How to grow tomato seedlings in a greenhouse. How to care for tomatoes in a greenhouse

In order for the yield of tomatoes to be very high, you need to organize the right system for caring for them, which involves performing certain actions.

Most importantly, it is correct, which is intended for growing in a greenhouse. There are a very large number of types of tomatoes with a variety of yields.
So:

• As a rule, these varieties are distinguished by the elasticity of the fruit.
• It is also necessary to build a greenhouse that, thanks to the material, could constantly maintain the same temperature regime and have high technical and operational properties.
• Next, you need to grow seedlings, or you can buy it. Who will be more comfortable at this stage. Accordingly, then you need to plant it correctly.
  There is a specific technology for this, which is not always suitable for all varieties.

Advice. growing tomatoes is best in a polycarbonate greenhouse. This material is distinguished by its properties and characteristics. The price for this type is low.

What is included in the care system

In order for, care must be appropriate.
It consists of:

• Creation of an optimal temperature regime.
• The right watering system that would be suitable for a particular variety of tomatoes.
• Top dressing.
• Self-pollination.
• Pruning.

To perform all such actions, there is a special instruction for each of them. Only with strict adherence to a clear sequence can you get a good crop of tomatoes.

Optimal temperature

There are varieties that can freely tolerate not too low temperatures, but there are also heat-loving ones.
Peculiarities:

• Very often, a novice gardener may be faced with the question of why tomatoes rot. Everything is very simple.
  If one mode is needed for growing tomatoes, and the actual temperature inside the structure is several times higher, then the process of tomato rotting will not be uncommon.

Advice. You need to grow tomatoes under a certain temperature regime, which ranges from 23-26 degrees Celsius.

• Only in such conditions that are close to the real summer temperature is it possible to grow this vegetable. How can such conditions be created?
• The design itself plays an important role in creating the optimal temperature regime, the coating of which must not only be durable, but also not let cold air in.

The process of heating the structure itself is carried out in several ways:

• Independent production of a potbelly stove and removal of pipes from it around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse.
• Use of electrical equipment: electric heating cables and electric boilers, etc.

• The use of gas equipment.

But here it is worth considering that the last method of the system can be chosen if there is a centralized gas pipe on the site and it is permissible to make a tie-in to it. It is not recommended to heat a room of this type from gas cylinders, as fuel consumption will be unjustified.

Correct and timely watering

Photo of irrigation organization

Why do tomatoes crack in the greenhouse? In most cases, this can be observed with improper and untimely irrigation of tomatoes.
If there is an excess of moisture, then many varieties are saturated, and stop growing, thereby starting to crack. If it is in insufficient quantity, then deformation of the fetus is also possible.
What is the best irrigation system to choose:

• It all depends on the type of tomato. Some of them are moisture-loving and require almost daily watering, and for some, one irrigation in three days will be enough.

There are several options for watering tomatoes in a greenhouse:

• Do it yourself with a bucket or hose. This process takes quite a lot of time and effort and at the moment is practically not used.
  You can meet a manual irrigation system only with a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure.
• Automatic equipment. There is a very wide variety of irrigation systems that are most commonly used in greenhouses.

Advice. In order to spend less energy on caring for greenhouse plants during their irrigation, it is best to use automatic irrigation, which, thanks to special equipment, can turn on and off on its own.

Eat:

• Subsoil irrigation.
• Sprinkler.
• Drip.

More:

• The subsoil irrigation system is a pipe that runs under the ground and the water from them flows directly to the root system of the tomato.

Advice. It is necessary to use this method of watering very carefully, since due to oversaturation with moisture there is a possibility that the root system will die.

• The sprinkler irrigation system is more modern and is most often used in greenhouses. Along the entire perimeter of the greenhouse, pipes for water supply are installed at a certain height, and all their ends have special nozzles. Water is supplied from above.

Advice. This method of watering is best used for moisture-loving tomato varieties.

• - the most economical way. Water is supplied directly under the stem of seedlings in small doses.

Advice. This method can be suitable for both moisture-loving and ordinary varieties of tomatoes.

The video shows all these irrigation systems for tomato seedlings in a greenhouse.

Top dressing of tomatoes

It is necessary to perform such actions only after the seedlings planted in the greenhouse are accepted. This will be evidenced by additional leaves on the trunk and the rapid growth of the bush.
So:

• As a rule, top dressing (see) is performed only twice. The first time after the seedlings have taken the soil in the greenhouse and the second - as soon as the fruits (strings) begin to appear.
  At one time, any top dressing should take no more than 0.40-0.45 kg per 1 weave of soil.
• Calcium or ammonium nitrate is used as a means, and preferably in powder form - when the fertilization process is carried out after the seedlings have taken the soil. The soil is sprinkled with this powder and watered.
  You can use these products in a liquid state and apply them in the process of watering tomatoes.

Advice. The concentration of any solution for feeding tomatoes should not exceed 0.3%.

• Do not fertilize immediately after the seedlings start. you need to initially do a soil analysis for the presence of nutrients in it. If they are in it in sufficient quantities, then the first feeding can be canceled.

Advice. There are some other methods that involve feeding the root system directly.
But, as practice has shown, it is best to apply fertilizers on top of the soil. In this case, its results can be seen two weeks earlier than the root one.

Self-pollination of tomatoes in a greenhouse

In principle, all varieties of tomato seedlings that are grown in greenhouse conditions are capable of self-pollination. The gardener only needs to plant them correctly inside the greenhouse, so that air masses can carry pollen from bush to bush.
Necessary activities:

• For this purpose, vents are provided in the greenhouse, which serve not only to ventilate the structure, but also for such purposes.
• Self-pollination consists in shaking pollen from flowers on a tomato bush with a soft stick (lightly hitting the bush) or simply shaking the seedlings. After that, the pollen should crumble to the ground.
• There is also a special tool that is sold in the form of a solution. tomato flowers can be dipped into it or simply sprayed.

Advice. Before such work, it is best to consult with a specialist in this field so that your wrong actions do not harm the plant.

Cutting tomatoes in a greenhouse

What is pruning a tomato in a greenhouse? This is putting in order by cutting off excess branches and leaves.
How to do it right?
Everything is pretty simple. Using a pruner, the lowest branches of the tomato bush are selected and cut off.
In some cases, the upper shoots are also cut off. It all depends on the growth of the tomato bush.

Advice. Such actions are very important in the quality care of tomatoes, and especially in the greenhouse. They help the nutrients to be extracted by the fruit of the tomato, and not by the bushes themselves.

Weak branches of seedlings are also subject to pruning.

General recommendations for growing and caring for tomatoes in a greenhouse

How to grow and care for them correctly? These questions are always of interest to beginner gardeners.
In the event that you are not aware of some of the actions for caring for tomatoes, then it is not recommended to perform them without prior consultation with a specialist. Care for tomato bushes can be anything.
The most important thing is high-quality soil in the greenhouse itself. Only thanks to its fertility is it possible to get an excellent tomato crop.
It is necessary to plant seeds for tomato seedlings closer to the beginning of spring, and in the middle of summer, ready-made bushes of small size are planted in the greenhouse soil. There they need to create all the conditions for normal growth.

