What is the name of the heating well. Inspection wells on the water supply
In the general system of underground communications, sewer manholes play one of the key roles. The article reveals the schemes of wells, their structure, types and features of the installation of structures.
The sewer system is a complex engineering organism, consisting of many elements that ensure the smooth operation of the entire network. According to their purpose, observation chambers are divided into:
- To linear.
- For turning.
- And nodal.
Inspection sewer wells are one of the main technical structures, with the help of which industry specialists can perform their functional duties: check the operability of the collector, and, if necessary, clean the pipes.
These facts indicate that the sewer manhole is a control point for the coordinated operation of systems. This fully applies to underground utilities.
Locations by destination
The installation of revision cameras is regulated by construction documents. According to SNiP, viewing points are mounted in places of turns, as well as slopes when changing the linear pipeline. And at the junction of the central line of additional taps.
The withdrawal of sewer systems for residents of the private sector is possible when installing viewing chambers. The diameter of the installed pipe is directly affected by the distance of its laying (linear section).
With a pipeline length of up to 35 meters, elements with a diameter of 150 mm are used. There is an inverse relationship. For example, if the diameter of the pipes included in the common pipeline system is 150 meters, then according to the installation conditions, there should be a manhole after 35 meters. An industrial control system can be fundamentally different from analogues installed in the private sector.
Features of sewerage wells of various types
The structure of the sewer well is a round, rectangular or polygonal shape, consisting of:
- From the base.
- Tray.
- Working chamber.
- And the neck and hatch.
The basis of the technical design includes a tray, which is made of concrete, grade 200, using formwork. Although, this is not the only option. Production is possible from brick, reinforced concrete blocks or rubble stone.
Consider the device
The inspection shaft kit includes a certain set of working elements:
- Reinforcing frame, which can be square or round. A staircase is installed inside the structure.
- The bottom of the structure is a smooth lower floor. It is possible to equip it with profiles for channels.
- Upper floor, where a hole for the hatch is provided.
- Working (protective) hatch. It can be in the form of a circle or a square. A marking is applied to its outer part, indicating the type of well.
The main material of the reinforcing frame is reinforced concrete. The reinforcing frame is mounted using concrete rings. The bottom is a round slab.
The bottom of sewer wells can be filled with concrete mortar, which is supplied at the base of the formwork object.
A hatch is provided in the upper part of the structure.
Thanks to modern technology, sewer wells can be made from other materials. The assembly of the observation structure is possible not only from reinforced concrete.
The main working element and competitor of reinforced concrete products is plastic. Separately, it must be said about the hatches, which are of great importance. They can be:
- Cast iron.
- Steel.
- Polymer.
Naturally, steel hatches are more durable than other elements. If the viewing object is located on a highway or road with heavy traffic, a metal hatch or a cast-iron grate is laid in this place.
Types of sewer manholes
Shafts or chambers that are mounted above a pipeline that drains water are classified according to their internal structure:
- as control;
- filtering;
- front type;
- as storage devices.
Regardless of the type and / or purpose, they are all included in the project (design and estimate documentation) of the object. The drawing of the sewer well is carried out by specialists of the design organization based on the specified technical characteristics.
Appointment of sewer manholes
The nodal type of the inspection shaft is provided at the junction of several pipelines. The connection of the sewer line with the tray is performed by a smooth rounding. Wells designed for inspection on large collectors are called connecting chambers.
The structure in question is mounted on a straight section of the laid working network and acts as a point for inspection and maintenance of the system. The working distance is primarily determined by the diameter of the laid pipe. Based on the indicators:
- up to 155 mm - 3500 mm;
- from 200 mm to 450 mm - 500 m;
- from 500 mm to 600 mm - 750 m;
- from 700 mm to 900 mm - 100 m;
- from 1000 mm to 1400 mm - 150 m;
- from 1500 mm to 2000 mm - 200 m;
- more than 2000 mm - 250000-300 m.
It is allowed to increase the working distance between viewing objects up to 10%, no more. Collectors intended for the transit of water flow, the diameter of which does not exceed 2 thousand millimeters, it is allowed to increase inter / well distances up to 300 meters.
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A rotary well for sewerage is mounted on sections of the pipeline in order to change the direction of the network section. In this case, the angle of rotation must be more than 45 0 (degrees).
To relieve high hydraulic pressure between the outlet pipe and the connected pipe, the working angle must be at least 90 0 (degrees). From 1 to 5 pipes are laid in the turning radius, where the tray has a smooth curvature. Its purpose: cleaning the intake pipes from possible blockages.
Sewer drop well
It can be of five types:
- shaft outlets are carried out up and down;
- in the form of a glass;
- with vertical water damper;
- multistage option;
- with corner overflow channel.
Brick sewer well includes:
- Bottom, with a single-level highway.
- Walls.
- Open tray.
- Cover plate.
- Protective hatch.
- Also, wall brackets.
For work and descent of service personnel, the diameter of the device must be more than 1 meter.
Installation of concrete rings
More details about. 
Initially, a foundation pit is dug according to the conditions of excavation for the pipeline. After completing the excavation work, the bedding is laid, which is formed from crushed stone of a large or medium fraction.
The bedding thickness is about 1500 mm. This element makes it possible to resist subsidence of the entire structure.
After carrying out the above measures, a layer of hydraulic insulation is mounted. It can be a roll or a sheet. The formwork for the tray is superimposed on the insulating layer. It is possible to install a ready-made plate.
The next stage is the transition to the construction of the mine. Wells made of concrete are assembled in a zero pit, where working elements have not yet been installed.
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Rings are laid on cement screeds. Hatches are installed in ready-made holes. After the complete assembly of the structure, the pit is covered with soil.
Requirements for the installation of sewer structures
Installation is carried out in strict accordance with SNiP and is regulated by GOST No. 2080 90, which says that sharp turns of the system gasket should not be allowed. It is necessary to observe the angles of the inlet and outlet pipes.
- Working elements are made of fine-grained concrete in compliance with the recommended standards.
- The tank must be equipped with reinforcing rods in order to evenly distribute the load and consist of reinforcing wire.
- Before installation, it is necessary to prepare a working scheme and carry out preparatory work, which includes clearing the site, removing vegetation, including trees.
Plastic sewer inspection buildings
Plastic products are becoming more and more popular. They are distinguished by ease of assembly and environmentally friendly materials used in the manufacture of structures.
