becomes independent. Now we see why some plant seeds have such a positive effect on our health. It must be live seeds capable of germination, because only then these mechanisms work efficiently, and after grinding or as a result of exposure to high temperatures, most of the substance is destroyed, and other substances are rapidly oxidized.
Watering the plant 3 times: first, after thinning the sunflower, then watering is carried out during the period of the formation of baskets and the last watering is done at the beginning of flowering of the plant.
Sunflower oil
Sunflower oil has amazing healing properties. It contains a large amount of fat-soluble vitamin E. Sunflower oil is an excellent antioxidant that protects the body from atherosclerosis and other heart diseases. This oil does not allow the body to age, is useful for the liver and. Vitamin E, contained in sunflower oil, has a positive effect on sexual function and endocrine gland function.
Sunflower oil is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. Sunflower oil users feel an improvement in memory. This oil also contains vitamin F, which is important for the function of liver cells, nerve fibers and blood vessels.
But no matter how useful it is, this oil should not be taken in large quantities. Excessive use may cause aggravation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Useful properties of sunflower
Preparations prepared from sunflower stimulate the appetite, reduce body temperature, and have a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the internal organs. Sunflower has expectorant properties. Tincture of leaves and flowers of the plant is used as a remedy for malaria. From sunflower tea is prepared, which has a diuretic, astringent and expectorant action.
The leaves of the plant are crushed and make them poultices with which to heal, wounds, bites of spiders and snakes. The roots of the plant are used in the treatment of rheumatism.
A decoction of the flowers of the plant is used for heart diseases, jaundice, malaria, influenza, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract are treated. Tincture on alcohol is used as an effective tool for neuralgia and signs of fever. A decoction of the leaves and flowers of the sunflower helps with diarrhea.
Fresh plant seeds will help with allergies and. Seeds have an expectorant effect, so they are used for cold and cough. Sunflower ointment is prepared, which helps with bronchitis.
Found a mistake in the text? Select it and a few more words, press Ctrl + Enter
Sunflower application
Sunflower is used in traditional medicine fresh, in the form of decoction, tincture, tincture, tea, ointment. For example, tea from the reed flowers of the plant is used for bronchitis, colitis and asthma. Sunflower tincture reduces body temperature, stimulates appetite. Sunflower oil is used for choleretic action in inflammation of the intestines, and this oil is used for oil-alkaline inhalation in the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx. With the help of oil make wraps used in pneumonia and bronchitis.
Broth sunflower for appetite.To prepare it, you need to take 1 tablespoon of crushed leaves and reed flowers and pour 200 ml of boiling water over it. Now you need to put the composition on fire in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Strain the finished decoction, it is brought to the original volume. Take sredsvto need 2 tablespoons three times a day before meals.
Sunflower tea, lowers the temperature.Take 1 tablespoon of dried flowers of sunflower and pour 250 ml of boiling water over them. Leave for 10 minutes to infuse. Add a little honey and take 200 ml twice a day.
Sunflower tincture for nervous diseases.Prepare this tincture easily. To do this, take 100 grams of reed flowers and pour them with two glasses of vodka. Put the tool in a dark place for 14 days, not forgetting to shake from time to time. Take the tincture of 30 or 40 drops three times a day before meals.
Medicine from sunflower at a cancer of the stomach.To prepare it, take 3 tablespoons of crushed reed flowers of the plant and pour 1 liter of fresh milk. Put the composition in a water bath until such time as the volume does not decrease exactly by half. After treating the finished medicine, it is taken three times a day, 1 tablespoon before meals. After drinking 2 liters of this broth, the treatment is stopped, and after 20 days, the treatment is repeated.
Sunflower infusion. To prepare it, you need to take the core and roots of the plant and mix them in equal quantities. Now take 5 tablespoons of the finished mixture and pour them with a liter of boiling water. We put in a water bath for 2 minutes. Cooked broth should be taken per day, no more than 5 receptions per day. The course of treatment is 1 month. This medicine removes slags from the body. If you need to repeat the course of treatment, you need to take a break for 2 weeks and again be treated with this remedy.
Contraindications to the use of sunflower
There are no contraindications to the use of sunflower, the only thing that should not be forgotten is the correct dosage of the drug.
Related Articles