Due to the fact that the tomato is a light-loving vegetable, it will be quite difficult to get a good harvest without a greenhouse. Moreover, the greenhouse itself must be properly positioned - the chosen place must be well lit, the rays of the sun must enter the structure throughout the daylight hours. Otherwise, you can forget about a full-fledged harvest.

So, today we will tell you how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse, get acquainted with the step-by-step instructions and consider the important points of the process.

The peculiarity of growing this crop in greenhouse conditions is that even when using a conventional film facility, the crop will be almost 2.5 times more than if the vegetables were grown in open soil. And if we add to this earlier fruit ripening (at least 2 weeks) even in an unheated greenhouse, as well as increased resistance to late blight, it becomes obvious why the yield in this case becomes more solid.

Seedlings - how to grow

Perhaps the most important stage of the whole process is the cultivation of seedlings. And it is not surprising, because the yield depends on how developed and strong the seedlings are! Seedlings can be purchased ready-made, but many gardeners prefer to grow them on their own. If you chose the first option, you can skip this step, and if the second, then be patient and follow the instructions below.

Step one. We prepare the seed

The process traditionally begins with seed preparation. If the seeds you bought are brightly colored (coated), then they do not need any additional processing.

If the grains are untreated, then place them in the Fitosporin-M solution (prepare in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions) for 20 minutes, then, without washing, hold in the growth stimulator solution and sow in previously prepared containers with soil.

Step two. Sowing seeds

The period from the beginning of February to the last days of March is the optimal time for sowing seeds. Specific dates depend on which varieties will be grown. If we are talking about early varieties, then they are sown in the last days of March, it is better to sow mid-season varieties in early-mid March, and late ones in February.

1. For sowing, prepare containers 6-7 cm high.

   

2. Prepare a soil mixture consisting of sod, humus and peat (in equal proportions).

   

3. Moisten the mixture, then add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of superphosphate, the same amount of wood ash and 1 liter of river sand (proportions are indicated for 10 kg of soil mixture). If desired, you can use a ready-made mixture that does not need to be additionally fertilized.

   

   

4. Pour the prepared mixture into the container and compact it. Make furrows 1.5 cm deep on the surface, pour with a solution of sodium humate and sow the seeds.

   

5. Sprinkle the seeds on top with a small amount of soil mixture, then transfer the containers to a well-lit place with a temperature of about 22 ° C.

Note! In order for the sprouts to sprout faster, 5 days after sowing, you can cover the containers with film caps.

The first 20 days the foliage will practically not develop, but then its development will noticeably accelerate. After another 35-40 days, the leaves will begin to grow rapidly, so you will have to take a number of measures, thanks to which the sprouts will not stretch too much.

1. Keep the temperature between 15-18°C for the first week.
2. Rotate the seedlings 180° every day, otherwise the seedlings will stretch in one direction.
3. For the whole week, water the plants only twice or thrice, preferably under the root. The first time - when seedlings are formed, the second - after 1.5-2 weeks, and the third - just before the dive. Also note that the water should have a temperature somewhere around 20 ° C.

As for top dressing, it is not required during the cultivation of seedlings.

Tomato seedlings - photo

Step three. We make hardening

In April, start hardening seedlings by opening the windows for a while. On warm days (if it's over 12°C outside), you can take the containers out into the fresh air, occasionally leaving them overnight (previously covered with foil, of course).

Note! The soil during hardening should be wet so that the seedlings do not fade. As a result, developed and hardened seedlings will acquire a blue-violet color.

5 days before planting, it is recommended to treat seedlings with a solution of boric acid (at the rate of 10 g per bucket of water), which is preferable to do in the early morning. So the buds will be preserved on the first brush, and the yield, accordingly, will increase markedly.

Stage two. We transplant seedlings

In the greenhouse where tomatoes will be grown, there must be large vents, both at the ends and in the upper part, since this crop requires thorough ventilation during the growing season. Also, the greenhouse, as noted earlier, should be well lit by the sun throughout the daylight hours.

Step one. Preparing the ground

Make longitudinal beds (their number depends on the dimensions of the entire structure). Break them about a week before the expected date of disembarkation with a width of 60-90 cm and a height of about 40 cm. If we talk about the width of the passage, it is better if it is 60 cm - it will be more convenient.

Step two. We make fertilizers

In the case of clay soil, add wood ash or humus before diving (consumption 10 kg/m²). If the beds are already peat, then cover them with sawdust (the ratio is the same). Also add potassium sulfate and superphosphate (1 and 2 tablespoons, respectively), then dig well. Right before planting, water the beds with a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g / 10 l), its temperature should be approximately 60 ° C. Instead of potassium permanganate, you can use the special tool "Barrier" (250 ml / 10 l of water), pouring 500 ml of the prepared solution into the wells.

A few days before planting seedlings, cut off 3 lower leaves on each plant - this will not only reduce the risk of developing diseases, but also increase ventilation efficiency. In addition, the first flower brush will develop better.

When the height of the plants reaches 25-30 cm, transplant them into the greenhouse.

Step three. We plant seedlings

When transplanting, follow a few simple but extremely important requirements.

Table. Seedling transplant rules

Requirement	Short description	Illustration
	It must be preheated. Cold soil is unacceptable here, because the root system will not grow, but rot, and the survival rate will noticeably worsen. The soil temperature should be between 12°C and 15°C, which can be achieved by covering the beds with dark PET film. Alternatively, you can warm up a large amount of water to pour it into the holes just before transplanting.
	Seedlings should be transplanted to beds in cloudy weather or in the evening. The soil must be moistened and processed as described in the previous step.
	Do not plant seedlings at a great depth (no more than 12 cm), otherwise the part of the stem sprinkled with soil will begin to take on new roots, which will stop plant growth.
	Planting holes are often filled with excessive amounts of manure, urea, or droppings. But because of this, instead of juicy red tomatoes, violent tops can grow.

The specific planting pattern depends on the variety, as well as on the method of formation.

Note! For overgrown seedlings in the hole, make another one corresponding to the height of the pot. Next, place the pot with the overgrown plant in the smaller hole and cover with soil. After 14 days, you can also fill in the first hole, because the seedlings will already take root during this time.

We also note that it is impossible to grow tomatoes with cucumbers in the same greenhouse, since these crops have different requirements for humidity and temperature conditions. In extreme cases, you can block the structure with a film into two parts and grow cucumbers in one and tomatoes in the other.

Step four. We carry out a garter

12 days after transplantation, you can tie to the trellis (the height should be approximately 1.8-2 m). As a rule, the culture grows in one stem, and the number of brushes averages 7-8 pieces. Break off all stepchildren that have grown to 8 cm, leaving only one lower one. Stepchildren, by the way, are easier to break off in the morning.

Features of further care

One of the most important conditions for a good harvest of tomatoes is also proper care, which must be started immediately after planting. Below are the highlights.