Watch the video
It is important that plastic is a durable working material. The depth of the sewer well made of plastic can be different. Therefore, the selection of the necessary design will not cause problems for the buyer. In addition, the cost of the complex is more attractive compared to the traditional concrete product.
Self-installation of viewing structures
Yes, this option is possible. But, do-it-yourself installation is associated with certain costs and voluminous preparatory work, which can hardly be done on your own. . This may be due to the nature of the structure, the occurrence of groundwater and the structure of the working area.
The principle of work does not differ from laying in an industrial way. There are many instructional videos on the internet. Enough technical literature. Therefore, it makes no sense, in detail, to dwell on this issue.
Finally
Summing up, the following can be noted. There are many designs of different types and purposes. In the issue of installation, the testimony of many services is laid, and the best option is selected.
Initially, paperwork will be performed: a drawing is created and the installation of the structure, which can be made from different materials, is carried out according to it.
Watch the video
Note that in the private sector, ready-made options made of plastic are increasingly being used. Self-installation of structures is allowed, subject to the specifications and SNiP, taking into account existing GOSTs.
The manhole for the water supply is an important part of the system.
They are required for emergency or planned procedures or maintenance of certain parts of the pipeline.
Installation of wells is carried out during the installation of the water supply network.
Species and their role
Reservoirs that are installed on water supply networks are used for events.
Among them, the goals are as follows:
The purpose of wells is very different, but they are all used for activities related to the repair, control and maintenance of water supply networks.
Depending on the purpose, they are divided into groups:
- Inspection.
Necessary for monitoring various nodes and critical zones on the network. - Stations where the equipment is located- engine rooms.
Basically, a heating cable for plumbing is installed (written), various gearboxes, meters, pumps, and more. - Control points, where valves, taps, valves and other parts are located that help control the system.
- Drainage wells.
They are used to collect, absorb and divert water.
An example of such a drainage device is a wet well on a plumbing system.
A drainage manhole (described) is required to drain water during repairs.
The liquid is sent to this well, and then it is pumped out from there using a pump.
How to build with bricks
Manholes can be built from brick, reinforced concrete and plastic.
Depending on the material used, the execution technique will be different.
Now there is a wide range of materials for construction, so different technologies are used.
Hydraulic structures can be built in various ways.
The most popular material for building tanks is brick. It is considered traditional.
Its reliability and quality are beyond doubt, as they have been tested for decades. Brick will make an excellent water well, which will serve for a long time.
When hired services or government agencies build networks of centralized water supply, a different material is used, but when building private departments of the network, private traders usually use bricks.
The places where the hydrotechnical facilities will be located must be planned in advance. Trenches are being developed and pits are being dug in special places to be installed later.
So the following steps are required:
When openings are constructed, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the glasses themselves, and not the pipes. The places where pipes () are inserted into the well must be covered with waterproofing.
This method has certain drawbacks.
- Firstly, the construction itself will be expensive, since a brick costs a lot.
- Secondly x, the whole process is laborious due to the fact that you need to lay each row in the masonry.
- Third, all this is displayed on the terms of construction.
How to make from plastic
The use of plastic is considered a relatively new option, but it has begun to be actively used for equipping wells and other structures in the water supply.
Plastic tanks are becoming very popular now.
They are quickly constructed, have the necessary dimensions.
In addition, special entries are used for polypropylene pipes () and other parts, and these communication points have good waterproofing, are sealed, there are hatches and stairs.
Various materials are used for construction.
It can be polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene, and polypropylene.
Typically, the walls in the housing have rigid ribs, and the structure is reinforced by corrugation.
If the customer has such a desire, the product itself can be insulated or other additional systems can be made.
Installation work is simple. First you need to prepare a pillow of concrete or gravel. Then install the reservoir.
The tank has reinforced walls so that it is filled with ordinary soil or sand. If tanks were used, and their walls are not reinforced with ribs, it is necessary to fill the structure with a mixture of sand and cement.
The advantage of using a plastic construction is that it is quickly mounted. In addition, the installation process is simple.
Another plus is complete sealing. the walls of the structure, so do not be afraid of its long contact with the liquid.
But there is also a disadvantage, which is the high cost of such a system.
By the way, both for plastic and for brick and reinforced concrete tanks, the distance between linear type wells must be taken into account.
The distance depends on the diameter of the pipes ().
- If it is approximately 5 cm, the distance between the structures will be about 35 m.
- If the pipe parameter is 20 cm, the gap between the wells is 50 m.
- For pipes with a diameter of 50 m, the distance is 75 m.
- If the diameter is 70-90cm, the distance will be 100m.
- If the distance is 100-140 cm, the distance is 150 m.
- For pipes with a diameter of 1.5-2 m, the gap between structures is 200 m.
- If the diameter is even larger, the distance between the wells is 300 m.
Important! is very important. Therefore, consider your choice carefully.
How to build reinforced concrete
The most common option for building manholes is reinforced concrete. It is considered the most reliable and durable structure, so that the structure will last a long time.
There are two main methods of applying concrete.
Firstly, you can pour it into a pre-prepared formwork.
This process is time consuming, but it will turn out to be a very strong part, since it will be completely monolithic.
Secondly, construction can be carried out from various reinforced concrete parts.
Then the design is considered as a team.
In this case, ready-made reinforced concrete parts are brought to the installation site - rings in the form of cylinders.
They make a column of them, and then cover it with a concrete lid with a hatch
The construction details are as follows:
- The bottom of the pit needs to be rammed.
Then install a pillow of sand and gravel.
Then a concrete slab is poured.
Its thickness should be 10-15 cm. - Ring on the outside must be treated with a special composition for waterproofing, and mastic.
Depending on the calculations, special holes are cut in the right places where the pipes will be connected.
For this, a crown cutter is used. - The first ring is exposed(strictly, horizontally), and the docking site is covered with a special compound.
Other rings are installed in the same way.
Next, you need to cover with a lid (a simple plumbing scheme in the country house from the well is described in the article). - Seal joints a solution in which glass is added in liquid form.
- Fill the structure and compact.
Conclusion
Inspection well for water supply - an element for the maintenance and control of the engineering network.
Without it, the water supply will be difficult.
If accidents occur or a scheduled inspection is required, it is carried out just in such a place, since tanks are access to important components of the system as a whole.
How to dig trenches for plumbing in a personal plot, see the video.
The sewerage manhole is only one element of the whole sewerage system, but it is of great importance. They serve to ensure the reliable operation of the entire system.