Watering

The first few days after transplanting, it is better not to water. Wait 10 days for the plants to take root, and only then start watering. The water you use should be at room temperature. Before the start of the growing season, water once every 4-5 days (approximate consumption - 4-5 l / m²). After the beginning of the flowering phase, increase the consumption to 10-13 l. Water the tomatoes under the root, and preferably in the morning, and not in the evening, when the fruits are covered with drops of liquid due to condensation.

Fertilizer

14 days after planting, fertilize the tomatoes for the first time with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium top dressing (1 tbsp. L / 10 L) or mullein (0.5 L / 10 L). Pour about 1 liter of the finished product under each plant.

After another 10 days, fertilize the crop a second time using Fertility and potassium sulfate (1 tablespoon and 1 teaspoon per 10 liters, respectively). For the entire season, fertilizer should be applied 3 or 4 times.

Tomatoes are not afraid of drafts, therefore, you can carry out ventilation by any available method: open the windows or ends, tuck the film from below, etc. Be sure to ventilate the structure a couple of hours after watering. This moment is especially relevant in the flowering phase (wet pollen will not fall into the pistil, which means pollination will not occur).

Note! On sunny and warm days, gently shake the brushes - this will contribute to artificial pollination.

We are harvesting

If tomatoes were grown in winter, and the first fruits ripened in spring, then harvest every 2-3 days until summer. If this happens from summer to autumn, then harvest the fruits every day.

Do it right:

• pick tomatoes without stalks;
• remove pink or red fruits (the first option is preferable, because the brushes ripen faster after assembly);
• use special boxes for this.

As for the storage of tomatoes, it is advisable to wrap each vegetable in soft paper, and layer the fruits placed in boxes with hay, sawdust or peat.

If you follow all these tips, you can get a really good crop of tomatoes, which in the summer will delight you with delicious salads, and in the winter with jars of pickled fruits.

Video - Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

Loved by everyone, tasty and healthy tomatoes I would like to see on my table every day. But summer in our latitudes does not last as long as we would like, and therefore, in the beds, tomato happiness ends along with the summer heat. You can buy overseas tomatoes - they are on the shelves of supermarkets in the most severe winter frosts. But you can try yourself to get juicy fragrant fruits on your site by building a greenhouse.

In the article:

The undoubted advantages of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse are not only the opportunity to enjoy your tomatoes before the vegetables grown in the open field appear on the markets. The full growing season occurs in isolation from the external environment, and thus the plant will not be damaged by pests and pathogens outside the greenhouse.

In the same way, various climatic factors cannot influence the growth of greenhouse plants:

• temperature;
• humidity and rainfall;
• atmospheric pollution, etc.

In the event of a danger of disease, the owner of the greenhouse can be sure that it will not spread outside the dome, and inside the building itself, procedures are easier and faster to eliminate any diseases, as well as preventive measures.

But at the same time, it should be noted that greenhouse vegetables (including tomatoes) are inferior in taste to relatives grown in an open garden.

If we consider the greenhouse itself as a structure, then most often polycarbonate (a solid transparent substance) or polyethylene (a soft transparent film) is used as a tension material. Their advantages include their tightness (in the case of polycarbonate and strength), the ability to transmit sunlight and protect the intra-greenhouse space from undesirable environmental influences. Polycarbonate greenhouses serve up to 20 years.

The disadvantage of all greenhouses is the flammability of the plastic used to build the structure. Therefore, fire safety must be observed.

An important point is the cost of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. If this is a small greenhouse, electrified and equipped with a ventilation and irrigation system, climate control and other additional facilities, then tomatoes will not be cheap. But the quality will be the highest. You can reduce the cost by expanding the landing area. The larger the greenhouse, the greater the yield and the lower the cost.

When to plant tomatoes for seedlings for a greenhouse

The term for sowing tomato seeds for the subsequent planting of seedlings in a greenhouse depends on the material. If polycarbonate is used in the construction of the dome, seeds should be sown in late February - early March. If the greenhouse is film, the deadline is shifted by 10 days.

When room, home seedlings are one and a half months old, you should expect the appearance of the first flower brushes. Their appearance is a signal that it is impossible to delay the transplant. Delay is not like death, but it will definitely cause a decrease in productivity.

If for some reason the planting of room seedlings in the greenhouse is delayed, then:

1. the total period of stay of the sprout in the room should not exceed 2 months;
2. for each sprout, it is necessary to provide a volume of at least a liter of soil.

Violation of these rules will lead to the fact that it will not be possible to get a full-fledged tomato bush from seedlings, not to mention the harvest. In case of emergency, you can transfer the planting of seedlings to the greenhouse for 7 days, if you get rid of the first flower brush.

A sign of readiness for transplantation and high quality seedlings:

• thick stem;
• developed leaves;
• good root system;
• determined large buds.

The color of good seedlings is bright green, closer to dark.

The main condition for the successful cultivation of healthy seedlings of tomatoes is the maximum approximation to favorable natural conditions. This, by the way, applies not only to seedlings, but also to adult bushes.

The light regime should be natural: during the day - light, at night - darkness. Overexposure or lack of light will affect the photosynthesis process necessary for normal plant growth.

In order to bring the conditions closer to natural, it is necessary to increase the illumination in the daytime, if necessary, and it is necessary to warm the air.

• With the onset of night time, the temperature should be reduced by 5 ° C.
• The recommended temperature regime is from 20 to 25 ° C during the daytime and from 16 to 18 ° C at night (dark).

Do not rely on natural light and greenhouse temperature. Without the regulation of these indicators, seedling growth will be uneven, and grown bushes will not provide good yields.

It must be remembered that in the first three weeks you should not expect rapid growth of planted seedlings. It is at this time that tomatoes need sufficient light. Otherwise, they will look like typical "shadow" plants: pale thin overgrowths reaching for the light.

Tomato seedlings need good watering: tomatoes love moisture. Water should be at room temperature, around 20°C. Basal watering should be carried out, directly above the soil. If even the smallest water particles fall on the leaves, especially in the recesses near the stem, there is a high probability of rotting and loss of leaves. Too high air humidity under the greenhouse dome is also not needed: 60% is enough, maximum 70%.

Planting seedlings grown indoors in a greenhouse is a very important point. A plant, even the healthiest, still tolerates this process as stress. Therefore, it is necessary to create all conditions so that the seating arrangement is adopted in a new place and does not stress.

When to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse, timing

The main factor determining the start time of planting seedlings is its heat supply. It is possible to equip a greenhouse in order to be able to maintain the desired temperature without much hassle, but all this will increase the cost of the resulting products.

If the heating system or the surrounding temperature environment allows maintaining the indoor temperature of at least 15 ° C, seedlings can be planted all year round. In the absence of heating, plants can be planted in the first decade of May, but not in the early days.

In order for the seedlings to grow, it takes 50-60 days. The germination period also depends on the variety of the tomato. If the variety is short, two months will be enough for it, and tall varieties will need an additional week and a half.

Experienced "tomato growers" who have been growing tomatoes in their own greenhouses for several years have already developed their own schemes for themselves. But it will be useful for beginner gardeners to find out what determines the distance in greenhouse beds between tomato plants, and what the seating pattern depends on. This knowledge will make it possible to use every centimeter of greenhouse soil with maximum efficiency.

By the way, about the soil: it needs to be prepared, processed and warmed up.

Of great importance is the determinance or indeterminacy of the selected variety. We immediately warn you: indeterminate varieties are suitable for greenhouse cultivation in all regions, and it is better not to plant determinant varieties in the northern regions, since there will be a lot of trouble, and the return will not correspond to them.

Determinate Tomatoes- these are those that stop growing after a maximum of 5 brushes are tied. In indeterminate varieties, the stem grows indefinitely, and one bush can produce up to 50 brushes under favorable conditions and proper care.

Determinate tomatoes are planted in a checkerboard pattern, the distance between each plant is 70 cm, between rows - 80 cm. 50 inter-row centimeters are enough for terminant varieties, and the step distance between seedlings is not more than 30 cm.

If you took seedlings of early or undersized tomatoes, you need to plant them in two rows in a checkerboard pattern, the distance is 40 cm. The reason is that such varieties form two or even three stems.

It is necessary to take into account the shape of the dome of the greenhouse. For the "house" it is better to use combined landing methods.

How many pieces in the greenhouse

Most greenhouse gardeners plant 2 bushes per square meter. The standard layout in a six-meter greenhouse is four rows with a passage in the middle. Determinate varieties are best planted in the rows farthest from the aisle, interderminants - closer to the aisle. On 6 m 2, 48 plants can be placed in this way.

It is necessary to care for tomatoes under a tent, based on the variety, the condition of the plants, as well as the constitutional features of each sprout.

Watering

You need to water the bushes every five days, otherwise the fruits will become watery and acquire a sour taste. Seedlings generally do not need to be watered for 7-9 days after transplantation, so that the root system “fluffs up” well in the new soil.

An important point: before transplanting, you need to carefully consider watering to avoid soil sticking to the roots. Heavy wet earth, sticking, can cut off thin roots, which will worsen the well-being of seedlings after transplanting into a greenhouse.

Water should be at room temperature.

Garter

Greenhouses prefer tall tomato varieties, as they occupy the same area as undersized ones, and bear fruit much more abundantly.

When starting to tie, it should be remembered that:

• you need to tie a tomato as it grows;
• not only the stem, but also the branches need support;
• do not tightly tie fasteners;
• Not every fastener is suitable for this.

Let's start with the last one. It is strictly forbidden to use very thin and sufficiently strong materials for garters, such as fishing line, thick thread, wire. A growing tomato will lay down on them with all its weight, and then the tissues of the plant will be damaged or even cut off. For the same reason, you should not knit the fasteners too tight: the tomato will grow, and the fasteners will dig into the stem.

During the tying procedure, soft ropes, fabric strips and plastic loops are used. The type of fastener depends on the type and type of support.

The timing of tying is determined by other procedures and processes that occur with the plant. So, pinching is a procedure immediately preceding the garter. You also need to hurry with tying up if there are ovaries on the bush.

The following fastening methods are used:

• to an individual support;
• tapestry;
• vertical trellis;
• linear;
• frame (using wire).

Fabric fixer is very popular, as it can be used with old clothes, both synthetic and natural cotton. Cotton garters are thrown away after use, and synthetics (cut stockings, tights, stockings, etc.) are removed from the frame, washed and reused. When trellis growing, you can attach the stem of the plant with adhesive tape.

Both metal and plastic pipes and wooden sticks can be used as a support material. The frame is also stretched over them.

In industrial greenhouses, instead of single supports, a metal mesh is often used, to the cells of which a growing tomato bush is tied during its entire growth.

Formation

The formation of a greenhouse tomato plant consists in topping and pinching. All these procedures are applicable only to tall varieties. Topping is pinching the top. This prevents the growth of the bush and the formation of an excess number of fruiting stems.

If this is not done, the tomato will simply go into rapid growth and will constantly form new shoots. As a result, we get a large amount of green mass and a minimum number of fruits with low taste.

Stepchildren - unwanted, extra shoots on the stem. These are axillary sprouts. They begin to be removed 12-14 days after the seedlings are planted in the greenhouse. Next, you need to observe and carry out the pinching procedure every 10-12 days. Axillary shoots should not grow.

In total, there should be no more than three forming stems in a tomato bush, and flower brushes in total should not exceed eight.

Stepchildren should be removed no earlier than they reach 5 cm in length. And you don't have to cut them. The best way to remove is to break off. Stepsons break off early in the morning: at this time the stems are most brittle. But you can’t break it off to the base, a two-centimeter stump should remain. This will prevent the formation of a new stepson in the same place.

If the task is to get the first crop of tomatoes as early as possible, you need to leave one stem and no more than three brushes on it. Everything above the upper brush must also be broken off.

Stepchildren also need to be basal stepchildren, which are visible near the ground itself.

The first feeding in time should coincide with the appearance of the first leaf. For the earliest harvest, foliar top dressing is used.

A young plant is fertilized with potassium monophosphate in the ratio of a tablespoon per 10 liters of water. Experienced vegetable growers do not recommend the use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers: they perfectly increase the green mass, after their application we get tall stems. But the tomatoes on them are very small and do not have any pronounced taste.

As a top dressing for greenhouse tomatoes, it is recommended to use:

• urea;
• calcium nitrate;
• potassium nitrate;
• industrial fertilizer "Aquarin".

All these substances are highly soluble in water. The best time to feed is evening.

The main trouble awaits greenhouse tomatoes as early as adolescence: tomato seedlings often suffer from the so-called black leg. You can fight this disease by changing the soil before planting.

You can save yourself from late blight by preventive treatment. Various solutions are used for this. Industrial preparations "Barrier" and "Barrier" are very popular. For the most effective protection, step-by-step processing is used, which is carried out at intervals of three times per season. Initially, the plantings are treated with "Barrier" with a dosage of one cap per 300 g of water, for the second time we take the "Barrier" - 5 tbsp. spoons per 10-liter bucket. Final processing - garlic: finely crush the head of garlic, pour hot water (bucket), and when it cools to room temperature, water the plants.

When spraying, it should be remembered that the first such procedure can be carried out only 20 days after planting the plants in the greenhouse.

In order to make tomatoes get sick as little as possible, greenhouse growers recommend not growing tomatoes in the same greenhouse for several years in a row. You should not alternate their planting with cucumbers.

Previously, this was considered a panacea, they say, there are no common diseases, but recently such a disease has been discovered, and its name is anthracnose. Therefore, before planting tomatoes, it is better to change the soil and pre-spray with hot copper sulfate (1 tbsp. L per 10-liter bucket). Water should be literally boiling water.

The best varieties of tomatoes for greenhouse cultivation are

• De Barao (with subspecies that take into account regionalization);
• Black Prince;
• Table F1
• Apple tree;
• Chelbas F1;
• Blagovest F1;
• Pink giant;
• Chernomor;
• Gem F1;
• Gypsy and others.

All these varieties have such qualities as high yield, disease resistance and unpretentiousness.