Inspection wells allow you to control the technological process and remove emerging blockages from the system. Today we will look at how to make a manhole.
The video in this article will help you better understand the operation of the entire system and make such a design more correctly, and you can do it completely with your own hands, so the price of work will be much cheaper.
Types of wells
The manhole of the water supply can be of several types, it depends on its function. Here the area where the structure is located will also affect. Let's take a closer look at them by type.
All of them are the same in design, and it does not depend on whether it is a plastic inspection well or brick masonry is being made. After all, the principle of operation does not change from this.
By network configuration
To track wastewater sites, they are installed:
- On straight lines;
- In places where highways turn;
- at nodal intersections.
Here you can make a division by design:
- Linear structures are located at maximum distances that ensure the reliable passage of wastewater, taking into account the cross-sectional areas of pipelines.
- placed above the points of change in the direction of the highways in the places of their turn. For these structures, the shape of the tray is described by a smooth rounded line with minimal curvature radii corresponding to three times the diameter of the pipeline. Over turn is no longer allowed.
- Nodal structures are mounted above the collection points of several lines. Their tray assembly includes no more than one outlet line and three incoming lines.
According to tasks
To ensure the technological process, wells are created according to the function of their application:
- Control allows you to monitor the state of factory, yard or intra-quarter networks at the points of connection to the street sewer. They are mounted from the side of buildings, but outside the "red line". They allow you to connect additional objects.
- Flushing structures allow you to eliminate blockages in places with low flow rates, typical for primary - starting sites.
- Gradient structures are created at the junction of pipelines located at different levels.
- Special designs solve specific problems.
It can also differ in configuration:
- Have enlarged hatch openings;
- To be mounted for collectors of the increased sections;
- Designed to be placed at distances greater than 50 meters.
Design features
The drainage inspection well has its own characteristics.
Mandatory elements:
- Inspection wells of the sewerage snip for drainage have a crushed stone base with a metal bottom plate for the installation of the structure;
- Tray capacity;
- Working volume chamber;
- intermediate neck;
Depending on the operating conditions and the capabilities of the construction organization, either blocks, brickwork, rubble stone or plastic materials are used for manufacturing.
So:
- Cross sections can be created in round, rectangular or polyhedral shapes.
- The tray is installed on the prepared base. It is the basic structural element and is made as a monolithic concrete block using templates and formwork.
For its pouring, cement grade M200 is used. Mandatory grouting of surfaces with ironing or cementing of the upper layer. - Wastewater flows through the tray from built-in pipelines. For linear trays, it is made in a rectilinear form with a vertical surface at the bottom. Its height is designed no less than the diameter of the larger pipe.
- Shelves (berms) are created inside the tray with slopes within 0.02 ÷ 0.03 for the convenience of placing workers when servicing the system.
- A working chamber is created above the tray with a hinged ladder or metal brackets for moving workers. Its height is 1800 mm, and the diameter is selected according to the cross section of the sewer pipelines.
- Above the tray is mounted. Its standard size is 700 mm. It should not complicate the maintenance of highways with cleaning balls, cylinders and other special devices.
- To go to the neck, a conical part is created or a reinforced concrete block is installed, on which a protective hatch is superimposed. It is made light or heavy.
Attention: Hatches should rise above the ground surface. For undeveloped territories, it is raised up to 200 mm and a blind area is created that drains surface water. On roads, a height of 70 mm is allowed.
The sequence of creating a well
Planning:
- According to the configuration of the sewer network, the locations of the structures are determined.
- Depending on the technological tasks, the diameter is selected:
- for viewing structures - ≥ 1 m (there must be space for work);
- for rotary devices - ≥ 40 cm;
- in collector and absorption models ≥ 60 cm.
Pit preparation
Its dimensions depend on the design of the structure:
Attention: The minimum depth of the pit is 3 meters. For collector wells, the depth of the mains and their estimated intensity of filling with sewage are taken into account.
- The size of the formwork affects the transverse dimensions. Therefore, they are less than 1.5 × 1.5 m are not chosen.
- The bottom of the pit is covered first with a layer of coarse sand, and then rubble. All this is carefully rammed.
| Formwork manufacturing | Formwork is created on the prepared base. It must withstand the load of walls with a thickness of 10 cm or more. For fastening in the ground, reinforcing bars are driven into the corners. A chain-link mesh is laid inside the layer: strength increases. |
| Concrete pouring | Done in layers. Be sure to evenly distribute the mass around the entire perimeter with simultaneous piercing of the layer with steel rods to remove air bubbles and compact the concrete. |
| The final stage | After the solution dries, the boards are removed from the structure. Surfaces are processed and leveled. The top cover with a hatch is mounted. The final action is filling the created well with soil, followed by ramming. |
On sale there are plastic manholes. This is a durable construction that will pay for itself, but they can be made from other materials.
It all depends on the type you want. They are in the photo. Of course, it can be done with your own hands, only in this case it is necessary to fully withstand the installation technology. And when there is an instruction, then the work is much easier to do.
A manhole (ks) is a type of special concrete or polymer structures that are necessary for the proper arrangement of the sewer system.
It is used for the construction of similar structures for all types of buildings, including residential premises, as well as industrial complexes. What are the features of such structures, and what varieties of them exist, we will analyze in this material.
1 Technical design features
A manhole is a component of the sewerage system that ensures its regular simple maintenance, repair, and cleaning, depending on what its series will be. By itself, it is a reinforced concrete ring, in which an ordinary pipeline passes into a tray, through which, in fact, there is a drain of storm water. Standard Models 10-6, 10-3, 10-9.
In addition, a manhole with a cover, including for drainage 10-6, 10-3, 10-9, may have such a special element as stairs. It provides easy access to the system for cleaning or various repairs.
Stairs in such a block should be of such a size that the worker can comfortably sit on them, doing the whole range of necessary work with his own hands, whether it be cleaning or repair, or with the help of special devices for this.
The system is covered with cast-iron hatches for manholes, thanks to which the structure is protected from the penetration of dirt and dust into the pipes. Other elements can be used for drainage, for example, drains from a storm system. The rest of the technical features of the system, as well as the dimensions of its individual elements, whether it be a hatch or stairs, depends on the type and purpose of such a structure as a manhole with a cover.
Such structures are made from various materials. Among them, the most polymeric double-walled types for storm systems, metal, as well as reinforced concrete, including for drainage, are requested for KS. Each option has its own advantages and is designed for a specific type of system.