Growing tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse: video

Varieties of tomatoes for growing in a greenhouse: video

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is a science that anyone can master. But you need to be patient and follow the rules necessary in order to get strong healthy bushes from green seedlings, from which a bountiful harvest will be harvested. You also need to understand that for such a hobby it is necessary to have certain financial resources, since the greenhouse needs not only to be built, but also to be provided with the systems necessary for the full growth of tomatoes - heating, electricity and others.

Tomatoes enjoy the well-deserved attention and love of gardeners due to their excellent taste and health benefits. Everyone dreams of growing ripe, juicy, huge, fleshy fruits. A reliable method of obtaining a rich harvest is growing tomatoes in a greenhouse.

It has many valuable advantages and benefits:

1. Earlier Harvest: You can plant tomatoes in the greenhouse as early as April.
2. Greenhouse conditions are more preferable over open ground: plantings are protected from rain and hail, the scorching sun, and pests.
3. Plants do not require frequent watering and fertilization.
4. The yield of tomatoes in the greenhouse is higher: the heat-loving crop feels great in closed ground and bears fruit well.
5. Greenhouse tomatoes have a longer shelf life.

Experienced gardeners know how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse and share their secrets.

To grow tomatoes in a greenhouse, you need to purchase seeds for greenhouses. It is important to decide in advance on the purpose of the crop, because vegetables for sale, preservation or salads differ in properties.

All varieties of tomatoes can be divided into 2 types:

1. determinant- short stature, suitable for small greenhouses (large and sweet pink "Spring of the North" and "Masha Doll", large ultra-resistant to weather conditions "Bourgeois" and "Azhur").
2. Indeterminate- better tolerate weather conditions, grow in height as long as they allow, suitable for large greenhouses (fast-growing "Happiness Russian", sweet salad "Major", the leading variety "Octopus").

Soil and seed preparation

All stages of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse depend on the quality of the soil: from planting to ripening. Planting seeds in ordinary soil is the most common mistake of inexperienced and novice gardeners. The soil in the greenhouse should be rich in organic and mineral substances. It is worth paying attention to a mixture of soil, peat and sand in equal quantities.

After mixing well, water it with a nutrient solution:

• 25-30 g of potassium sulfate;
• 10 g of urea;
• 25-30 g of superphosphate;
• 10 liters of water.

Before planting, seeds are treated with Fitosporin solution (2-4 drops are diluted in a glass of water and soaked for 2-3 hours). The bright color of the seeds in the package indicates that they have already been processed. Seed washing is not required.

Sowing seeds and picking seedlings

Seeds for seedlings are sown in boxes 5-8 centimeters high. Having poured the soil, it is slightly tamped, grooves are made 1-1.5 cm deep and watered. The seeds covered with soil are placed in a lighted place at room temperature.

Seedlings need to be transplanted 7 days after germination. The strengthened roots of plants become cramped in the box. Before diving, all seedlings are carefully examined: by this moment they should have at least 2 leaves. Taking out each plant with a lump of soil on the spine, carefully transplant it into a more spacious container.

Preparing a greenhouse for tomatoes

This is an important stage that ensures the normal growth of plants and protection against diseases. It is recommended to start preparing the greenhouse for growing tomatoes in the fall. After carefully removing all plant debris, they disinfect the future place of residence of the tomatoes.

Greenhouses with a wooden frame are fumigated with sulfur. Mixed with kerosene, it is laid on metal sheets located along the entire length of the greenhouse. All cracks in the walls are recommended to be well caulked. The ignited mixture is left to smolder for 5 days. Sulfur helps to get rid of mold, fungi, infections and harmful insects.

For greenhouses with metal parts in the structure, sulfur cannot be used: it causes corrosion. The soil, walls and ceiling in this case are sprayed with a solution of chlorinated lime. To prepare it, 400 g of bleach is diluted in 10 liters of water and insisted for 4-5 hours.

The treated room is tightly closed for 2-3 days. After disinfection, the greenhouse is ventilated and thoroughly cleaned from the inside with brushes. Metal parts are poured with boiling water, wooden parts - with a solution of copper sulphate.

How to prepare the soil in a greenhouse?

Greenhouse soil needs to be completely changed every 5 years. If this is not possible, they are limited to autumn disinfection with garden lime, a solution of copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture or dolomite flour (at the rate of 50 g per 1 sq. M). You can treat the soil with boiling water.

Due to the extremely high susceptibility of tomato roots to cold, elevated beds are used for planting them. Experienced gardeners advise them to be additionally insulated: having completely removed the earth from the greenhouse, cover the area under the tomatoes with needles or straw about 10 centimeters thick. Lay a ball of compost about 10 centimeters high on top of them, and then return the earth back, pouring a height of 20 centimeters.

Organic fertilizer is applied to insufficiently nutritious soil in autumn from equal parts of peat and humus at the rate of half a bucket per 1 sq. M. Ash mixed with sand can be laid out on top of organic matter (1 liter per 1 sq. M). Then the soil is covered with straw.

Later, the fallen snow is brought into the greenhouse and laid on top of the straw. Snow serves as a reliable protection against freezing of the soil in winter and good moisture for it in spring. To create comfortable living conditions for tomatoes in the spring, compost or complex fertilizers are added to the soil and the soil is dug up.

How to prepare plants for planting?

Tomato seedlings are best planted in greenhouses in early May. The night temperature at this time is quite low for seedlings, so it is better to cover the greenhouse with a double film, not forgetting to make ventilation from all sides.

The date and month of planting have a direct impact on the successful growth of tomatoes. Tomatoes are planted in heated greenhouses in warm spring around April 29-30, in greenhouses with double shelter without heating - May 5-10, in greenhouses without heating - May 20-25. Dates may be a little later if the spring does not please with warmth.

The optimum soil temperature in a greenhouse for tomatoes is + 10-15 ° C, air - + 20-25 ° C. The rows are arranged from north to south to provide natural light. It is unacceptable to plant tomatoes in the same place for the second year: their yield will be much lower.

Schemes for planting tomatoes in a greenhouse

To get the maximum yield of tomatoes, it is recommended to correctly plan the place in the greenhouse. The dimensions of the greenhouse, the variety of tomatoes, the methods of plant formation determine the planting pattern.

Experienced gardeners offer the most successful proven options:

1. For undersized early ripening varieties: a checkerboard pattern in 2 rows with an interval between rows of 50-55 cm, a distance between bushes of 35-40 cm and a formation of 2-3 stems.
2. Determinate and standard species: the interval between rows is 45-50 cm, between the bushes - about 25 cm (up to 10 plants per 1 sq. m).
3. Tall giants: plant in a checkerboard pattern with a distance between rows of 75-80 cm and between plants 55-60 cm (formation in 1 stem) or with gaps between rows of 70-75 cm (formation in 2 stems).

The scheme for planting seedlings of different varieties of tomatoes in a greenhouse received very good reviews, which provides a rich harvest all year round.

According to this plan, tomatoes are grown in 2 rows:

1. It takes up space along the edges of the greenhouse near the film or glass. Designed for growing determinant precocious plants (35-40 cm between bushes), which form into 1 stem.
2. It is located at the inner passage. Designed for planting tall giants with a distance between plants of 60 cm, which form into 1 stem. Stepping back 10 cm to the south, in the same row, superdeterminant standard species are planted with the giants with an interval of 25 cm between the bushes, which form into 1 stem and pinch after the appearance of the second shoot. Standard varieties have time to yield before the giants ripen.

Of great importance for the successful cultivation of tomatoes in the greenhouse is the correct formation of beds. Close them up about a week before planting tomatoes. The beds look like mounds 30-40 cm high and 60-80 cm wide, located at a distance of about 60 cm.

Planting tomatoes in a greenhouse

It is optimal to plant plants in a greenhouse at the age of 1.5 months. The root system of tomatoes by this time is already well developed. Noticeably elongated seedlings are recommended to be planted a little lower than the rest, removing the lower leaves. For planting tomatoes in a greenhouse, the evening of a warm spring day is best suited.

Water the tomatoes thoroughly before planting. In small dug holes with a diameter of 10-15 centimeters, they lay out a handful of humus or a mixture of a handful of wood ash with 1 teaspoon of superphosphate and water it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (2 liters per nest).

Tomato bushes are transplanted into a greenhouse along with an earthy clod. For convenience, the hole is filled with water and the plant is placed in the resulting mud. Overgrown seedlings are placed at an angle, sprinkling part of the stem with soil.

The soil around the planted plant is recommended to be slightly compacted and sprinkled with soil, mulched on top. To protect tomatoes from phytophthora, the planting is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture (100 g per 10 l of water) or copper oxychloride (40 g of copper per 10 l of water).

After planting, the seedlings are not disturbed for 5-6 days, allowing them to get used to the new conditions. After a week, the soil is slightly loosened, improving the supply of oxygen to the roots. Before planting, it is recommended to install a garter device for each bush so as not to damage the roots of plants after planting.

Ways to tie tomatoes

1. Pegs. This method is suitable for medium-sized varieties. Metal rods, trimmings of reinforcement, wooden stakes, thin plastic tubes will serve as pegs. Their length should exceed the expected height of the bush by 25-30 cm (driving depth into the ground). The pegs are placed next to the stem, wrap the trunk of the tomato with garter material and tie it to the support. As the bush grows, this procedure is repeated.
2. Tapestries. They are used for giants of indeterminate species, whose height in greenhouse conditions can reach 5-6 meters. The maximum saving of space in the greenhouse with the help of trellises allows you to plant up to 3-4 tomato bushes per square meter. On long stakes driven along the ridge, a strong twine or steel wire is pulled every 35-40 cm.

The stem and branches of a growing bush are tucked between the stretched twine using the braiding method. The trellis method allows you to leave side shoots for development, maximizing the yield.

How to care?

Proper care of tomatoes in a greenhouse includes ventilation, watering and garter.

For the first time, the plants in the greenhouse are watered only on the 10th day after planting with water at room temperature, and then watering is continued every 4 days.

When flowering, the plants are watered more often, during the fruiting period - more moderately 2-3 times a week. It is recommended to water the plants in the morning under the root.

When the tomatoes reach a height of 15-20 centimeters, they are stepchildren once a week, carefully cutting off the lateral processes. To protect against diseases 6-7 times a season, the plants are sprayed with a tincture of 40 g of chopped garlic in 10 liters of water.

Tomatoes are not afraid of drafts, so all the doors and windows of the greenhouse can be safely opened within 2 hours after watering. On a sunny day, the temperature in the greenhouse should not rise above +26°C, and on a cool day it should not fall below +20°C.

10 days after planting, the first feeding of plants is carried out, subsequently, organics and minerals are applied once every 10 days. To obtain fruits with a sweeter taste, boric acid is added to the top dressing (1 g per 1 liter of water).

The deterioration of the appearance of plants indicates a lack of substances necessary for growth and development:

• pale, weakened leaves, bad inflorescences - nitrogen;
• slow growth, blue crumbling leaves - phosphorus;
• yellowing leaves - calcium.

During the flowering period, tomatoes need mineral supplements (1 liter per square meter):

• 10 liters of water;
• 40 g of phosphate fertilizers;
• 25 g nitrogen;
• 15 g potassium.

In the fruitful period, organic matter is used to feed tomatoes: 2 liters of ash is poured up to 10 liters of hot water, insisted, 1 bottle of iodine and 15 g of boric acid are added. After insisting for a day, the mass is diluted with cold water (a liter of the mixture per bucket of water) and the tomatoes are poured at a rate of 1 liter per bush.

Harvesting and storage

Harvesting tomatoes does not tolerate delay. The fruits must be removed until the daytime temperature drops below + 8 ° C, and the night temperature does not drop to 0 ° C. It is ideal to harvest tomatoes in the morning when they are most resilient. The collected fruits are immediately sorted. Brown ones are placed in 2-3 layers in wooden boxes. 2-3 fully ripe tomatoes added to them accelerate ripening by releasing ethylene.

Early and mid-season varieties of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse are not stored for long. Longer shelf life for fruits placed in wooden boxes with a mixture of birch sawdust and peat chips. Some gardeners practice freezing harvested tomatoes by soaking them briefly in cold water before consuming. You can store frozen tomatoes under a layer of snow in wooden boxes.

The property of a tomato is known - thermophilicity, therefore it is not always possible to bring the fruits of tomatoes to full maturity in the open air. Using greenhouses to grow vegetables is an ideal option for those who live in temperate regions. But there are some peculiarities of tomato farming in greenhouse conditions. Knowing them will help to achieve high yields of delicious tomatoes.

There are two methods for planting tomatoes in a greenhouse. It is useful to have an idea about each of them.

Proper planting of seeds in the ground

Despite the fact that the temperature in the greenhouse rises during the day due to the bright March sun, it is cold there at night. For planting seeds, you need them temper in advance. To do this, after soaking, the material is placed either in the refrigerator or in warm water. Now the hatched seeds are ready to grow.

It is important that at night the temperature does not drop to minus five degrees.

Special heating of the enclosed space will help to avoid this. It happens:

• biological with fresh manure;
• furnace;
• electric.

Having stuffed the greenhouse with a shovel of hot manure at the end of February, you can sow the seeds. They will be warm enough until mid-May. The manure is heated by pouring hot water over it, sprinkling with quicklime.

Wall coverings made of mats in two layers keep heat well. Three days later, the manure is leveled, soil is poured on it. You can plant tomato seeds in it. The accelerated growth of hardened seedlings allows them to bear fruit a month and a half earlier than in garden beds.

How to plant tomato seedlings

It is easier to grow tomatoes in seedlings. There are some nuances of planting seeds and emerging sprouts. In spring, tomatoes are sown for seedlings in greenhouses no earlier than March 20. As soon as she reaches the age of sixty days, you can plant or seat her in a permanent place indoors, for example, on a windowsill.

For seedlings air temperature matters- it should reach eighteen degrees during the day, sixteen at night. It is worth watering the seedlings three times in the first month. Water is used warm, well settled. When the first shoots appear, they switch to watering up to once a week.

Plant the dived seedlings in place, preparing a layer of earth of 17 centimeters, then adding it to twenty centimeters. The soil should consist of equal parts of humus, soddy soil with the addition of a small amount of river sand.