So polymeric cops are used for domestic pipes in an amount of no more than 10 per site, while reinforced concrete cops are taken for large collectors. When properly selected, each provides ideal sewer service and storm water drainage.
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1.1 Manhole types
A technical well for sewage can be represented by various types of systems, respectively, it will have a slightly different device, depending on what requirements wall construction has for them. Among the most popular such designs it should be noted:
- linear - a design, the installation of which is possible only on ordinary linear sections of the sewer. Often it is not covered by hatches, but by storm water inlets. As a rule, these types of construction have standardized dimensions. Usually these are polymer or concrete rings. It is desirable to take polymers of double-walled types, this will simplify their operation and repair;
- turning. The main feature of such a sample: a tray with a smooth curved line device. Placed in places where water pipes change their direction, often it is equipped with storm water inlets. Since the requirements for this are often quite high, it is dressed in concrete rings, as provided for by wall construction;
- node device. It is also called the connection chamber. Several main pipes enter such a well at the same time, which ensures their repair. Has a tray of a special design. Installation is carried out of such equipment on the main branches, where there can also be water pipes of different levels, as well as having any available sizes;
- revision well - a structure, the installation of which is carried out at the places where the local sewage system is connected to the street system. Its main purpose is repair;
See also: features of the repair of wells from concrete rings.
- washing ks. A device that is installed on the starting sections of pipes, double-walled, as a rule. Always with this there are stairs to ensure the normal maintenance of the system, as provided by the general requirements for such structures;
- differential cop - should be placed on such sections of pipes where the levels of the pipes do not match. Purpose - also maintenance and repair. May have storm water inlets, she always has ladders. Its dimensions and height can also be different. The series of such products may be different. Often, a polymer is used to make these;
- the cop model, the neck of which has a larger diameter, and the hatch with it is enlarged, is installed in areas with a collector whose diameter exceeds 60 cm. The height may be different. Inside there are always stairs for repair, but the rings are often double-walled. Usually these are concrete rings. The polymer for these purposes is rarely used.
Despite, however, the variety of samples used in different sections of the sewer. All of them have a similar type of construction and a standard set of guides, which has a tray, stairs, a hatch, where there is also a neck, a working chamber, and also a base. To make their installation or repair, one scheme is used. Also, almost all versions include stairs or special ledges that make it easier to work with the presented samples.
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2 Installing this object with your own hands
Installation of standard 10-6, 10-3, 10-9 with a ladder device, for which concrete or polymer is used, you can carry out on your own site if you can select the necessary objects for the drainage device.
To achieve this goal, you will first need to calculate the number of samples. This is not difficult to do, keep in mind that the distance between the manholes should be at least 50 cm in straight line sections, and you will also need to do the installation of objects with your own hands at the places where the levels of pipes and turns are different.
After you make the markings necessary for this purpose, you will need to purchase the required number of samples, as well as concrete rings, storm water inlets or hatches for them. The installation of each individual object and ring must be carried out according to the following technology:
- We prepare the site with our own hands for the dimensions that polymer or reinforced concrete rings have, as well as the incoming water pipes. We dig a small pit under the well, if rings are provided, we also count on them, we lay out crushed stone and sand at the bottom of it so that over time our drainage vessel does not sag. This is necessary for good drainage.
- We install the structure itself. For a summer residence, as well as a country house, it is easiest to take fashionable ready-made samples that have a cable channel and built-in stairs, polymer or plastic type.
they are easier to install than their concrete counterparts, and you will be able to maintain them more easily. We carry out water or storm pipes to our workpiece, connect them to the necessary holes, thus installing the system with our own hands. All pipe joints, regardless of the size of the elements, must be sealed with bituminous mastic. Only after its application and drying, this stage of work can be considered ready. At the end, we check the stairs, as well as each cable channel, so that later we do not carry out repairs. This is especially important for double-walled structures. - We fall asleep the well itself, before which we check the water pipes again. You need to pay attention here at such a moment: in the mixture that you use to fill the well, storm pipes or other sewer sections, make sure that objects with sharp edges or large fractions do not get there. They can destroy storm systems, and the well itself. For greater strength required by the device, you can use reinforced concrete rings (or their plastic counterpart) that are slightly larger than the well itself. Wall construction has similar rings when installing components such as cable wire.
- At the last stage, you need to install covers or storm water inlets if you have to work with storm sewer elements. The work is done.
You will have to do this work throughout the territory, installing storm water inlets or other types of concrete or polymer manholes on various elements of your system, depending on the purpose of the pipes.
This is true for double-walled structures. With proper installation, you will be able to complete the installation successfully within a few days, while your new sewerage and drainage system will be able to start its efficient and uninterrupted operation on the same day, which will not let you down in any situation.
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According to the purpose, the sewer manhole can be divided into several types. In order to make a choice, it is necessary to understand not only the purpose of the installation, but also to conduct a comparative analysis of the quality.
So, the wells are divided into:
- Linear. They are installed in straight sections of the entire system, the distance of which depends on the size of the pipes.
- Nodal. Mounted at the connection points of several water lines. In large sewers, they are called connecting chambers.
- Swivel. They repeat the shape of the sewer, the rotary sewer well has a small level of curvature equal to three pipe diameters.
- Control. They are located outside the red line of the construction site from the side of the building. Performed to control the street part of the sewer. Also, this type is called a sewer inspection well, since its main task is to check.
- Flushing. In contrast to what a control well is for, its task is different. It is necessary for cleaning sewers in areas where precipitation is possible at low speeds.
- With an enlarged neck and hatch. In this case, the distance between the sewer wells must be at least 50 meters.
Design features of the manhole
Regardless of what type the cable duct well belongs to, its structure is approximately the same. It consists of the following main parts: base, working chamber, tray, hatch and neck.
As a rule, brick, stone and reinforced concrete blocks are used in the construction of manholes. On building diagrams, wells have a round, rectangular or polygonal shape. The base usually consists of a reinforced concrete base, which is placed on gravel. Next, the well passes into a tray, which is made of concrete class M 200, during its installation, formwork templates are used, followed by strengthening with cement or iron. The well passes into the main part, along which sewage waves move.
Depending on the type of well, the tray part can be either straight or curved. Its height is not less than 10 centimeters of the larger pipe. Berms must be mounted on both edges. These are shelves with a slope of 0.02 towards the tray. In another way, it is called a sewer ladder, where workers are placed during maintenance work.
Manhole dimensions
It is extremely important to observe the correct dimensions of the working chamber: at least 180 centimeters in height, the diameter depends on the type of pipe. With a pipe diameter of 60 centimeters, the diameter of the working chamber must be at least 10 centimeters, and with 800 mm in the pipe, the working chamber must be at least 1500 mm in diameter. The mouth of the well usually has a standard size of 70 centimeters. If the pipe has a diameter of 600 millimeters, then the neck must be mounted in such a way that cleaning devices: cylinders and balls pass into it. Necks and chambers are always accompanied by ladders or staples for sewer maintenance.
You can go to the neck of the well through the conical part or reinforced concrete block. At ground level, the structure ends with a light or heavy hatch. The installation of the hatch should take place at a distance of 7 centimeters from the earth's surface, if it is a green zone. In the case of an undeveloped area, at a height of 20 centimeters from ground level. If there is no coating on the well outlet area, then a water outlet must be installed.
Features of mounting the manhole hatch
An element such as a well hatch is an important element of the sewer system, despite its apparent simplicity. Its manufacture is regulated by state standards; it is extremely important to buy a sewer manhole cover of high quality. So, for example, GOST 3634-61 says that the material for the hatch should be cast iron. Manholes made of cast iron consist of a body with one cover, they are designed for necks with a diameter of 70 centimeters. According to GOST, heavy hatches should have a mass of 134 kg, and light ones should not exceed 80. The difference is that light ones are mainly used on sidewalks, where they are subject to less load. In addition to cast iron, various polymeric materials are also used, which are lightweight and environmentally friendly.
This is done in order to resist vandalism, because the price of a sewer hatch for buyers will be zero.
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Manhole device
All structures, regardless of their type and purpose, have a similar structure. The main details are:
- tray;
- neck;
- mine or chamber.
Most often, wells are a round shaft made of various materials. Cameras are mounted if:
- inlet and outlet pipelines differ in diameter;
- the slope of the pipeline changes;
- the flow of water changes direction;
- several pipes are connected into one.
Straight sections are also equipped with chambers, not shafts. Tray - serves to connect pipes, usually made of concrete, the height is equal to the diameter of the pipe. The bottom is poured with concrete, and the neck, as well as the shaft, can be varied. The material for the shaft are concrete rings or polymeric materials with high ring strength, such as Korsis pipes.
Video: Plastic sewer wells
The type of well is determined depending on the presence of the following features:
- the layout of the nozzles for the input of sewer pipes;
- functional purpose;
- pipeline type.
Guided by the first point of classification, they are divided into:
The following table shows the varieties, taking into account the signs from the second paragraph:
| Type of well | Purpose |
| turning | They are equipped in places where the direction of the pipeline changes. The central axes of the nozzles are located at an angle to each other. |
| control | Installed above revisions. It is recommended to place them every 30 - 300 m (depending on the diameter) of the length. |
| filtration | Inside such structures, a differential or mechanical filter is installed, which is responsible for cleaning the incoming effluents from impurities. |
| accumulative | With its help, effluents are partially cleaned, solid particles are separated from the liquid fraction. As silt builds up, cleaning is necessary. |
According to the type of pipeline, wells are classified into:
- sewer - mounted on domestic and main pipelines;
- storm - serve to service both surface lines and drainage pipelines running below the freezing level of the soil.
Differences in the design of wells are minor.
Manhole installation
Firstly, it is necessary to decide on the material from which the well will be made, it can be: concrete rings, brick, polymer structures. Concrete and brick structures are more difficult to install.
For concrete rings, the help of special equipment is required, and for bricks, skills in working with brickwork. There are ready-made plastic containers on sale, which, due to their low weight, are quite easy to install.
Installation steps on the example of concrete rings:
- Preparation and marking of the installation site.
- Earthworks - digging a pit, the width of which should be 0.5 m more than the diameter of the well.
- Cushion device, 15 cm thick, made of crushed stone or gravel.
- Cushion waterproofing with bitumen or roll insulation.
- Installation of formwork or installation of a finished tray.
- Installation of concrete rings on cement mortar.
- Waterproofing of seams and at the joints of pipes and walls of the well.
- Backfill outside with earth.
- Cover and hatch installation.
- A concrete blind area 1–1.5 m wide is poured around the neck.
Requirements for the installation of wells
The main requirements for the installation of sewer wells include:
- installation of trays is carried out on a sand or gravel pillow;
- distance between wells - from 30 meters or more, depending on the diameter of the pipes;
- plastic structures must have stiffeners or a corrugated surface;
- the structure should not be washed away by groundwater;
- Insulation may be required depending on the level of soil freezing.
Video: Installing concrete rings for a sewer well
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Manhole device
Wells of this type are called shafts or chambers located above the drainage pipeline, in the cavity of which the collector or pipe is replaced by an open tray.
Inspection sewer wells are divided according to the following purposes:
- Linear.
- Swivel.
- Nodal.
They also differ in the internal structure of the pipeline and are:
- Control.
- Filtration.
- Variable.
- Cumulative.
Regardless of the type of well, it consists of:
- mines;
- tray;
- necks;
- bottoms;
- hatch.
Typically, the well is made in the form of a shaft, inside which there is a chamber, and the incoming and outgoing pipes are interconnected by a special tray. The bottom of the manhole is usually lined with reinforced concrete slabs laid on a crushed stone drainage pad. The pipeline, approaching the well, passes into the tray, which is the main technological part. The tray is made of monolithic concrete. The overall height of the tray must not be less than the diameter of the larger pipe.
The mouth of the well is standard and is 700 mm.
Wells with a viewing chamber are installed if:
- the diameter or slope of the pipeline changes;
- the direction of the flow changes;
- side branches merge;
- on straight sections with a distance from each other of 35-300 m.
Appointment of manholes
The nodal type of manhole is arranged at the confluence of two or three pipelines. At the same time, it is not allowed to exceed the confluence points and the presence of more than one outlet pipe. The connection of sewer lines to the tray is carried out by a smooth rounding. On large collector devices, manholes are called connection chambers.
The linear type of the well is installed on a straight section of the network and is intended for inspection and maintenance of the sewer. The distance between the viewing chambers depends on the diameter of the pipe:
- up to 155 mm - 35 m;
- from 200 mm to 450 mm - 50 m;
- from 500 mm to 600 mm - 75 m;
- from 700 mm to 900 mm - 100 m;
- from 1000 mm to 1400 mm - 150 m;
- from 1500 mm to 2000 mm - 200 m;
- more than 2000 mm - 250-300 m.