Before planting, fifty grams of wood ash is placed in each prepared hole or furrow, thoroughly mixed with the ground. Tomato sprouts are planted deep, reaching the bottom of the racks.

Elongated seedlings - planting features

With a lack of lighting, excessive watering, the seedlings become long.

Due to the thin stem, tomato seedlings often break, so a number of rules must be observed when transplanting:

1. A cloudy day or in the morning is suitable for planting seedlings. with low temperature air.
2. The long stem is placed in the landing hole with a ring. You can lay the kusutik horizontally, leaving a stem on the surface, which has a length of no more than forty centimeters, or, conversely, leaving most of it underground.
3. Cut off the lower leaves and stepchildren on the stem.
4. Carefully pour the soil into the hole, trying not to damage the sprouts.
5. They drive in a peg nearby, to which tie seedlings.
6. At the end of the procedure, the bushes are watered.

If, at the beginning of growth, the elongated sprouts lag behind their counterparts in development, then after the formation of new roots, the tomatoes will become stronger.

What is a square-nest landing method

When planting seeds or seedlings of tomatoes in the ground, a square-nest method is used, which will make caring for tomatoes easier. And it will be better for the plants to pass absorption of nutrients. With such a landing, each bush will have enough light.

The scheme for planting a tomato in a square-nested way is as follows:

1. In one nest 70x70 centimeters two or three plants of standard and determinant species are placed.
2. There are enough early-ripening tomatoes for one nest.
3. With medium and late ripening - one plant each. With an increase in the nest by twenty centimeters, two tomatoes can also be planted, slightly reducing the planting density.

After landing, you must ventilate more often, which will prevent the spread of fungal diseases indoors.

The best time for planting a tomato

Properly chosen planting time tomato plays an important role in getting a good harvest.

A timely spring with stable weather is the main condition for planting a vegetable crop, in addition to proper care and irrigation. For the seedling method of growing, it is planted in an unheated greenhouse in the first decade of May. At the same time, it is necessary to additionally insulate the walls of the enclosed space, covering them with mats.

In regions with a warm climate, heated greenhouses are being prepared for tomatoes. in March, and with moderate, including Western Siberia, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk - in the end of April. The spring sun will allow the tomatoes to get enough heat and light for their growth.

Placement of tomatoes in a greenhouse

In accordance with the choice of tomato variety, the greenhouse designs also plant young bushes:

1. For indeterminate tomatoes, a staggered arrangement of bushes is chosen. They need to be placed in rows with a distance between them. no more than eighty centimeters. The distance between plants will be half a meter when forming in one stem, and in two - seventy centimeters.
2. species need row spacing in half a meter. The distance of the bushes from each other is thirty centimeters to those that are grown in two or three stems. It is reduced to the norm of twenty-five units if one stem is formed.

It is important to follow the rules for placing a tomato, otherwise they will not have enough nutrients, moisture, light and air.

Crowding of plantings leads to diseases in the tomato. Growing strong and tall plants with thickening is difficult.

Optimal row width

The arrangement of beds depends on the area of ​​the greenhouse. With a standard area of ​​\u200b\u200b3x6 beds, a place is suitable along the wall. High-quality lighting of the beds will be when it is directed to the west.

The height of the soil in relation to the track is done in 40 cm. The width of the bed can be 60 or 90 cm. For proper care, you need a track a little less than half a meter wide.

It is necessary to take care of the location of the necessary equipment and the sufficient width of the tracks. This will allow proper care of the tomato beds.

Features of the location of undersized and tall varieties

For proper placement of tomato bushes, you can use the following recommendations:

1. Planting in two rows is suitable for tall varieties, as they leave two stems in the nest. And the distance between the rows reaches eighty centimeters.
2. Drop off would be ideal. in the middle rooms of tall varieties, On the sides- undersized. When ripening at different periods, you can harvest tomatoes constantly.
3. With a modest size of the greenhouse, the tall ones arrange a bed in one row on the sides, and the undersized ones - in two rows in the middle of the room.

It is necessary to think over the location of different varieties of plants and choose an approach to planting in advance.

Polycarbonate greenhouses: the nuances of growing

Among the advantages of polycarbonate greenhouses are:

• small mass;
• long service;
• low thermal conductivity;
• high light transmission.

Growing garden tomatoes in such greenhouses is easy.

Agrotechnics of tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse: planting dates, distances between bushes

In the early days of May you can start planting seedlings in a polycarbonate greenhouse. At this time, the seedlings already have a strong root system, a thick stem, one or two flower brushes.

After hardening the seedlings in the open air for two weeks, they are sprayed with a solution of boric acid. This will prevent the buds from dropping. Before planting, the two lower leaves on the sprouts are removed. The arrangement of plants is the same as in ordinary greenhouses.

Disembarkation step by step

Before planting a tomato in a greenhouse, it is necessary to add humus, peat, phosphate and potash fertilizers to the prepared beds. For soil disinfection it needs to be treated - sprayed with a solution of potassium permanganate or treated with the Barrier.

Seedlings are placed in the prepared holes using the square-nest or tape-nest method. The depth of the holes is not more than twenty centimeters. For better absorption of phosphorus, which is necessary for tomatoes for proper development, wood ash is added to the wells.

Immersion of seedlings is carried out until the first true leaf.

Depending on the moisture content of the soil and air in the greenhouse, seedlings are watered according to two - three liters per bush. Tomatoes planted in the evening in cloudy weather will take root well.

Landing care requirements

For the active growth of a tomato in a polycarbonate greenhouse, it is necessary to create conditions:

• air temperature in 22 degrees, but not higher than 25, soil - over fifteen.
• ventilation for the inflow of fresh air into the room;
• maintaining the humidity level at around 70 percent.
• water as it dries the top layer of soil;
• top dressing with the introduction of monopotassium phosphate and potassium nitrate weekly along with watering;
• carrying out pollination with shaking the bushes during the flowering period.

Compliance with all the rules for caring for tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse will lead to constant fruiting of the bushes.

Growing Secrets

It is no secret that you can get high yields of tomatoes in the early stages only by growing them in a greenhouse. In addition to this plant in protected ground less attacked by pests do not suffer from disease.

Proper operation of the greenhouse ventilation duct is ensured as follows: carefully and regularly wipe the walls of the structure. If the place for the installation of the greenhouse is chosen correctly - well-lit, without shading from the side of trees, buildings, then the light will freely penetrate into it.

Before starting the preparation of tomato seedlings for the greenhouse, it is necessary to select plant varieties that can grow well in greenhouse conditions.

Soil preparation and disinfection for future beds obligatory plant health depends on it.

Insects will help pollinate the tomato. You can attract bees, bumblebees, wasps to the greenhouse with sweet fermented compote, kvass.

Increases the resistance of tomatoes to diseases by spraying with copper sulphate, boiling water.

Care rules

Caring for tomatoes grown in greenhouses is different from those that grow in open ground.

Features of care after planting seedlings

For young seedlings, it is important to carry out timely watering, the introduction of optimal doses of fertilizers. A week after planting, the plants begin to water them. Before flowering, watering is carried out with a break of five days. For one square meter - one bucket of warm water. Water under the root, trying to prevent drops of moisture from falling on the leaves. Drip irrigation is also suitable.