If necessary and with proper justification of the reason, it is allowed to increase the distance between the wells by no more than 10%. On collectors constructed by the method of shield penetration and transit collectors having a diameter of more than 2000 mm, it is possible to increase the distance between wells up to 300 m.
A rotary well is arranged in sections of the pipeline where it is necessary to change the direction of the sewer network, and it is also necessary in places with a rotation angle of more than 45º. To eliminate high hydraulic pressure during pipeline installation, an angle of at least 90º is created between the attached pipe and the outlet pipe, while the turning radius consists of 1-5 pipes. In the manhole, the tray is smoothly curved. A rotary manhole is designed to clear pipes from blockages, since traffic jams very often occur in such places.
Typical design features of manholes
The next type of inspection shafts, which differ from the previous type in their internal structure of the drain, are overflow sewer wells. Designed to increase or decrease the speed of wastewater movement, as well as adjust them in height. They are installed in places where it is not possible to lay with the necessary slope due to the peculiarities of the terrain. For this reason, overflow wells have a wide variety in their design.
This type is set if:
- it is required to reduce the depth of laying the incoming pipeline;
- the flow rate is unpredictable and can change dramatically;
- the pipeline passes through underground structures;
- before being discharged into a reservoir, the well is the last point with a flooded outlet;
- the discrepancy between the levels of the pipes reaches three meters.
A manhole can be omitted if the tubular drop is less than 0.5 meters with a pipeline diameter of less than 600 mm.
The main types of differential manholes:
- A fast current is a small channel with a large level slope.
- Multi-stage drops, where each stage gradually reduces the flow rate.
- The design of the spillway wall.
- Tubular drop with vertical pipe.
- On the spillway of practical profile there is a standard view of the drop, and in its lower part there is a water well.
The filtration well is intended for wastewater treatment. But its construction is possible if a separate building is located on sandy soil or sandy loam. In this case, the passage of groundwater must be at least 1 m from the base of the well. In addition, the water consumption per day should not exceed 50 cm / cu; or provided that no more than 3 people live in the house. The area of a well on sandy soil is about 1 sq.m., and for sandy loam - 1.5 sq.m.
The accumulative type of manhole is currently used as a modern and environmentally friendly modification of the cesspool. Using this device has several advantages:
- the volume of the tank varies from 2-50 thousand liters and allows you to choose for specific needs;
- The container does not pollute the area at all and does not spread an unpleasant odor.
Control wells are installed in places where the yard, intra-quarter or factory network is connected to street sewerage and is located outside the red development strip from the building. The purpose of this construct is to monitor the operation of a network of connected objects.
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Species and their role
Reservoirs that are installed on water supply networks are used for events.
Among them, the goals are as follows:
Depending on the purpose, they are divided into groups:
- Inspection.
Necessary for monitoring various nodes and critical zones on the network. - Stations where the equipment is located- engine rooms.
Basically, a heating cable for plumbing is installed (written here), various gearboxes, meters, pumps, and more. - Control points, where valves, taps, valves and other parts are located that help control the system.
- Drainage wells.
They are used to collect, absorb and divert water.
An example of such a drainage device is a wet well on a plumbing system.
A drainage manhole (described here) is required to drain water during repairs.
The liquid is sent to this well, and then it is pumped out from there using a pump.
How to build with bricks
Manholes can be built from brick, reinforced concrete and plastic.
Depending on the material used, the execution technique will be different.
Now there is a wide range of materials for construction, so different technologies are used.
Hydraulic structures can be built in various ways.
The most popular material for building tanks is brick. It is considered traditional.
Its reliability and quality are beyond doubt, as they have been tested for decades. Brick will make an excellent water well, which will serve for a long time.
When hired services or government agencies build networks of centralized water supply, a different material is used, but when building private departments of the network, private traders usually use bricks.
The places where the hydrotechnical facilities will be located must be planned in advance. Trenches are being developed and pits are being dug in special places to be installed later.
So the following steps are required:
When openings are constructed, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the glasses themselves, and not the pipes. The places where pipes are inserted (how to bend polypropylene at home) into the well must be covered with waterproofing.
This method has certain drawbacks.
- Firstly, the construction itself will be expensive, since a brick costs a lot.
- Secondly x, the whole process is laborious due to the fact that you need to lay each row in the masonry.
- Third, all this is displayed on the terms of construction.
How to make from plastic
The use of plastic is considered a relatively new option, but it has begun to be actively used for equipping wells and other structures in the water supply.
Plastic tanks are becoming very popular now.
They are quickly constructed, have the necessary dimensions.
In addition, special inlets are used for polypropylene pipes (which are better for plumbing) and other parts, and these communication points have good waterproofing, are sealed, there are hatches and stairs.
Various materials are used for construction.
It can be polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene, and polypropylene.
Typically, the walls in the housing have rigid ribs, and the structure is reinforced by corrugation.
If the customer has such a desire, the product itself can be insulated or other additional systems can be made.
Installation work is simple. First you need to prepare a pillow of concrete or gravel. Then install the reservoir.
The tank has reinforced walls so that it is filled with ordinary soil or sand. If tanks were used, and their walls are not reinforced with ribs, it is necessary to fill the structure with a mixture of sand and cement.
The advantage of using a plastic construction is that it is quickly mounted. In addition, the installation process is simple.
Another plus is complete sealing. the walls of the structure, so do not be afraid of its long contact with the liquid.
But there is also a disadvantage, which is the high cost of such a system.
By the way, both for plastic and for brick and reinforced concrete tanks, the distance between linear type wells must be taken into account.
The distance depends on the diameter of the pipes (calculated according to the water flow).
- If it is approximately 5 cm, the distance between the structures will be about 35 m.
- If the pipe parameter is 20 cm, the gap between the wells is 50 m.
- For pipes with a diameter of 50 m, the distance is 75 m.
- If the diameter is 70-90cm, the distance will be 100m.
- If the distance is 100-140 cm, the distance is 150 m.
- For pipes with a diameter of 1.5-2 m, the gap between structures is 200 m.
- If the diameter is even larger, the distance between the wells is 300 m.
Important! The diameter of the pipe for the water supply in a private house is very important. Therefore, consider your choice carefully.
How to build reinforced concrete
The most common option for building manholes is reinforced concrete. It is considered the most reliable and durable structure, so that the structure will last a long time.
There are two main methods of applying concrete.
Firstly, you can pour it into a pre-prepared formwork.
This process is time consuming, but it will turn out to be a very strong part, since it will be completely monolithic.
Secondly, construction can be carried out from various reinforced concrete parts.
Then the design is considered as a team.
In this case, ready-made reinforced concrete parts are brought to the installation site - rings in the form of cylinders.
They make a column of them, and then cover it with a concrete lid with a hatch
The construction details are as follows:
- The bottom of the pit needs to be rammed.
Then install a pillow of sand and gravel.
Then a concrete slab is poured.
Its thickness should be 10-15 cm. - Ring on the outside must be treated with a special composition for waterproofing, and mastic.
Depending on the calculations, special holes are cut in the right places where the pipes will be connected.
For this, a crown cutter is used. - The first ring is exposed(strictly, horizontally), and the docking site is covered with a special compound.
Other rings are installed in the same way.
Next, you need to cover with a lid (a simple plumbing scheme in the country house from the well is described in this article). - Seal joints a solution in which glass is added in liquid form.
- Fill the structure and compact.
Conclusion
Inspection well for water supply - an element for the maintenance and control of the engineering network.
Without it, the water supply will be difficult.
How to dig trenches for plumbing in a personal plot, see the video.
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The purpose of manholes
Reservoirs that are mounted on sewer systems are used to perform some procedures that help determine the composition of the liquid, and for other purposes listed below:
- Control over the area where the pipe structure turns, there is a branch, or an intersection. In any system, there are straight sections, on which wells are equipped at both ends to be able to provide constant access to the pipe if it is necessary to carry out planned cleaning activities. Couplings and flanges are installed in areas with turns and various branches, in which leaks of varying degrees of intensity most often occur;
- Provides access to areas with installed control valves or various locking mechanisms;
- Locations of pumping stations. Often, in areas where branches and intersections are installed, there is reinforcement to be able to adjust the intensity of water flows in the system. To access such fittings, it is necessary to equip a well;
- Locations of pumping stations, installed metering devices, various equipment. It’s just that separate types of mechanisms and devices can be installed on the line; special tanks are equipped for their operation;
- Wells are installed to ensure the planned discharge of wastewater at the water supply site in the event of an emergency;
- In autonomous systems, wells often serve as a source of drinking water or serve as a caisson located above the mouth of a drilled well;
- Tanks for inspection purposes are mounted at the sites of entry into the building or overcoming obstacles that have arisen in the way of the water supply system.
These are the main reasons why wells are equipped.
Types of manholes
According to the specific purpose, the following types of manholes are distinguished:
- Linear. Equipped only on straight sections. The distance between them is determined by the diameter of the pipes;
- Turning. Correspond to the shape of the sewerage, have an insignificant level of curvature of no more than three diameters of the installed pipe;
- nodal. It is installed at the junction of two or more water mains. In large-sized systems, such wells are also called connecting compartments;
- Control wells are installed outside the red line of the construction site from the side of the structure. Such devices are needed to ensure control of the outer part of the sewer system;
- The flushing well facilitates the removal of accumulated sediments.
- A well with a large manhole and a neck. The distance between the wells of one system must correspond to at least 50 meters.
For the manufacture of such wells, different materials can be used.
Design features of manholes
Each manhole is equipped according to the following principle:
- Each inspection outlet must be closed, so there must always be a bottom in the wells;
- The working part is often a ring of large diameter, a rectangle, a square, or a geometric figure formed in a certain way, where, if necessary, an employee will dive;
- A cover made in accordance with GOST 3634-99 must be a hatch made of cast iron or plastic. This is one of the most significant components of the manhole, which ensures the safety of households and prevents contamination from the external environment from entering the system. It is desirable to equip such a device with a locking mechanism;
In some cases, ladders are installed in the wells, allowing free movement inside the well. In some cases, this element is replaced by some kind of shelves.
The principle of functioning of the well is not particularly complicated. The pipe from the main water supply is transferred to an equipped well using a connection with a container. The connection point is properly sealed. Each inspection branch is provided with a tray component, in which scheduled inspection procedures are carried out.
Hatch installation
Despite its simplicity, the well hatch is considered a particularly significant element in the design. The production of such hatches is controlled by the established state standard. The quality of the fitted cover is of the utmost importance. The body of the cast-iron tray consists of only one cover. They are often mounted on necks 700 mm in diameter. The weight of a heavy hatch, in accordance with the state quality standard, must reach at least 134 kg, and lightweight elements - a maximum of 80 kg.
Lightweight covers are mostly installed on sidewalks, where they are subjected to a relatively small load. In addition to cast iron products, in the manufacture of hatches, polymers are used, which are highly environmentally friendly and relatively light in weight. Lids made of polymers contain a special filler, which makes them possible to recycle.
Well dimensions
Compliance with the dimensions of the working chamber is of great importance. The minimum height is 180 cm, and the diameter is determined by the type of pipe. If the pipe thickness is 60 cm, the working chamber will be at least 10 cm in diameter. If the pipe is 800 mm, the minimum size of the working chamber should be 1500 mm. The size of the neck in such wells is often the same and is 70 cm. When the pipe diameter is 600 mm, the neck must be equipped so that various cleaning devices pass through.
Through a special reinforced concrete block, or a conical part, you can approach the neck of the well. At ground level, the well is closed with a hatch. The installation of such a cover must be carried out at a height of 7 cm from the ground when equipping a well in a green zone. When installing this sewage element in any undeveloped area, the hatch is mounted at a distance of 20 cm from the surface.
How to make a manhole out of bricks
Anyone can equip a manhole made of plastic, reinforced concrete rings or lay out ordinary bricks. Depending on the specific material, a specific control technique may be used. Today there is a huge range of building materials, so a variety of technologies can be used. A brick well will last a long time, will perform the functions assigned to it perfectly. The reliability and quality characteristics of such containers have been tested by many years of practice, therefore they cannot raise any doubts.
When equipping centralized heating systems, modern materials are often used, and brick is used for sewerage equipment in private housing construction. Locations for hydraulic structures are always planned in advance. For the subsequent installation of the constituent elements, trenches are dug out, whole pits are equipped.
To do everything right, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:
- To begin with, surface preparation is carried out, a layer of sand and gravel is laid out on the bottom;
- A reinforced concrete base is being poured with or without an additional reinforcing mesh;
- It is necessary to equip the walls of the well. Brickwork is carried out taking into account each inlet and outlet for pipes;
- A concrete cover is installed on the walls, which should be closed with a massive hatch;
- An external waterproofing procedure is being carried out;
- The remaining space in the pit around the well must be covered with sand. When equipping holes, it is imperative to take into account the parameters of the glasses, but not the pipe structures.