Two weeks after planting, fertilizing bushes with mullein, diluted in water by five hundred milligrams - ten liters, add ten grams of ammonium nitrate, fifty - superphosphate, fifteen - potassium chloride. The next time after the appearance of flowers, the ripening of fruits must be treated with fertilizers, doubling the amount of minerals when dissolved in a bucket of water.

What is the difference between care in greenhouses and greenhouses

Greenhouses are used for a smooth transition of seedlings from home to open ground. Therefore, the terms and rules for planting a tomato are the same for both greenhouses and hotbeds.

The choice of a place for a greenhouse and a greenhouse should take into account the level of groundwater.

It cannot exceed two and a half meters from the soil surface. So that the soil does not sprinkle from the walls of the greenhouse, they are sheathed with boards. Greenhouses are installed on the southern slopes of the site, this will avoid flooding the territory.

Feeding methods

It is necessary to feed tomato bushes during budding and fruit formation. Every month, fertilizer or compost is applied between the rows. Purchase fertilizers in specialized stores, taking into account the importance of the presence of a large amount of nitrogen in them.

Suitable for feeding mullein, mineral supplements. All types of fertilizer are diluted in a bucket of water and applied after watering the bushes. A bucket of solution is enough per square meter.

When to ventilate

In order for the plants to receive more air, light, it is necessary to open the doors of the greenhouse for ventilation. The procedure will help reduce high temperature and humidity. High humidity parameters, heat will not allow fruits to set, pollination will slow down.

In hot weather, it is necessary to arrange a draft by opening the greenhouse on both sides.

Ventilation is included in the measures for the prevention of phytophthora. In good dry weather, you can leave the greenhouse open at night.

How to plant for a good harvest

A big harvest is the dream of every gardener.

Getting a large harvest of juicy fruits is the dream of every gardener. For this it is important comply with the landing time vegetables, when the temperature in the greenhouse will remain at night at twenty-five degrees Celsius.

Tomatoes will grow better in polycarbonate greenhouses. But in hot summers, it is enough to hold the bushes for the first time under the film. Although it is in the greenhouse that they harvest tomatoes earlier and more often.

Variety selection the tomato is important. There are tomatoes that give rich harvests in the greenhouse, but they sing badly in the open field. It is best to choose hybrids that do not require pollination and produce excellent fruit. The resistance of hybrid species to diseases that prevent the increase in productivity is also noted.

How does baking soda help?

For powdery mildew prevention use baking soda on tomatoes. To prepare the solution, take four liters of water, add a tablespoon of soda and half a teaspoon of liquid soap. Having stirred well, they spray the tomato bushes in the greenhouse once a week.

Garter Features

Most types of tomato require stems to be tied to pegs. Plants are tied up taking into account the variety. It is optional for early ripening and undersized varieties.

How to tie up a greenhouse

There is no difference in tying plants in a polycarbonate greenhouse and a simple one.

Wire, strong fishing line, harsh thread, thin twine are never used as a material. Such materials will easily cut the stem. Strips of fabric two to three centimeters wide are the best choice. Before the procedure, they must be disinfected by scalding with boiling water or washing with laundry soap.

Pegs are driven in near the tomato above the stems by 30 cm and loosely tie the stem to them.
Another way of garter is a trellis device. Stakes are driven in along the beds, pulling a wire, a strong string, between them in several rows. During the growth of tomatoes, they are tucked into the wire or hung brushes on hooks.

Garter of undersized and tall varieties

It is better to tie undersized varieties individually to the pegs. But such a garter will not withstand the brushes of ripe fruits of tall species. Therefore, for tall tomatoes, it will be better to erect tapestry. With this method, successful growth of stepchildren is possible.

Do you need a node

The central stem of the plant is wrapped around with a strip of material, crossed with a figure eight or twisted, tied to a support. It is not necessary to make a strong knot, otherwise it will be difficult to remove it. It is enough to tie in the form of a bow. After the growth of the stem, the first bandage is removed by tying it higher.

Hang on a trellis or tie up - which way is better

Both options are convenient for tomato growth. Tie tassels of tall tomatoes to the top of the trellis or hung on hooks located at the top. In both cases, the fruits continue to grow successfully no matter how they are hung.

What can be used as pegs

It is convenient to prepare individual pegs or sticks for tying up tomato bushes. They will last for several years.

You can replace them:

• scraps of fittings and metal fixtures;
• metal rods;
• thin plastic pipes;
• wooden slats.

The choice of a peg and how many of them should be in order to tie a tomato depends on the power of the plant stem.

Organization of watering a tomato from planting to harvest

Watering play important role in the care of planting tomatoes in the greenhouse.

Frequency of first watering

After planting, it is necessary to take a break in moistening the soil, which will allow strengthen the root system young plants. Three days later, up to two liters of water are poured under each bush. Then the number of procedures is increased.

Morning is considered the best time for watering. And then the greenhouse is opened for ventilation. Irrigation will suffice one to two times a week.

Features of watering in a polycarbonate greenhouse

In the greenhouse, water tomatoes in the flowering phase often, doubling the amount of water. The best option would be a break in moisturizing in two days. After the formation of ovaries, the frequency of irrigation begins to decrease. The weather conditions are also taken into account. In extremely humid summers, it is enough to water the plants once every two weeks.

Increased watering will lead to an increase in the green mass of the plant, to a decrease in tomato fruiting.

How to water tomatoes

High yields in the greenhouse are obtained if watering is carried out with water at a temperature of 20-25 degrees. Many people add a tablespoon of table salt and a glass of wood ash to a bucket of water. By pouring half a liter of solution under each bush, you can harvest a good harvest of sweet, fleshy tomatoes.

Water the tomatoes, adding a little herbal mass to the water.

Organization of drip irrigation of plants

Using homemade tomato drippers is important for hydration root area plants. Water in this case is supplied in small portions.

For the device of this method of irrigation, hoses with a diameter of 1.5 cm. Droppers or drip tapes are attached to them. The hose is attached to a faucet or lowered into a container of water. Lay the system along the landings, sprinkled lightly with soil. Through a tape or a dropper, water will flow directly to the root system of a vegetable crop.

How to water seedlings

Since the future harvest depends on the state of the seedlings, it is necessary to know how to properly water it. From a lack of moisture, young shoots can quickly die. When spitting seeds, reduce the frequency of watering by making break for two days.

In case of severe dryness, you can spray the soil with a spray bottle.

As soon as the first leaves appear, they observe the drying of the top layer of soil. Only then do watering or spraying. Two or three days before picking, the soil is softened by watering and the first top dressing. The sprouts are then more easily removed from the ground.

Four days after transplanting the seedlings, watering begins, bringing it up to once a week. You can increase the amount of moisture if the intensity of sunlight increases, which leads to the drying of the soil.

For planting a tomato in order to grow them, there are some peculiarities. Knowing all the nuances of how to care for them in ordinary greenhouses and polycarbonate greenhouses is important in order to get high yields of tomatoes.

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