At the junction of the pipe with the well, waterproofing is always performed.
A sewer water well is an indispensable element of any sewerage system, both in the city and in a country house. Without it, the normal functioning of the system is impossible, since the drains simply have nowhere to go. In addition, it is used to monitor the condition of the pipes and clean them if necessary.
Types of wells
Despite the fact that the types of sewer wells have approximately the same device, there is a certain classification that distinguishes structures according to their functional purpose, material of manufacture and type of effluent transported through the sewer system.
Storage and filter wells
The accumulative design is used mainly in private homes, to collect all wastewater. Usually it has a large size, depending on the number of people living and the amount of water used.
A storage or cesspool is located at the lowest point of the site, which provides the necessary angle of inclination, due to which the drains independently flow down the sewer pipe. In most cases, reinforced concrete rings or plastic containers are used to make such a design.
The filter well is functionally similar to the accumulative one - it is also designed to collect sewage. The only difference is that the liquid is removed from the storage tank as it is filled, and in the filter tank it seeps into the ground, undergoing a kind of cleaning.
The filtration tank has no bottom, and the filter in such a drainage system is a multilayer structure of several layers of sand and gravel of various sizes, passing through which the waste masses are cleaned.
Basically, for the construction of filtration tanks, brickwork or small concrete rings are used. They must be installed so that the structure is at least 1 meter above the groundwater level.
Manholes
The main purpose of a sewer manhole is to monitor the state of the system and provide convenience in eliminating accidents that occur during operation. The place for placing such tanks is selected according to certain rules where the occurrence of a blockage is most likely:
- in places where, due to an increase or decrease in the diameter of the pipe or a change in the angle of inclination, the flow velocity changes;
- where it is necessary to change the direction of drains;
- when connected to the main sewer side branches;
- in the place where it is necessary to monitor, regardless of the possibility of an accident.
Inspection tanks have a rectilinear arrangement. The distance between them depends on the diameter of the pipeline and ranges from 35 to 300 m. In a private house, the distance to the first well is in the range of 3-12 m from the building.
If the sewer is clogged, there is a possibility of reverse movement of wastewater. To prevent this, it is recommended to install a check valve in the first sight tank, which in this case will block the outlet pipe.
To change the direction of drains, the following viewing types of sewer wells are distinguished:
- turning;
- nodal.
The swivel is constructed at the point where the pipeline turns. According to building regulations, in order to avoid traffic jams, the angle of rotation must not be less than 90 degrees, and the radius of curvature must be at least 1 m.
Installation of a nodal or distribution well is necessary where several branches depart from the main collector. At the same time, the number of pipes in one tank cannot be made more than one main and three outgoing.
Observation structures that do not provide for a change in the direction of the drains are divided into:
- linear - to monitor the condition of the sewer system and clean it in case of clogging;
- control - to control the quality of wastewater treatment at places of discharge into the sewer;
- flushing - are installed at the beginning of the drainage system and serve to flush it.
It often happens that one structure performs several functions at once. Despite so many varieties of viewing tanks, they all have the same device:
- manhole cover;
- inlet;
- reservoir shaft;
- working chamber with a ladder;
- bottom;
- incoming and outgoing pipeline.
Reinforced concrete rings are suitable for the construction of such wells, but recently they have been increasingly replaced by plastic tanks. In private construction, some craftsmen have adapted large-diameter sewer pipes for this purpose, which is very convenient, since the design turns out to be monolithic and does not require sealing of the seams.
Drop wells
Drop structures are mounted to change the flow rate of effluents and regulate their height. Their installation is mainly carried out in places where the features of the relief do not allow laying a drainage pipeline with the desired slope. The design of such structures, in contrast to the viewing, has a diverse device.
Installation of differential tanks is necessary in the following cases:
- if it is necessary to reduce the depth of the main line;
- with a variable speed of movement of effluents;
- at the intersection of the pipeline with an underground structure;
- if there is a large difference between the level of the pipes.
According to the internal structure, overflow structures are divided into several types:
- fast currents - have a pipe section installed with a large slope;
- multistage- serve to change the flow rate;
- tubular with vertical pipe;
- structures equipped with a baffle-drainage wall;
- with practical profile and water outlet at the bottom.
The use of high-speed current is also possible in a private house if the flow rate is insufficient for self-cleaning of the sewer pipe.
There is another type of drop wells, used in sewer systems where the formation and accumulation of explosive substances is possible. The principle of operation of this system is that with the help of a chamber in which fluid accumulates, the level of effluents does not decrease, but rather rises. As a result, a water seal is formed that prevents the spread of fire.
Materials for the manufacture of wells
Depending on the material used, wells are:
- brick;
- concrete;
- polymeric.
Building a brick tank is a rather laborious process, so this material is becoming more and more a thing of the past. Builders and customers prefer materials that allow to build a drainage system as soon as possible.
Traditional concrete sewer wells are still the most common, although they have many disadvantages:
- Reinforced concrete rings have a typical design and in their manufacture the features of the place where the well will be located are not taken into account. This causes a lot of inconvenience, since the holes for the pipes have to be made independently.
- A concrete sewer well is a prefabricated structure that is assembled section by section, which makes it leaky. With poor sealing, groundwater will enter the well, overflowing the sewer system, or vice versa - runoff will enter the soil, thereby poisoning it.
- If a blockage is formed, it can only be removed manually, and this will require at least two people. This is done with a special wire, which is inserted into the pipe and, with the help of translational movements, the resulting plug breaks through.
The only advantage of reinforced concrete wells is their relatively inexpensive cost.
The appearance of polymer products made it possible to apply an individual approach to the design of the sewer system. Polymers have many advantages:
- Sewer wells made of polymers do not require regular maintenance. This made it possible to significantly reduce the diameter of the chamber and its volume, which, in turn, reduced the laboriousness of the well construction process.
- They are light in weight and adapt to each specific case - a corrugated pipe, depending on the required depth of the well, can either be stretched or compressed.
- Excellent waterproofing of the mine, which can only be broken by mechanical damage.
- Long service life of the well.
Installation of a polymer well
Conclusion
Without a sewer system, it is impossible to imagine the life of a modern city, since everything will be mired in sewage. A properly designed system is a guarantee of normal functioning and, accordingly, comfortable living conditions for people.
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